a meta-model based model transformation tool: great and

Institute for Software Integrated SystemsVanderbilt University

A MetaA Meta--model based Model model based Model Transformation Tool: GReAT and Transformation Tool: GReAT and

Code Generator: the GReAT CompilerCode Generator: the GReAT Compiler

Attila Vizhanyo

OMG MIC Workshop Oct 12-15, 2004 – Arlington, VA 2/17

OverviewOverview

! MIC Recap! Model-to-model transformations as a GRT problem! Universal Data Model (UDM)! Graph Rewriting and Transformation (GReAT)! Code Generator (CG)


MIC: DomainMIC: Domain--Specific MDASpecific MDA

Tool Integration

Metamodeling

Analysis

Execution

Metamodels

Domainmodels

Translation

Synthesis & Generation

Model-ModelTransformations

Domain-specific modeling


Design challenges of the generic Design challenges of the generic model transformation tool model transformation tool

! Precise specification on categories of models! Categories= Domains (= Metamodels in MIC)

! The input & output models typically conform to different metamodels! Support heterogeneous domains! Cross references between domains (temporary

domain)! Automated generation of executable model

transformer code from the specification! Acceptable runtime performance! Simple semantics, usability


Graph TransformationsGraph Transformations

! Represent models with graphs! Graph grammars and transformations

! Over 30 years of research -- Node & Hyper edge replacement --Algebraic approaches -- Programmed graph replacement systems. Systems: PROGRES, AGG

! Graph transformations can be used to generate domain-specific model transformers

! Traditional transformation approaches cannot be applied directly

Output Graph

A

B

C

D

E

Text File

2 4

3 6

51

Input Graph

4

3 6

51

Input Graph


The UDM FrameworkThe UDM Framework

GME UML

GME/UML Interpreter

UDM.exe XML (Meta) <Uml.dtd>

.cpp .h .dtd

User Program

UDM Generated code

API Meta-objects

XML data file

Validates

UdmCopy

XML MEM MGA

GME

Backends

Binary file

CORBA

Network

Generic API OCL Eval

Metamodeling of data:

UML class diagrams

API Code Generator:Builds C++ “handle”classes

Backends:Generic object implementation

Reflection:Meta-objects

Analyze graph domains for type safetyProgrammatic manipulation of graphs


Metamodel of SourceMetamodel of Target

DS-PI ModelDS-PI Model

Source Models

DS-PS ModelDS-PS Model

Target Model

Model Transformation Specification

Input Output

Describes Describes

Refers to

Refers to

Transformation Modeling

Transformation Execution

Transformation

Mod

el A

PI

MetaMeta

Virtual Machine

Mod

el A

PI

Graph Rewriting & Transformation Graph Rewriting & Transformation ((GReATGReAT) Overview) Overview


The The GReATGReAT LanguageLanguage

! Pattern specification! Patterns with cardinality

! Graph transformation and rewrite! Create New Objects! Delete Objects! Modify Attributes

! High-level control flow! Hierarchy! Sequencing! Recursion! Branching


Pattern specification language & Pattern specification language & Pattern matchingPattern matching

! Time complexity is exponential in the number of pattern vertices and edges

! Optimization: start with at least one known vertex “pivoted pattern matching”

Pattern graph Host graph

T:T1

T:T2

T:T3


Graph transformation languageGraph transformation language

Find and deleteCreate New

Find

! Production (Rule)! Basic transformation entity! UML notation! Ports:

“Reusingpreviouslymatchedobjects”


Control Flow LanguageControl Flow Language

! Sequencing of rules necessary for efficiency! Explicit control flow! Simple semantics! Allows reasoning about

transformation

! Control Constructs! Sequencing! Branching! Hierarchical nesting! Recursion


GReATGReAT Tools:Tools:Transformation EngineTransformation Engine


GReATGReAT Tools:Tools:Code Generator (1/2)Code Generator (1/2)

! Transformation and the metamodels make up the invariant part of the transformation system

TransformationExecutable

Paradigm specific UDM API

Paradigm specific UDM API

10x-100xPERFORMANCE

GAIN


GReATGReAT Tools:Tools:Code Generator (2/2)Code Generator (2/2)

! Each rule is compiled into a C++ class! Ports are implemented with function argument list! Efficient pattern matching with “identity checks”! Quasi C++ syntax tree used to build the code


GReAT in ActionGReAT in Action

Matlab Simulink/ Stateflow to Hybrid Automata

Simulink Stateflow to C code

Hierarchical Concurrent State Machine (HCSM) to Finite State Machine (FSM)

KHORUS to GUDML

Hierarchical Data Flow (HDF) to Flat Data Flow (FDF)

Problem

~2.5K~2570/50Sandeep Neema

~5K~60154/43Aditya Agrawal

~500~821/5Aditya Agrawal

~500~819/10Abdullah Sowayan

~200~311/3Feng Shi

LOCMan hours

Primitive Rules #/ Compound Rules #

Hand codeGReAT

Developer


ConclusionConclusion

! In Domain Specific MDA there are many models & implementations:

Model Transformations are essential!! GReAT for model transformations

! A metamodel based transformation language using graph rewriting and transformations that support multiple graphs (that may belong to different domains) with an efficient implementation is suitable for the specification of model transformers.

! CG generates efficient code! Increase productivity

! Decrease the development time of model transformers


Closing RemarksClosing Remarks

Key PublicationsAgrawal A., Karsai G., Ledeczi A.: An End-to-End Domain-Driven Software Development Framework, 18th Annual ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA), Domain-Driven Development Track, Anaheim, CA, October, 2003.

Karsai G., Agrawal A., Shi F., Sprinkle J.: On the Use of Graph Transformations for the Formal Specification of Model Interpreters, Journal of Universal Computer Science, Special issue on Formal Specification of CBS, 2003.

Agrawal A., Karsai G., Shi F.: Graph Transformations on Domain-Specific Models, Technical report, ISIS, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 2003.

Vizhanyo A., Agrawal A., Shi F.: Towards Generation of High-performance Transformations, Generative Programming and Component Engineering, Vancouver, Canada, October 24, 2004.

GReAT and UDM Download URL:http://www.isis.vanderbilt.edu/projects/mobies/downloads.asp

a meta-model based model transformation tool: great and

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