a little review the scientific revolution and the enlightenment
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2.Romanticism changed the direction of the Enlightenment by emphasizing (A) Skepticism over reason (B) Empirical evidence over reason (C) Emotion over reason (D) The unconscious mind over reasonTRANSCRIPT
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A Little ReviewThe Scientific Revolution and the
Enlightenment
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1. Which best describes Voltaire’s personal faith?
(A) There is no God(B) God is everywhere and controls everything(C) God set the world in motion but then retreated and let it be(D) God is dead
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2. Romanticism changed the direction of the Enlightenment by emphasizing
(A) Skepticism over reason(B) Empirical evidence over reason(C) Emotion over reason(D) The unconscious mind over reason
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3. Which of these works was published first? (A) Newton’s Principia(B) Copernicus’s On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres(C) Fontenelle’s Plurality of Worlds(D) Galileo’s “Starry Messenger”
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4. Credited with perfecting the experimental method: one example is that he rolled wooden balls down a ramp to measure their acceleration rate:
(A) Galileo(B) Newton(C) Descartes(D) Bacon
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5. Madame du Chatelet is credited with
A. Hosting a salon where philosophers and scientists met
B. Her work in astronomy, including the discovery of several new stars
C. Volunteering her children for smallpox inoculation
D. Translating Newton’s Principia into French
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6. What was the centerpiece of Newton's work? (A) The doctrine of uniformity (B) The law of inertia (C) The law of universal gravitation (D) The special theory of relativity
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7. With which idea were thinkers like Pierre Bayle and David Hume associated? (A) Romanticism(B) Skepticism(C) Mercantilism(D) Rationalism
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8. Which form of government did Locke prefer? (A) Absolute monarchy(B) Direct democracy(C) Representative democracy(D) Anarchy
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9. The Neoclassic style was differentiated from the Baroque because
A) it was characterized by restraint and discipline.
B) it aimed at grandiose effects.
C) it was found mainly in Protestant countries.
D) it included art forms beyond painting.
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10. Which scientist was so inspirational that he’s credited with starting the Enlightenment? (A) Newton(B) Galileo (C) Kepler (D) Copernicus
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11. Montesquieu’s Persian Letters argues for (A) Freedom of speech(B) Separation of powers (C) Humane treatment of children
(D) Tolerance for other cultures
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12. Which author and work is matched incorrectly?
A) Montesquieu, Two Treatises on Government
B) Locke, On Human Understanding.
C) d’Holbach, System of Nature
D) Fontenelle, On the Plurality of Worlds
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13. He said “cogito ergo sum.” (“I think, therefore I am.”) and invented the deductive method
(A) Francis Bacon(B) Andreas Vesalius(C) Thomas Hobbes(D) Rene Descartes
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14. Which of these had the most negative view of human nature?
(A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau(B) Voltaire(C) John Locke(D) Thomas Hobbes
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A little Enlightened
review: Important terms and a few names from Chapter 18
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15. Aristotle believed in an earth-centered, or
_____, universe
geocentric
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16. Reasoning that begins with a
hypothesis and then proceeds to collecting
evidence
Deduction
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17. An object orbiting the sun travels in
an_____, according to Kepler
Ellipse
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18. Locke’s term: We are born “blank
slates,” or_____ ____Tabula rasa
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19. Voltaire believed in God, but only in a God who created the universe and
then let it run, like a watchmaker. He was
therefore a ……Deist
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20. “Empiricism” is another name for
______reasoning, Bacon’s innovation.Inductive
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21. One who believes that nothing can ever be known with 100%
certainty
Skeptic
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22. Madame Geoffrin’s was the best-known of these Enlightenment
meeting-places
Salons
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23. When Voltaire said “Crush the infamous thing,” what was he
referring to?
The Catholic Church
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24. A sun-centered universe
Heliocentric
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25. In his Essay on Human Understanding, Locke asserted we are born as “blank slates,” or, in his Latin term…
• Tabula Rasa
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26. Act of bringing information together to form a new hypothesis,
e.g., the Newtonian_______
Synthesis
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27. Montesquieu’s belief about the
executive, judicial, legislative functions of
government
Separation of Powers
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28. This is called a…
• Pediment
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29. Rousseau’s term: Rulers rule according
to the “__________ ____” of the people
“General Will”
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30. Term, and book title,
associated with Thomas Hobbes—it refers to a
powerful, dictatorial ruler
• Leviathan
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31. One example of
applied science: This was a British
school for navigators
• Gresham College
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32. John Churchill’s Blenheim
Palace includes gardens designed by_______?
• “Capability” Brown
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33. Another term for inductive reasoning?
Empiricism
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34. Madame Geoffrin’s was the best-known of these Enlightenment
meeting-places
Salons
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35. From Chapter 16: What was the English
equivalent of the salon—where the ideas of the
day were discussed freely?
• Coffeehouses
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36. As a group, French Enlightenment thinkers
were known as…
Philosophes
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37. Galileo’s telescope and the newly-invented
microscope both depended on the
innovations in this field of study, which also
fascinated Newton
Optics
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38. Galileo was charged with ___ by the
Inquisition for publishing his astronomical
discoveries.• Heresy
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39. This Benjamin West painting illustrates what three elements of
Neoclassicism?
• Order, Harmony, Balance
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40. Translate: Cogito ergo sum
“I think, therefore I am.”
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41. This David painting is an example of ____style
• Neoclassic
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42. This David
painting is an
example of
____style
• Romantic
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43. Washington D.C’s buildings are a tribute to Greece and Rome. What governmental
traditions did we inherit from both?
• Greece (Athens): Direct democracy
• Rome: Republican (representative) democracy
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44. Diderot edited and helped to
compile the first of these
Encyclopedias
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45. This is called a…
• Portico
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46. Galileo is credited with perfecting the
_______Method
Scientific, or Experimental(either is okay)
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47. Madame du Chatelet translated
this.
Principia
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48. Bernard de Fontenelle’s ______of
Worlds helped to explain the new
science to lay people.Plurality
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49. Baron d’Holbach would have loved this Keanu Reeves movie,
about humans controlled by forces
outside their control.The Matrix
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50. Both Rousseau and the Beatles would have
believed that the “Genie Experiment” lacked this vital, irrational, element
L o v e