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A MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

OF DERIVATIONAL AFFIX IN SHORT STORY

OF THE HAPPY PRINCE

PUBLICATION ARTICLE

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for GettingBachelor Degree of Education

in English Department

by:

ACHIRA PUTRI ACTAVINE

A 320 100 108

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2014

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A MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

OF DERIVATIONAL AFFIX IN SHORT STORY

OF THE HAPPY PRINCE

Achira Putri Actavine

English Department, FKIP-UMS

Jl. A. YaniPabelanKartasuraTromolPos 1 Surakarta 57102

Telp.(0271) 717417 Fax. (0271) 715448

ACHIRA PUTRI ACTAVINE, A 320100108, A MORPHOLOGICAL

ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL AFFIX IN SHORT STORY OF THE

HAPPY PRINCE, MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA,

2014

Abstract: This research paper elaborates a morphological analysis of

derivational affix in short story of the Happy Prince. The objectives of research

are to describe the types of derivational affixes and the functions of those of

derivational affixes in short story of the Happy Prince.

The researcher employs the descriptive qualitative research as a type of the

research. The data sources consist of short story of the Happy Prince. The method

of collecting data is reading completely the short story of the Happy Prince,

classifying the word or sentences in every short story and writing the derivation

affix.The technique of analysis data is comparing method.

The results of the study are as follows. First types of derivational affixes

found in short story of The Happy Prince. Prefix data appear in different form of

prefix, such as Un-, Re-, and Em-. While in suffix data appear in certain form,

such as –or + -s, -ful, -er+ -s, -ly, -able, -ship, -ment, -ing, -en, -ly + -est, -ish + -

ly, and –er. The total data of prefixes in The Happy Prince short story are 3

data,they consist of Unpractical, Remarks, and Embalmed. The total data of

suffixes in The Happy Prince short story are 197 data,they consist of Councilors,

Wonderful, Courtiers, Listlessly, Sensible, Courtship, Attachment, Flirting,

Golden, Loveliest, Weighing, Feverishly, Gently, and Tumbler.

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A. INTRODUCTION

Morphology is a study about morphemes and how to combine

morpheme to be a word. In morphology, we are going to learn about the

details of the structure a word, the structure of words, affixes, and analysis.

In the study of morphology, the coverage in morphology is the difference

between lexical items and word, morpheme and morphology,

monomorpheme and polymorphenic, allomorph, root: base: stem of a

word, the process of inflection, all of the coverage that exists in the

derivation, blending and compounding.Morphology is the identification,

analysis and description of the structure of a given

language's morphemes and other linguistic units, such as root

words, affixes, parts of speech, intonation/stress, or implied context (words

in a lexicon are the subject matter of lexicology). (Oxford Advance

Learner”s Dictionary of Current English).

The examples of derivational affixes those are found in short story of

The Happy Prince:

1) Discussion

Noun

Verb Suffix

Discuss -ion

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Discussion consists of two morphemes. They are the base

morpheme „discuss„ and the bound morpheme „-ion‟. Morpheme of

“discussion” belongs to verb category, while morpheme „-ion‟ is suffix.

Discussion (N), Discuss(V), + -ion. It is derivational affix, because the

verb category changes the grammatical category from the verb into noun.

2) Performance

Noun

Verb Suffix

Perform - ance

Performance consists of two morphemes. They are the base

morpheme „perform‟ and the bound morpheme „-ance‟. Morpheme of

“perform” belongs to verb category, while morpheme „-ance‟ is suffix.

Performance (N), Perform (V), + -ance. It is derivational affix, because the

verb category changes the grammatical category from the verb into noun.

3) Improvement

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Noun

Verb Suffix

Improve -ment

Improvement consists of two morphemes. They are the base

morpheme „improve‟ and the bound morpheme „-ment‟. Improvement (N),

Improve (V), + -ment. It is derivational affix, becausechange the class or

category of the words.

Why the writer chooses the title because the writer

thinksderivational affix is very important to explain because if everyone

knows about the meaning derivational affix in any texts make more

interestabout learning what the meaning of the texts.

B. RESEARCH METHOD

In this research, the writer takes a certain procedure covering fives steps.

Thesteps are the type of reseacrh, object of the reseacrh, the data and source of

data, method of collecting data, and method for analyzing data.

C.RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION

The researcher analyzes the types of derivational affixes and the functions of

derivational affixes in The Happy Prince short story and the last is discussion..

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1. Type of Derivational Affixes in The Happy Prince Short Story

a. Prefix

A prefix is attached in front of/to the front of its base, for

example: re-play, de-activate, il-legal, in-accurate.While in The

Happy Prince short story, there are several prefix appears in The

Happy Prince Short Story such as (un-), (re-), and (em-) and it can be

seen below.

1) Prefix (-en)

(01/THP2/p.17/DP: -en)

I am quite happy, and all my flowers are doing well I am afraid I

had rather a hard time of it, and I am afraid that I can not enlarge

my experience in it, but now the spring has come, and I am quite

happy, and all my flowers are doing well

Enlarge (V), (en-) + large (Adj)

Enlarge belongs to derivational prefix where it consists of

large as a base morpheme and en- as a bound morpheme. The word

enlarge based on the above data belongs to de derivational affix

because prefix en- that changes the class or category adj into verb.

2) Prefix (em-)

(02/THP2/p.17/DP: -em)

Enlarge (v)

-en Large(Adj)

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I really had no money at all to buy bread with, it’s like the winter

embalmed my feet

Embalmed (V), (em-) + balm (N) + (-ed)

The word Embalmed it consists of balm as a base

morpheme and em- and -ed as a bound morpheme.

Process of derivation by added prefix em-, it changes the

meaning of the base morpheme from balm (N) means „the thing

related with medicine on cream which is hot‟ into embalmed (V)

means „doing the activity using balm‟.

b. Suffix

A suffix is attached to the end of its base, e.g : vivid-ly, govern-

ment, hunt-er, kind-ness. While in The Happy Prince short story, there

are several suffix appears in The Happy Prince Short Story such as (-or

+ s), (-able), (-ful), (-ship) (-ment), and (-ing), (-en), (-er + s), (-est), (-

ish + ly), (-ly), and (-er), it can be seen below.

Embalmed (V)

Em-

(prefix)

Balmed

Balm (N) -ed

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1) Suffix (-able)

(03/THP1/p.1/DS: -able)

'Why can't you be like the Happy Prince?' asked a sensible mother

of her little boy who was crying for the moon.

Sensible (adj), sense (N), + -able

Sensible marked from sense as a base morpheme and -able

as a bound morpheme.

The sensible belongs to derivational affix because suffix –

able change the class or category of noun into adj. The words

sense and suffix –able change the meaning of the base morpheme

beside, from sense (N) means „everything related with human

sensory‟ into sensible „the same meaning with wise for human‟.

Comfortable (Adj)

N suffix

Comfort -able

Adj

Noun Suffix

sense able

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2) Sufix (-ful)

(04/THP2/p.14/DS: -ful)

And nothing gave him greater pleasure than to listen to all the

wonderful things the Miller used to say about the unselfishness of

true friendship

Wonderful (Adj), wonder (N), + -ful

The word Wonderful consists of wonder as a base

morpheme of wonder and -ful as a bound morpheme.

Process of derivation by added suffix –ful, it changes the

meaning of the base morpheme from wonder (N) means „the

feeling that tries to find out something or similar with the curiosity‟

into wonderful means „great or amazing‟.

3) Sufix (-ful)

(04/THP2/p.2/DS: -ful)

And nothing gave him greater pleasure than to listen to all the

wonderful things the Miller used to say about the unselfishness of

true friendship

Beautiful (Adj), Beauty (N), + -ful

Beautiful marked from beauty as a base morpheme and -ful

as a bound morpheme.

Adj

N Suffix

Wonder ful

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Beautiful (Adj)

N suffix

Beauty -full

The beautiful belongs to derivational affix because suffix –

ful change the class or category of (N) into (Adj).

4) Suffix (-ment)

(06/THP2/p.19/DS: -ment)

You are welcome to all the flowers in my garden. This is a symbol

of my attachment.

Attachment (N), attach (v), + -ment

The word Attachment consists of attach as a base

morpheme and -ment as a bound morpheme.

The word attachment belongs to derivational affix because

suffix –ment change the class or category of verb into noun. The

words attach and suffix -ment change the meaning of the base

morpheme besides, from attach (Verb) means „the human activity

to defeat something in a rude way‟ into attachtment (N) means „the

name of additional equipment‟.

N

V Suffix

Attach ment

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2. Function of Derivational Affixes in The Happy Prince Short Story

The function of certain derivational affixes is to create new base

forms (new stems) that other derivational or inflectional affixes can attach

to. While in The Happy Prince short story there several affixes with their

own function and it can be seen below.

a. Noun Formation

1. Suffix –ment

(06/THP2/p.5/DS: -ment)

Attach (V) + -ment = Attachment (N)

Suffix -ment in Attachment creates noun from verb. There

is a change within the form of the word, where derivational sufix (-

ment) creates new member for a given part of speech class. It has a

different meaning of the base morpheme.

2. Suffix –ion

(14/THP1/P.11/DS: -ion)

Proclaim (V)+ -ion= Proclamation (N)

Suffix –ion is bound morpheme, the result must combine with

base morpheme proclaim(v). This condition can changes the word

class from verb into noun.

b. Adjective Formation

1) Suffix –able

(03/THP1/p.1/DS: -able)

Sense (N)+ -able= Sensible(Adj)

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The suffix -able creates adjective from noun. There is a

form changes from the base sense and get suffix -able. This

derivational suffix also creates new member for a given part of

speech class. It has a different meaning of the base morpheme.

2) Suffix –ful

(04/THP2/p.2/DS: -ful)

Beauty(N)+ -ful= Beautiful(Adj)

Suffix -ful creates adjective from noun. There is a form

changes from the base beauty and get suffix -ful. This derivational

suffix also creates new member for a given part of speech class. It

has a different meaning of the base morpheme.

3. Suffix –en

(13/THP1/P.10/DS: -en)

Lead(V)+ -en= Leaden(Adj)

Suffix -en creates adjective from verb. There is a form

changes from the base Lead and get suffix -en. This derivational

suffix also creates new member for a given part of speech class. It

has a different meaning of the base morpheme

4. Suffix –ous

(28/THP2/P.26/DS: -ous)

Danger(N)+ -ous= Dangerous(Adj)

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Suffix –ous is bound morpheme, the result must combine

with base morpheme danger(N). This condition can changes the

word class from Noun into Adj.

c. Verb Formation

1) Prefix (en-)

(01/THP2/p.4/DP: -en)

(En-) + Large (Adj)= Enlarge(V)

Prefix -en creates Verb from Adj. There is a form change

from the base Lead and get prefix (en-). This derivational prefix

also creates new member for a given part of speech class. It has a

different meaning of the base morpheme.

2) Suffix –en

(14/THP1/P.11/DS: -en)

Fall(N)+ -en= Fallen(V)

Suffix -en creates verb from noun. There is a form changes

from the base fall and get suffix -en. This derivational suffix also

creates new member for a given part of speech class. It has a

different meaning of the base morpheme

d. Adverb Formation

1) Suffi –ly

(16/THP2/P.13/DS: -ly)

Extreme(Adj)+ -ly= extremely(adv)

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Suffix -ly creates adverb from adjective. There is a form

changes from the base extreme and get suffix -ly. This derivational

suffix also creates new member for a given part of speech class. It

has a different meaning of the base morpheme.

2) Suffix –ly

(19/THP2/P.17/DS: -ly)

Love(N)+ -ly= Lovely(Adv)

Suffix –ly is part of derivational process. Suffix –ly attached

in the end of words. It changes the word class from noun into

adverb.

3) Suffix –ly

(22/THP2/P.20/DS: -ly)

Brave(Adj)+ -ly= Bravely(Adv)

Suffix -ly creates adverb from adjective. There is a form

changes from the base brave and get suffix -ly. This derivational

suffix also creates new member for a given part of speech class. It

has a different meaning of the base morpheme.

4) Suffix –ly

(25/THP2/P.23/DS: -ly)

Scarce(Adj) + -ly= Scarcely(Adv)

Suffix –ly is bound morpheme, the result must combine with

base morpheme scarce (N). This condition can changes the word

class from adjective into adverb.

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D. This chapter is the last chapter where it is the result of the analysis related

with the type of derivational affixes in The Happy Prince short story and the

function of derivational affixes in the happy prince short story. It consists of

conclusion and suggestion

1. Conclusion

In The Happy Prince short story there are affixes used in two types,

prefixes and suffixes. There are not infixes found in The Happy Prince short

story. The prefix data appear in different form of prefix, such as Un-, Re-, and

Em-. While in suffix data appear in certain form, such as –or + -s, -ful, -er+ -

s, -ly, -able, -ship, -ment, -ing, -en, -ly + -est, -ish + -ly, and –er. The total

data of prefixes in The Happy Prince short story are 3 data,they consist of

Unpractical, Remarks, and Embalmed. The total data of suffixes in The Happy

Prince short story are 200 data,they consist of Beautiful, Wonderful,

Courtiers, Listlessly, Sensible, Courtship, Attachment, Golden, Loveliest,

Feverishly, Gently, and Tumbler.

2. Suggestion

a. For the Readers

They can practice analyzing the used of affixation in the different short

story.

b. For the other Researchers

They can study further about affixation viewed from prefix, suffix and

infixes.

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c. For the Teacher

They can explain about the affixation including derivational and

inflectional affixes, so that they can use it in the teaching – learning

process.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Katamba, Francis. 1993. Morphology. The Macmillan Press: London.

Katamba, Francis. 1998. English Words. Rout Ledge: London and New York.

Picket Velma and Elson Benjamin, 1962. An Introduction to Morphology and

Syntax .Summer Institute of Linguistics: California.

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VIRTUAL REFERENCE

http://www.eastoftheweb.com/short-stories/UBooks/HapPri.shtml