a new cave pseudoscorpion from the region of mangalia ... · a new cave pseudoscorpion from the...

Arch. Biol. Sci., Belgrade, 66 (2), 955-961, 2014 DOI:10.2298/ABS1402955C

955

A New CAve PseudosCorPioN from the regioN of mANgAliA (romANiA): Chthonius (EphippioChthonius) borisskEti N. sP. (ChthoNiidAe,

PseudosCorPioNes)

B. P. M. ĆurčIĆ1, S. M. SArBu2, r. N. DIMItrIjevIĆ1 and S. B. ĆurčIĆ1

1 Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 2 Grupul de Explorãri Subacvatice şi Speologice, 010986 Bucureşti, Romania

Abstract: Only two species of Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Chthoniidae) are presently known from Dobruja, roma-nia. Among these one should mention Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus (Preyssler) (not endemic) and C. (E.) scythicus Georgescu & Cãpuşe (endemic). A new cave species belonging to the genus Chthonius — Chthonius (Ephippioch-thonius) borissketi Ćurčić and Sarbu n. sp., is described from a well nr. Movile Cave, Mangalia, romania and is endemic to the area studied. Its taxonomic relationships with phenetically close congeners, as well as its comparative morphological traits, are described in detail.

Key words: Pseudoscorpions, Chthoniidae, Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) borissketi n. sp., endemism, Movile Cave, Do-bruja, romania.

INtrODuCtION

The Dobruja Plateau comprises two distinct parts: the northern part, “root of some very old mountains, heavily eroded to the dimensions of mere hills, and the southern part, of lower altitude and more even re-lief ” (Ćurčić and Decu, 2004-2005). The Southern Dobruja tableland is lower and comprised of rocks that are an integral part of the pre-Balkan Platform. The superficial geological formation (Sarmatian sed-iments with predominating limestone and covering layer of loess) is tabularly arranged, accounting for the monotonous relief forms, canyon-like valleys, the depressions of the Negru vodã tableland, as well as for the cliffs of the Black Sea coast and the steep bank of the Danube river. In general, the altitude of this tableland does not rise above 200 m.

The Southern Dobruja region (southwest-ern romania) provides the ideal locality for exam-ining sulphidic locations, as it has a sulphidic aq-uifer that can be accessed through artificial wells, springs and the Movile Cave. Discovered in 1986, Movile Cave was the first terrestrial chemoau-totrophic ecosystem described (Sarbu and Popa 1992; Sarbu et al. 1996; Sarbu 2000; Flot et al. 2013) and is one of the most thoroughly studied to date. It harbors eight pseudoscorpion species (Ćurčić and Decu 2004-2005), of which Chthoni-us (Chthonius) decoui Georgescu & Cãpuşe, C. (C.) ionicus (Bayer), C. (C.) monicae Boghean, C. (C.) motasi Dumitrescu & Orghidan, Chthonius (Ephip-piochthonius) scythicus Georgescu & Cãpuşe, C. (E.) tetrachelatus (Preyssler), C. (E.) borissketi Ćurčić & Sarbu, and Chthonius (Globochthonius) vandelli

956 B. P. M. ĆurčIĆ et AL.

figs. 1 – 7. Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) borissketi n. sp., holotype male, from romania; 1 – pedipalpal chela, 2 – pedipalp, 3 – che-licera, 4 – carapace, 5 – coxae I-Iv, 6 – leg Iv, 7 – male genital area. Scale lines = 0.50 mm (Figs. 1, 2, 4, and 6) and 0.25 mm (Figs. 3, 5, and 7).

A New CAve PSeuDOSCOrPION FrOM the reGION OF MANGALIA: ChthonIUS (EphIppIoChthonIUS) BoRISSKEtI 957

table 1. Linear measurements (in millimeters) and morphometric ratios in Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) borissketi n. sp., C. (E.) scythicus Georgescu & Cãpuşe, C. (E.) timacensis B. Ćurčić & Stojanović, C. (E.) metohicus B. Ćurčić, and C. (E.) tetrachelatus (Preyssler). Abbreviations: M = male, MM = males.

C. (E.) borissketi n. sp. C. (E.) scythicus C. (E.) timacensis C. (E.) metohicus C. (E.) tetrachelatus

M M M MM MMCharacter

BodyLength (1) 1.38 1.11 1.42 1.41 1.11-1.13

CephalothoraxLength (2) 0.40 0.49 0.39 0.38-0.41 0.33-0.35

Breadth (2a) 0.35 0.43 0.315 0.36-0.39 0.34-0.36ratio 2/2a 1.14 1.14 1.24 1.05-1.06 1.03-1.11Abdomen

Length 0.98 0.75 1.03 1.00-1.03 -CheliceraeLength (3) 0.315 0.28 0.315 0.33 0.28Breadth (4) 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.15-0.16 0.13

Length of movable finger (5) 0.17 0.13 0.17 0.16-0.18 0.14-0.15ratio 3/5 1.85 2.15 1.85 1.83-2.06 1.87-2.00ratio 3/4 2.25 2.15 2.10 2.06-2.20 2.15Pedipalps

Length with coxa (6) 1.88 1.31 1.86 2.04 1.61-1.70ratio 6/1 1.36 1.18 1.31 1.45 1.45-1.50

Length of coxa 0.305 0.08 0.305 0.33-0.34 0.21-0.22Length of trochanter 0.14 0.10 0.14 0.11-0.16 0.14-0.15Length of femur (7) 0.50 0.41 0.51 0.56-0.58 0.43-0.45Breadth of femur (8) 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09

ratio 7/8 5.555 5.13 5.67 6.22-6.44 4.78-5.00ratio 7/2 1.25 1.14 1.31 1.365-1.53 1.23-1.36

Length of patella (tibia) (9) 0.21 0.13 0.20 0.21-0.22 0.18-0.20Breadth of patella (tibia) (10) 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.10 -

ratio 9/10 2.10 1.30 2.50 2.10-2.20 -Length of chela (11) 0.725 0.60 0.705 0.77-0.80 0.65-0.68Breadth of chela (12) 0.13 - 0.18 0.12-0.13 0.11-0.12

ratio 11/12 5.58 - 3.92 6.15-6.42 5.67-5.91Length of chelal palm (13) 0.305 0.24 0.305 0.34-0.37 0.26-0.28

ratio 13/12 2.35 - 1.69 2.83-2.85 2.33-2.36Length of chelal finger (14) 0.42 0.36 0.40 0.43 0.39-0.40

ratio 14/13 1.38 1.50 1.31 1.16-1.26 1.43-1.50Leg Iv

total length 1.655 1.25 1.06 1.695-1.715 -Length of coxa 0.23 0.18 0.21 0.21 -

Length of trochanter (15) 0.16 0.12 0.17 0.16-0.17 0.15Breadth of trochanter (16) 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.10 -

ratio 15/16 2.00 1.50 1.70 1.60-1.70 -Length of femur + patella (17) 0.47 - 0.47 0.49-0.50 -Breadth of femur + patella (18) 0.19 - 0.20 0.21-0.22 -

ratio 17/18 2.47 - 2.35 2.27-2.33 2.05-2.10Length of tibia (19) 0.305 0.22 0.305 0.315 -Breadth of tibia (20) 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.07-0.08 -

ratio 19/20 4.36 3.14 3.81 3.94-4.50 -Length of metatarsus (21) 0.16 0.12 0.14 0.18 0.14-0.15Breadth of metatarsus (22) 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05-0.06 -

ratio 21/22 3.20 2.00 2.33 3.00-3.60 -Length of tarsus (23) 0.33 0.25 0.34 0.34 0.25-0.27Breadth of tarsus (24) 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 -

ratio 23/24 11.00 8.33 8.50 11.33 -tS ratio - tibia Iv 0.53 - 0.53 0.48-0.515 -

tS ratio - metatarsus Iv 0.34 - 0.36 0.34-0.39 -tS ratio - tarsus Iv 0.28 - 0.33 0.48 -


Dumitrescu & Orghidan, occur in wells, springs, and caves in the surrounding area. Our aims in this study were to (i) characterize the newly discovered pseudoscorpion and (ii) compare it phenetically with its close congeners. The new species described in this paper is an ancient endemic form inhabiting a well close to the Movile Cave (Dobruja) in south-eastern romania.

Setal designations follow Beier (1963)

SySteMAtIC PArt

Chthoniidae Daday, 1888

Chthonius C. L. Koch, 1843

ChthonIUS (EphIppIoChthonIUS) BoRISSKEtI

Ćurčić & Sarbu, New Species (Figs. 1-7, table 1)

etymology: After Academician Boris Sket, Ljubljana (Slovenia) in honour of his great achievements in the field of world biospeleology.

material examined: holotype male, from the well Mecu # 51, nr. Mangalia, romania, collected by one of us (SMS) on May 2013.

description: The carapace is longer than broad, and its anterior border is wider than the posterior border (Fig. 4, table 1). The anterior eyes (with flat lenses) are distant and lie about a diameter from the anterior carapacal border. The posterior eyes are small, eye-spot-like, and are removed by about half a distance from the anterior eyes (Fig. 4). The anterior border carries no differentiated epistome, although there are tiny denticulations, particularly between two ante-rior and median setae (Fig. 4).

The carapace carries 18 setae arranged in five rows – 4 anterior, 6 ocular, 4 median, 2 intermedian,

map 1. - The type locality of Chthonius (ephippiochthonius) borissketi n. sp. (marked with a red six-pointed star) from nr. Mangalia, romania.


and 2 posterior setae. There are two small preocular setae on each carapacal side (Fig. 4).

The number of setae carried on the abdominal tergites I – X of the holotype male can be expressed as 2 – 4 – 4 – 4 – 6 – 6 – 6 – 6 – 6 – 6. The sternite II of the male carries 12 small setae. The following sternite is deeply grooved in the form of v and on its interior face carries 14 (7 + 7) setae (Fig. 7). In addition, there is a transverse row of 10 setae on the posterior border of this sternite, the median pair of which are placed at the base of a v-shaped opening; anterior to each stigma, there are three microsetae. Sternite Iv has 10 posterior setae and 2 suprastigmatic microsetae on either side. Sternite v carries 8 marginal setae, ster-nite vI – 6, sternite vII – 6, sternite vIII – 6, ster-nite IX – 6, and sternite X – 6 posterior setae. The male carries two pairs of small setae on the twelfth abdominal segment.

Female genital area: unknown.

The cheliceral spinneret (galea) is not distinc-tive (Fig. 3). There seems to be no isolated tooth on the movable cheliceral finger. The first large tooth is contiguous with a series of smaller teeth that end below the insertion site of the galeal seta (gl). On the fixed finger, the teeth extend slightly back, di-minishing in size, below those on the movable fin-ger (Fig. 3).

The movable cheliceral finger carries one large seta and five or six long setae on the palm of the che-licera. In addition, two small accessory setae are car-ried exterior to vb. The movable finger is longer than the cheliceral breadth and the ratio of chelal length to breadth is 1.85 (table 1). The flagellum consists of nine blades. The most distal members of the se-ries are curved, but all, to some extent, are pinnate on two sides.

The coxae of the pedipalps each carry six setae: three at the anterior end and three on the posterior border of the trochantic foramen. The femur is 5.67 times longer than its breadth and 1.34 times longer than the carapace (table 1). The patella is tulip-like

and its distal end is slightly broader than the pedipal-pal femur (Fig. 3).

Four trichobothria are carried on the movable and eight on the fixed pedipalpal chelal fingers (Figs. 1 and 2). The contour of the chelal palm on the dor-sal side is depressed in front of trichobothria ib and isb. The teeth of the fixed finger (17) are distributed evenly along its inner length; these are triangular and interspaced. The movable finger has 12 teeth that re-semble the dentition of the fixed finger. Proximally, the teeth decrease in size until the last six are small eruptions at the base of the finger (Fig. 1). The mov-able finger has a pronounced apodeme.

Apex of pedipalpal coxa carries 2 long setae. Ped-al coxae I each carry 3 setae, pedal coxae II – 4 setae, pedal coxae III – 5 and pedal coxae Iv – 6 setae. The pedal coxa II carries 9-10 spines medially, coxa III has 5 spines. Intercoxal tubercle carries 2 small setae (Fig. 5).

The measurements of the different podomeres of the leg Iv, as well as the tactile setae ratios, are pre-sented in table 1. tibia Iv, metatarsus Iv, and tarsus Iv each carry a long tactile seta (Fig. 6, table 1). The claws are slender, smooth and sickle-shaped.

differential diagnosis: From its phonetically closest congener, Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) scythicus, the new species differs in many important respects: in the shape of all appendages, in body size, pedipalpal dentition, number of coxal spines, tergal and sternal setation, as well as in numerous morphometric ratios and linear measurements of various structures.

remarks: The diversity of the pseudoscorpions ana-lyzed precludes a simplified treatment of its ecology. we are still discovering and establishing, as in this paper, a number of microhabitats of soil pseudo-scorpions in these ecosystems (Ćurčić 1988, 2013; Ćurčić et al. 1993, 2004, 2012a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, 2013a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 2014a, b, c, d; hadži 1937). The mechanisms of habitat separation are many and different. The diversity of the pseudoscorpions of the soil fauna can be viewed as the totality of the various


effects, although it is clear that the indicated effects operate more restrictively and selectively on the level of individual populations.

The type locality of C. (E.) borissketi n. sp. (well Mecu # 31) is found approximately 1.3 km to the east of the Movile Cave, in Mangalia. This particular well is about 14 m deep. The first 6 meters were dug through soil and quaternary deposits. From -6 m to the water level, the well passes through Sarmatian limestone (12 My).

The pseudoscorpion sample was collected at the bottom of the Mecu # 31 well, at about 50 cm above the water surface, from a rock ledge covered with clay. just above the water surface, the lime-stones are well fractured and show signs of karstic dissolution, similar to the walls of the Movile Cave at the water level. Small cave-like passages are vis-ible but they are too small to be explored. how-ever, it is very likely that these fractures and small passages are connected to other spaces within the limestones forming a network that may be very ex-tensive. Similar karstification can be seen in sev-eral other old wells in Mangalia and we assume that some of these wells are interconnected and the terrestrial fauna can thus move between wells. Presumably in these passages, conditions similar to Movile Cave should be found, where the fauna finds a rich supply of food produced by chemoau-totrophic sulfur and methane-oxidizing bacteria (Serban pers. comm.).

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by Grant No. 173038 from the Serbian Ministry of education, Science, and technological Development.

reFereNCeS

Beier M. 1963. Ordnung Pseudoscorpionidea (Afterskorpione). In: Bestimmungsbücher zur Bodenfauna europas, vol. 1. - Akademie verlag, Berlin, 313 p.

Ćurčić B. P. M. 1988. Cave-Dwelling Pseudoscorpions of the Dinaric Karst. - Acad. Sci. Art. Slov., Cl. Iv, hist. Nat., Op-era 26, Inst. Biol. Ioannis hadži, 8, Ljubljana, 1-192.

Ćurčić B. P. M. 2013. On two new genera of pseudoscorpions (Chthoniidae, Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones) from the

Northern Mediterranean. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 65 (2): 151-159.

Ćurčić B. P. M., v. Decu 2004-2005. The pseudoscorpions of Dobrogea: from origins to the present and perspectives. travaux de l’Instut de Spéologie «Émile Racovitza», Xliii-Xliv: 35-44.

Ćurčić B. P. M., G. O. jr. Poinar and S. M. Sarbu 1993. New and little-known species of Southern Dobrogea, romania. Bijdragen Dierkunde, 63 (4): 221-241.

Ćurčić B. P. M., r. N. Dimitrijević and A. Legakis 2004. The Pseudoscorpions of Serbia, Montenegro, and the repub-lic of Macedonia. Monographs, 8. - Institute of Zoology – Faculty of Biology – university of Belgrade, hellenic Zoological Society, Committee for Karst and Speleology – Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute of Nature Conservation of the republic of Serbia, Belgrade-Athens, 400 p.

Ćurčić B. P. M., S. e. Makarov, S. B. Ćurčić, t. rađa, v. t. tomić and B. S. Ilić 2012a. A new rare representative of Microchthonius hadži (Chthoniidae, Pseudoscorpiones) from Dalmatia, Croatia. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 64 (3): 229-234.

Ćurčić B. P. M., r. N. Dimitrijević, t. rađa, S. e. Makarov, and B. S. Ilić 2012b. Archaeoroncus, a new genus of pseu-doscorpions from Croatia (Pseudoscorpiones, Neobisii-dae), with descriptions of two new species. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 64 (4): 333-340.

Ćurčić B. P. M., D. Z. Stojanović, B. S. Ilić and N. B. čurćić 2012c. Roncus ivansticae (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones), a new epigean species from eastern Serbia. Archives of Bio-logical Sciences, Belgrade, 64 (1): 371-377.

Ćurčić B. P. M., S. e. Makarov, S. B. Ćurčić, D. Ž. Antić, and r. N. Dimitrijević 2012d. A new soil pseudoscor-pion, Roncus ursi n. sp., from western Serbia (Neobisii-dae, Pseudoscorpiones). Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 64 (1): 379-384.

Ćurčić B. P. M., r. N. Dimitrijević, v. t. tomić, M. Pecelj, B. S. Ilić, S. e. Makarov, N. B. Ćurčić and S. Pešić 2012e. A new epigean false scorpion: Roncus sumadijae n. sp. (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones) from the Balkan Penin-sula (western Serbia). Archives of Biological Sciences, Bel-grade, 64 (2): 703-708.

Ćurčić B. P. M., r. N. Dimitrijević, t. rađa and M. Milinčić 2012f. Chthonius (Chthonius) makirina (Chthoniidae, Pseudoscorpiones), a new species from Croatia. Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 64 (2): 709-714.

Ćurčić B. P. M., r. N. Dimitrijević and D. Z. Stojanović 2012g. A new epigean pseudoscorpion from east Serbia: Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) timacensis n. sp. (Chthoni-


idae, Pseudoscorpiones). Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 64 (3): 1093-1098.

Ćurčić B. P. M., t. rađa, r. N. Dimitrijević and S. B. Ćurčić 2012h. On two new cave pseudoscorpions from Dalma-tia, Croatia (Chthoniidae and Neobisiidae, Pseudoscor-piones). Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 64 (3): 1099-1108.

Ćurčić B. P. M., t. rađa and r. N. Dimitrijević 2012i. On two new cave pseudoscorpions, Chthonius (Chthonius) pagus n. sp. (Chthoniidae) and Roncus navalia (Neobisiidae), from the Island of Pag, Croatia. Archives of Biological Sci-ences, Belgrade, 64 (4): 1555-1565.

Ćurčić B. P. M., S. e. Makarov, t. rađa, B. S. Ilić and D. Ž. Antić 2012j. Roncus meledae n. sp. and neobisium ocula-tum n. sp., from the Island of Mljet, Dalmatia (Neobisii-dae, Pseudoscorpiones). Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 64 (4): 1567-1576.

Ćurčić B. P. M., t. rađa, S. B. Ćurčić, B. S. Ilić, v. t. tomić, and S. e. Makarov 2013a. Microchthonius elegantissimus n. sp., a new troglobitic pseudoscorpion (Chthoniidae, Pseudoscorpiones) from Croatia. Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 65 (1): 405-410.

Ćurčić B. P. M., r. N. Dimitrijević, S. e. Makarov, S. B. Ćurčić, v. t. tomić, D. Ž. Antić, B. S. Ilić and N. B. Ćurčić 2013b. Roncus radgost n. sp., R. jarevid n. sp., and R. crnobog n. sp., three new cave-dwellers from eastern Serbia. Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 65 (2): 751-760.

Ćurčić B. P. M., t. rađa, S. e. Makarov, r. N. Dimitrijević, S. B. Ćurčić and B. S. Ilić 2013c. On the identity of types of Roncus diocletiani Ćurčić, Dimitrijević & rađa and Ar-chaeoroncus tenuis (hadži) (Pseudoscorpiones, Neobisii-dae) from Croatia. Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 65 (2): 761-766.

Ćurčić B. P. M., t. rađa, r. N. Dimitrijević, S. B. Ćurčić, N. B. Ćurčić and S. e. Makarov 2013d. A new cave pseu-doscorpion from Dalmatia – Microchthonius tragurion n. sp. (Chthoniidae, Pseudoscorpiones). Archives of Biologi-cal Sciences, Belgrade, 65 (3): 1253-1259.

Ćurčić B. P. M., t. rađa, r. N. Dimitrijević, S. B. Ćurčić, N. B. Ćurčić and B. S. Ilić 2013e. neobisium crucis n. sp. and neobisium pluzinensis n. sp., two new cave-dwellers from Montenegro (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones). Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 65 (3): 1261-1267.

Ćurčić B. P. M., S. e. Makarov, N. B. Ćurčić, S. B. Ćurčić and v. t. tomić 2013f. Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) rhizon n. sp.: A new cave false scorpion from the Bay of Kotor (Chthoniidae, Pseudoscorpiones). Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 65 (4): 1547-1551.

Ćurčić B. P. M., r. N. Dimitrijević, S. B. Ćurčić, S. e. Ma-karov, N. B. Ćurčić, v. t. tomić and B. S. Ilić 2013g. Chthonius (Globochthonius) montis n. sp.: A new epigean pseudoscorpion from Montenegro (Chthoniidae, Pseu-doscorpiones). Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 65 (4): 1553-1558.

Ćurčić B. P. M., t. rađa, B. rađa, r. N. Dimitrijević, v. t. tomić and B. S. Ilić 2013h. A new cave pseudoscorpion from the Adriatic Isle of Šolta (Dalmatia): Microchthonius solentanus n. sp. (Chthoniidae, Pseudoscorpiones). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 65 (3): 283-288.

Ćurčić B. P. M., t. rađa, r. N. Dimitrijević, S. B. Ćurčić, S. e. Makarov, D. Ž. Antić and B. S. Ilić 2014a. A new pseudoscorpion from Bosnia: Roncus bosniensis n. sp. (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones). Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 66 (1): 363-368.

Ćurčić B. P. M., r. N. Dimitrijević, v. t. tomić, S. e. Ma-karov, N. B. Ćurčić and S. B. Ćurčić 2014b. Biodiversity of Roncus L. Koch in Montenegro – Roncus teutae n. sp. from Mt. Orjen (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones). Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 66 (1): 369-376.

Ćurčić B. P. M., t. rađa, r. N. Dimitrijević, S. B. Ćurčić, N. B. Ćurčić and S. e. Makarov 2014c. On two new cave species of pseudoscorpions (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpi-ones) from herzegovina and Dalmatia. Archives of Biologi-cal Sciences, Belgrade, 66 (1): 377-384

Ćurčić B. P. M., t. rađa, r. N. Dimitrijević, S. B. Ćurčić, N. B. Ćurčić, S. e. Makarov and B. S. Ilić 2014d. Micro-chthonius kasteli n. sp. (Chthoniidae, Pseudoscorpiones) – a new cave false scorpion from Croatia (Dalmatia). Ar-chives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 66 (1): 435-441.

Flot j.-F., j. Bauermeister, t. Brad, A. hillebrand-voi-culescu, S. M. Sarbu and S. Dattagupta 2013. niphar-gus-Thiothrix associations may be widespread in sulphidic groundwater ecosystems: evidence from southeastern ro-mania. Molecular Ecology, DOI: 10.1111/mec.12461.

hadži j. 1937. Pseudoskorpioniden aus Südserbien. Glasnik Skopskog naučnog društva, Skopje, 18, 13-38.

Sarbu S. M. 2000. Movile Cave: a chemoautotrophically based groundwater ecosystem. – In: wilkens h, D. C. Culver and w. F. humphreys (eds.): ecosystems of the world. Subterranean ecosystems, Amsterdam (elsevier), 319-343.

Sarbu S. M., r. Popa 1992. A unique chemoautotrophically based cave ecosystem. – In: Camacho A. I. (ed.): The Nat-ural history of Biospeleology, Madrid (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales), 637-666.

Sarbu S. M., t. C. Kane and B. K. Kinkle 1996. A chemoau-totrophically based cave ecosystem. Science, 272: 1953-1955.

a new cave pseudoscorpion from the region of mangalia ... · a new cave pseudoscorpion from the...

Documents