a livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in...

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Journal of International Development J. Int. Dev. 13, 1131±1149 2001) DOI: 10.1002/jid.802 A LIVELIHOOD FROM THE FOREST: GENDERED VISIONS OF SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN SOUTHERN CAMEROON KATRINA BROWN 1 * and SANDRINE LAPUYADE 1 1 School of Development Studies/Overseas Development Group, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Abstract: This paper explores divergent perceptions and experiences of social, economic and environmental change of villagers in Southern Cameroon arguing that the economic crisis has impacted very differently on men and women within the same community and within households. The analysis highlights shifts in cropping patterns towards increased food crops, especially cassava and plantain, for cash. Sources of livelihood for men have diversi®ed in the face of economic crisis, whereas women have reduced room to manoeuvre. This results in women becoming increasingly dependent on utilizing non-timber forest products for cash in order to meet their livelihood needs. However pressures on forest are increasing for a number of reasons and access to land and trees is becoming constrained, so future bene®ts from forest products will be contingent on clear, well de®ned and enforced community property rights. Copyright # 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 1 INTRODUCTION When asked how life had changed over the past twenty years, women in one Beti 1 community of Southern Cameroon were unanimous in stating that maintaining a liveli- hood is increasingly dif®cult. Men in the same village, on the other hand, felt very strongly that their standard of living has improved. Our ®ndings from the late 1990s are in contrast to those from two decades ago. In her research undertaken in Southern Cameroon in the late 1970s, Jane Guyer highlighted that, despite their limited resources and heavy workload, Beti women in general thought that their situation had improved compared Copyright # 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Correspondence to: Katrina Brown, School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. 1 Beti, Bulu and Fang are all sub-groups of the Bantu people. The Beti are one of the largest ethnic groups in Southern Cameroon and can be subdivided into Eton, Ewondo, Bene, Mvele and others. This research was undertaken among an Ewondo community.

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Page 5: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

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Page 6: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

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Page 7: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

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Page 8: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

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Page 9: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

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Page 10: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

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Page 11: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

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;28.(E, �(628. ,29/6., '/. ,5�11 =',.� 2( '4/�69159/.� '(� 5+. 2--2/59(�5�., 295,��. 5+.

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;+2 +'3. (2(?'4/�69159/'1 ,29/6., 27 �(628. '/. ,5/9441�(4 52 8'�(5'�( 5+.8� �+�, �, 5+.

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,5'(�'/� 27 1�3�(4 �-� D

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/.,915, �( 82/. 391(./'=1. '(� -/.6'/�29, 1�3.1�+22�,� %28.( '/. 275.( 82/. ,.3./.1:

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Page 12: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

;2/,5 �8-'65, 27 5+. 6/�,�,� �2,5 ;28.( �( #28',,� '/. �(3213.� �( 722� .06+'(4.,�

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'��9,5 52 5+.,. �.4/'�.� 5./8, 27 5/'�. =: 9(�./5'B�(4 82/. 722� -/26.,,�(4� )/26.,,.�

722� ,96+ ', 6',,'3' /211, 2/ 622B.� 8.'5 2/ <,+ ,.11 '5 ' =.55./ -/�6. (2; 5+'( <3. 2/ 5.(

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'(� 5+. -/2�965�2( 27 -'18 ;�(. +', '1,2 =.628. ' 82/. 196/'5�3. '65�3�5:� �15+294+ 5+.

�(6/.',�(4 �.-.(�.(6. 27 8.(E, �(628. 2( 722� 6/2-, 8.'(, 5+.: 522 ,977./ 7/28 -/�6.

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82/. 5+'( +'17 27 ;28.(E, �(628. �,.. �'=1., � '(� ��

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1�3�(4� �15+294+ ;28.(E, �(628. 8': =. 6/96�'1 ', 5+. 1',5 =977./ '4'�(,5 �.6/.',�(4

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Page 13: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

�(3213.� 62(M�65, 23./ /.,29/6., =95 +', '1,2 -/23��.� 2--2/59(�5�., 72/ -/2<5� �3./'11 ;.

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Page 14: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

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Page 15: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

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Page 16: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

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Page 17: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

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Page 18: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

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Page 19: A livelihood from the forest: gendered visions of social, economic and environmental change in Southern Cameroon

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