A Last Minute Look

At what YOU’VE already learned this year!

EXPLORATION (happened first but just remember why we came…)

• Europeans came to find gold and short cut to Asia

• Spain took lead, then France, then England

• England established the 13 colonies that eventually became the United States!

COLONIZATION (The First era WE Studied)

Began in 1607 with successful English

settlement at Jamestown and lasted until American Independence (the 2nd era)

was declared in 1776!

The two worked together to establish relations between the Jamestown settlers and the Powhattan Indians but it was JOHN ROLFE who cultivated the tobacco plant and made Jamestown a money-making venture. Thus Virginia became a Southern leader in its ability to grow cash crops!

PLYMOUTH, Massachusetts

Settled by the PILGRIMS looking for RELIGIOUS

FREEDOM.

They signed the MAYFLOWER COMPACT IN 1620, a document of self-

government.

But built a “pure” society based on the

Bible!

13 different colonies developed into three regions known as New England, The South, and The Middle.

New England

• Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecticut

• Economics based on fishing, shipbuilding, and whaling because of rocky soil

• Very religious especially in Mass. – nonconformists kicked out and formed other areas – even killed a few witches!

• Boston, Mass developed into major port• First public schools

The Middle Colonies

• Delaware, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland (to a degree)

• Very diverse and thus more tolerant of others – freer society because of William Penn and the Quakers

• New York City developed into major port• Economics were based on survival of

family – subsistence farming, good soil, warm climate

• Private Schools

And back to The South

• Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, and Maryland (economically)

• Developed cash crops which demanded large work force causing need for slavery

• Economics based on plantation system• Hot climate, great soil• Tax-supported churches, no public

schools

The French and

Indian War = TAXATION on the COLONIES

The Road to Revolution

Proclamation of 1763

Sugar Act

Currency Act

Stamp Act

Quartering Act

The Boston Massacre

Tea Party

Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty

1774 – INTOLERABLE ACTS

1774 - First Continental Congress

1775 - Lexington and Concord

– the shot heard around the world (for freedom)

The British are coming!

Debates and signs the Declaration of Independence written mainly

by Thomas Jefferson.

1776

Lafayette Baron Von Steuben

Winter at Valley Forge – Starvation

SARATOGA – Turning Point

YORKTOWN – Final Battle

The United States Wins!!!!YORKTOWN

Georgia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Virginia

Maryland

New York

NewJersey

Penn-sylvania

Delaware

NewHampshire

RhodeIsland

Connecti-cutt

Massa-chusetts

A New Government Was Formed Under

The Articles of Confederation!

=

The

United

States

State Power Equaled Federal Power

Some Good Things aboutThe Articles of Confederation

• Passed Northwest Ordinance allowing new territories to become equal states and banned slavery in territories

• Ran an underground government during Revolutionary War

• Passed Treaty of Paris of 1783

A Federal System of Government was Formed

L eg isla tiv e B ran chC o n gre ss

H o use / S en a teM a ke s th e L aw

E xecu tiv e B ran chP res ide n t

E xecu tive D e p ar tm e n tsE n fo rce s th e L aw

Ju d ic ia l B ran chT h e S up rem e C ou rtU .S . D is tr ic t C o u r tsIn te rp re ts the L aw

U .S .G ov e rn m e nt

The States The People

But Not Without Some Debate• What about

people’s rights?• Isn’t a strong

government evil?• Have we

forgotten what we fought for?

The Constitution set up the Government and told it what

to do and how to do it! So they went further and passed

No StateChurch

No Restrictionson Religious

Exercise

No Restrictions

on Speech

No Failure toGive CitizensDue Process

No Soldiers

in

Your House

The Louisiana Purchase 1803

Mapped the new territory with the help of Sacajawea & York!

Lewis and Clark

The War of 1812

We Won – And finally had the Respect of the World• Americans were patriotic• The Star Spangled Banner was

published.• Textile Mills and Factories Boomed up

North• Cotton gin caused increase of slavery

down south• Here comes the Era of Good Feeling with

President Monroe

Election of 1824Candidate

Party ElectoralVote

PopularVote

Presidential

John Quincy Adams (MA)

Democratic-Republican

84 115,696

Henry Clay (KY) “ 37 47,136

Andrew Jackson (TN) “ 99 152,933

William H. Crawford (GA)

“ 41 46,979

Adams Won the House’s vote but Jackson won the

hearts of America four years later andDemocracy Grew All Men could vote

now– Not just the rich – any “citizen male”

Those voters got American land as a reward

And the Indians lost theirs especially the Southeastern tribes

The Trail of Tears

The Victory cost Mexico dearly!

Would Slavery follow Americans out West?

1. Compromise of 18502. Fugitive Slave Laws3. Dred Scott Decision4. Missouri Compromise5. Kansas-Nebraska Act

Abolitionists Hated Slavery!

People like Frederick Douglass, Horace Greeley, and Harriet Beecher Stowe used their influence to argue against slavery!

Secessionists knew slavery was the key to

their economic success!

Why Even Those Women Got Involved

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Seneca Falls Convention for Women

• Dorothea Dix for the imprisoned and handicapped

• The Grimke Sisters for the Slaves• Sojourner Truth – “Ain’t I a Woman?”

And then Came More Conflict! • John Brown and

Harper’s Ferry• Harriet

Tubman’s Underground Railroad

• Harriett Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Dred Scott Case

Lincoln is Elected (the 1st Republican); The South Secedes! What will happen to these non United States?

Has its military leaders, its culture, and its cause!

Has the railroads, manpower, factories, and money.

Ft. Sumter is first!

Lee Surrenders at Appomattox

But Five Days Later

But Slavery Would End –The Civil War Amendments• 13th Amendment – Frees Slaves

• 14th Amendment – Rights of Citizenship to African Americans

• 15th Amendment – Right to vote to African American males

And we would continue to grow…• Homestead Act• Dawes Act• Morrill Act

The transcontinental railroad is finished!