Using APA Style Manualfor Scholarly Publishing

A painless guide to

In-Text Citations• Author(s) and year only

• Full citation in Reference List

• Parentheses & punctuation– A recent study of phonics-based instruction (Meade, 2006) compared

two separate groups…

– Meade (2006) examined the rate of spoken words to ….

(King, 2001) (King, 2001, p. 67)

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Two Authors: In-Text citation

• Family name of both authors and year

each time - except where there is a

repeated citation in the same paragraph.

(Siskel & Ebert, 2001, pp. 27-33)

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

3-5 Authors: In-Text citation

• Cite all authors the first time

• (then) in subsequent citations of this work

use the family name of the first author plus

„et al.‟ and the year.

(Fontenot, Benoit, and Duchene, 2005)

Next Cite: (Fontenot et al., 2005, p. 62)

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Six or more authors• Use only the family name of the first author plus

„et al.‟ in all citations including the first.

• Smith et al. (2007) reviewed organization of

Science textbooks at the elementary and high

school level.

• In the reference list, provide the family name and

initials of the first six authors, and shorten any

remaining authors to „et al.‟

(Jone et al., 2005, pp. 12-41)

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Corporate/Group/Government

Author: In-Text

(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2003)

Next Cite: (NIMH, 2003, p. 52)

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Direct quote in text

• QUOTE MUST BE LESS THAN 40 WORDS TO BE IN TEXT

WITH QUOTATION MARKS!!!

MORE THAN 40 WORDS? Then indent and single space as a

block quote (without quotation marks)

• p. = single page

• pp. = multiple pages

• Roosevelt (1941) suggested that “the President is not bound

by term limits” (p. 47). Tinnes, in a comprehensive overview of

the office of the President, argued that a “paradigm shift

occurred after WWII and the general public demanded term

limits at the highest levels of government” (pp. 49-53).

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

No author: In-Text• Shorten the title, and add the date

– Actual title: The benefits of an advanced

degree from Louisiana State University

(2007).

– Cite in text as: (“Advanced degrees at LSU,”

2007)…

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Personal communication: In-Text

• J. R. Tolkien (personal communication,

January 8, 1997)

– Examples: Conversation, email, letters

– This is not included in works cited

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Reference List Order• Alphabetical order by author

– Letter by letter: Daigle, B. A. precedes

Daigrepont, A. R.

– MacArthur is listed before McAllister

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Reference List Order: Same Author

• Smith, F. G. (2001).

• Smith, F. G. (2004).

• Smith, F. G. (2005).

• Sage, P. B. (2005).

• Sage, P. B., & Donahue, A. H. (2004).

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Reference List Order: Same First Author

• Ebert, H. N., Smith, M., & Alphonse, E. E. (2000)

• Ebert, H. N., & Zoey, M. Q. (1999)

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Publisher location/information• Publisher Location

– city and state (or province) and country if needed for clarity [Baton Rouge, La.; Paris, Texas, United States]

– Well known/Major cities, stand-alone:

New York, Chicago, London, Paris, Tokyo, Rome, Boston,…

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Reference List: Periodicals

Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (year).

Title of article. Title of Periodical, xxx(xx),

xxx-xxx.

Daigle, B., Allan, J., & Boudreaux, A. (2004).

Case study of technology application in a

special education setting. Journal of

Special Education, 79(5), 45-63.

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Sample book citation

• Daigle, J. (2007). A Dictionary of the Cajun language. Poitou, France: Maison-Coeur.

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Sample book citations

• Tate, C. A guide to phonics-based

instruction (2nd ed.). Chicago: Tee Rowe

Price & Sons, Inc.

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Reference List: Online Publication

• Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2000). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx, xxx-xxx. Retrieved month day, year, from source.

Jindal, B. (2007). Challenges for leadership: A guide to Louisiana politics. International Journal of Democratic Leadership, 55(3), 93-101. Retrieved July 4, 2007 from http://www.IJDL.com/39847912938475ldkfj

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

Periodical: Magazine

• Author, A., (year, month and date). Title of

article. Title of Magazine, Volume,

Pages.

Presented by Brent Daigle, Ph.D. (ABD)

The End