a media-framing analysis of obesity: adults vs. kids

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C onsortium for the Study of ommunication and Decision Making The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication C onsortium for the Study of ommunication and Decision Making A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids Changmin Yan, Ph.D. The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

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A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids. Changmin Yan, Ph.D. The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication. Introduction. What’s obesity? Adults: BMI >= 30. Kids: Age & Sex-Specific BMI What contributes to obesity? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity:

Adults vs. Kids

Changmin Yan, Ph.D.The Edward R. Murrow College

of Communication

Page 2: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Introduction• What’s obesity?

– Adults: BMI >= 30.– Kids: Age & Sex-Specific BMI

• What contributes to obesity?– Energy Balance Equation =

Energy Intake + Energy Expenditure

(CDC, 2007)

Page 3: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Introduction• Obesity Prevalence (CDC, 2008).

Page 4: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Introduction

• Agency Objectives:(PI: Fuyuan Shen, Ph.D.; Co-PI: Changmin Yan, Ph.D.)

– Trends of media coverage on obesity.

– Differences and commonalities among adults and kids.

Page 5: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Introduction

• Research Questions/Hypotheses: (PI: Fuyuan Shen, Ph.D.; Co-PI: Changmin Yan, Ph.D.)

– Trends of media coverage on obesity; adults vs. kids.

– Agenda-Setting (McCombs & Shaw, 1972; 1993; Andsager & Powers, 2001)

• 1st level: issue salience

• 2nd level: issue frames

RQ1: # of StoriesRQ2: Adults vs. Kids

Causes & SolutionsAdults vs. Kids

Page 6: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Introduction• Research Questions/Hypotheses:

– Framing of obesity causes and solutions.• A news frame is a pattern of selection and salience

(Entman, 1993; Reese, 2003).

• Causes: – Internal vs. External Attributions (Heider, 1958; Jones & Nisbett, 1972)– Individual Behavioral vs. Systemic Attributions (Iyengar, 1991)– Behavioral, Systemic, & Genetic Factors (CDC, 2007)

– RQ3: # of behavioral, systemic, & genetic frames for adults and kids.

Page 7: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Introduction• Research Questions/Hypotheses:

– Framing of obesity causes and solutions.• Causes:

– Energy Imbalance: Food Intake & Physical Activity (CDC, 2007)

– RQ4: # & types of food intake frames for adults and kids.

– RQ5: # & types of physical activity frames for adults and kids.

– RQ6: # & types of solutions for adults and kids.

Page 8: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Methods• Media: The New York Times

• Time Frame: Jan. 1, 1985 – Dec. 31, 2006.

• Key Words in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe: “Obesity, Obese, and/or Overweight” in headline & lead paragraphs. 542 Stories.

• Coding: level of agreement > 90%, Krippendorff’s alpha > 0.70.

Page 9: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Methods• Coding Scheme: Causal Attributions

– Genetic and Biological Causal Claims– Influences on Food Intake

• Behavioral causal claims.• Systemic causal claims

– Influences on Physical Activity• Behavioral causal claims.• Systemic causal claims

Page 10: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Methods• Coding Scheme: Solutions (Lawrence, 2004)

– The Information Environment– Restrictions on Access to Calorie-Dense or Low-

Nutritional-Quality Foods– Economic Factors– Legal and Regulatory Environment– Prevention and Treatment Programs– Social Norms

Page 11: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Results

• RQ1: # of obesity-related stories.

Page 12: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Results• RQ2: # of obesity-related stories, adults vs.

kids.

Page 13: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Results• RQ3: # of behavioral, systemic, & genetic

frames for adults and kids.

Page 14: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Results• RQ3: # of behavioral, systemic, & genetic

frames for adults and kids.

Page 15: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Results• RQ3: # of behavioral, systemic, & genetic

frames for adults and kids.

Page 16: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Results• RQ4: # & types of food intake frames for adults

and kids.

Food E

aten

Eating

Hab

it

Cheap

Junk

Food

Social

Norm

s

Inacc

urate

Info

Ad & M

arketi

ng

Serving

Size

Lack

Self

-Con

trol

Socioe

con

Yo Yo D

iet0

1020304050607080

Figure 4a: Top 10 Food Intake Frames: Adults

Page 17: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Results• RQ4: # & types of food intake frames for adults

and kids.

Junk

in S

choo

l

Ad & M

arketi

ng

Cheap

Junk

Food

Social

Norm

s

Inacc

urate

Info

Food P

olicy

Eating

Hab

it

Lack

Food E

d

Serving

Size

Food E

aten

Socioe

con

01020304050607080

Figure 4b: Top 10 Food Intake Frames: Kids

Page 18: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Results• RQ5: # & types of physical activity frames for

adults and kids.

Lack

Exe

rcise

Impe

de E

xerci

se

Social

Norm

s

Lack

Prom

otion

TV Time

Life S

tyle

Reduc

ed S

choo

l Ed

Compu

ter

Media

Socioe

con

01020304050607080

Figure 5a: Physical Activity Frames: Adults

Page 19: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Results• RQ5: # & types of physical activity frames for

adults and kids.

Lack

Exe

rcise

TV Time

Reduc

ed S

choo

l Ed

Impe

de E

xerci

se

Lack

Prom

otion

Social

Norm

s

Compu

ter

Socioe

con

Life S

tyle

Media

05

10152025303540

Figure 5b: Physical Activity Frames: Kids

Page 20: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Results• RQ6: # & types of solutions for adults and kids.

Indivi

dual

Family

Clinica

l Pha

rm

Social

Norm

s

Commun

ity S

choo

l

Ed Cam

paign

Policy

Marketi

ngLa

bel

Commun

ity A

cces

s

Litiga

tion

020406080

100120140160180

Figure 6a:Top 10 Solution Frames: Adults

Page 21: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Results• RQ6: # & types of solutions for adults and kids.

Indivi

dual

Family

Commun

ity S

choo

l

Schoo

l Acc

ess

Ed Cam

paign

Marketi

ngPoli

cy

Social

Norm

sLa

bel

Clinica

l Pha

rmMed

ia0

10203040506070

Figure 6b: Top 10 Solution Frames: Kids

Page 22: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Discussions• General Trends

– Overall Coverage– Causal Attributions– Energy Imbalance

• Adults vs. Kids– Adults: Causes & Solutions– Kids: Causes & Solutions

• Implications

Page 23: A Media-Framing Analysis of Obesity: Adults vs. Kids

C onsortium for the Study ofommunication and Decision Making

The Edward R. Murrow College of CommunicationThe Edward R. Murrow College of Communication

Questions?

Email: [email protected]

Collaborations and Ideas: Consortium for the Study of

Communication and Decision Making