a panoramic view on ethno botanical,...

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Generalization of Scientific ResultsUSA, Michigan

www.journalofresearch.us¹ 1-2, January-February 2019 [email protected] Journal of Research

http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2573-5616-2019-1-7

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the scientific heritage of the Ferganafiqhschoolscholars in the field of the fiqh foundations (usul alfiqh). The scientific traditionsof this school are the least studied in the historical science of this region in the MiddleAges. The article touched upon the history of the emergence of decision-making methodsin various areas of the Islamic law foundations, as well as the place and importance of thepositions and points of view of Fergana school scholars in this matter.

Key words: Islam, Middle Ages, Muslim law, Fiqh, Muslim law fundamentals, Sharia,Maverannahr, manuscripts, sources, Fergana school.

A PANORAMIC VIEW ON ETHNO BOTANICAL,CHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND

HOMEOPATHIC USE OF AESCULUSHIPPOCASTANUM

Shifa Shaffique*1, Hafiz Muhammad Asif2, Haseeb Anwer1,Ghulam Hussain1, KhalilAhmed2, Sabira Sultana3

1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, GovernmentCollege University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

2. University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacyand Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,

Pakistan3. Department of eastern medicine, government college university

Faisalabad

LIFE SCIENCES

Manuscript info:Received December 18, 2018., Accepted December 23, 2018., Published February 20, 2019.

IntroductionAesculus hippocastanum is a plant

of family Hippocastanaceae foundin forests of South East Europe. It iscommonly known as 'Kastana andHorse chestnut to treat overexertionand cough by Turks and Greeks. Thecommon name come from the use

of seed of horse chestnut It is provedby Dr Cooley .it is use as traditionalmedicine especially use for thevaricose veins, enlargement ofprostate gland, rheumatism, painfulhemorrhoids accompanyingbackache and irritability and rectalcomplains[1].

Recommended citation: Shifa Shaffique, Hafiz Muhammad Asif, Haseeb Anwer, GhulamHussain, KhalilAhmed, Sabira Sultana. A PANORAMIC VIEW ON ETHNO BOTANICAL,CHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND HOMEOPATHIC USE OF AESCULUSHIPPOCASTANUM. 1-2. American Journal of Research P. 55-58 (2019).

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The raw horse chestnut areheaving poisonous effect, but afterspecial preparation to remove thetoxins it is harmless. An ancientsuperstition of caring a horse chestnutseed around in one's pocket toprevent or cure arthritis still existsin some countries [2].

The homeopathic mothertincture of aesculus is prepared byethanolic extraction of fresh seed ofAesculus Hippocastanum accordingto homeopathic pharmacopoeias.Aesculus hippocastanum is a largetree, growing to about 39 meter. Theleaves are with the 3-7 leaflets, eachleaflet is 13-30cm long. The flowersare usually white with the yellow topink blotch at the base of the petals.Usually 1-5 fruits are develop oneach panicle, the shall is green,spiky capsule containing one nut -like seed called conkers or horse-chestnut [3, 4].

Figure 1Plant ofAesculusHippocastanum

Taxonomic classificationKingdom PlantaeOder SapindalesFamily SapindaceaeGenus Aesculus

Species A.hippocastanumScientific name:Aesculus hippocastanumCommon name:Kastana.Horse chestnut.Part used:Nuts are used.Chemical Constituents of Aesculus

hippocastanumAnalysis has shown that the nuts

contain water, ash, proteins,essential oils and carbohydrates.

Saponins in the seed ofA.hi ppocastanum wasfirsttriter-penoids reported.

Saponins, a complex mixtureknown as ''Aescin'' [5].

Figure 2 Saponins

FlavonoidsA number of flavonoids have

been detected in A.hippocastanum,including astragalin, isoquercitrin,leucocyanidin and rutin. Most ofthese compounds are found in seedsbut also have been found in fruitsleaves and buds [6, 7].

Figure 3 Astragalin

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Mechanism of action of horsechestnut

Aescin increase the blood flowtowards the veins and it raised cardiacoutput by 10-20% .Therefore it causesthe vasodilatation and used as anti-inflammatory aid product [8, 9].

Chest PainThe root of horse chestnut is

analgesic and has been used to treatchest pain.

Might support fertility in menSupplements of horse chest nut

contain an ingredient aescin-not tobe confused with the poisonousesculin found in raw horse chestnuts.Possibly through the samemechanisms with which horsechestnut positively impacts chronicvenous insufficiency, aescin seemsto safely increase count and qualityof sperm in men with varicocele-associated infertility, according to a2010 research study. This particularform of infertility is caused byenlarged varicose veins within thescrotum and affects 15 out of 100men overall and 40 out of 100 menwith diagnosed or knowninfertility[10].

Other usesHemorrhoids.Constipation.Liver affections.Prolapse of uterus.Hernia.Legs ulcers.Frostbite.Side effect and safety of Aesculus

hippocastanumHorse chestnut sometime side

effect such as dizziness, stomachupset, itching.

The pollens of the horse chestnutcan cause allergic reaction.

Raw horse chestnut seed, bark,flowers are unsafe can cause deathwhen taken by mouth by adult andchildren[11].

Contraindication of Aesculushippocastanum

PregnancyAesculus hi ppocastanum is

harmful in pregnancy it can lead todeath.

Bleeding disordersA.hi ppocastanum might slow

blood clotting .Taking horse chestnutmight increase the risk of bruisingand bleeding in people with bleedingdisorder.

Diabetesit is harmful to use horse chestnut

in diabetic patient because it lowerthe blood sugar level.

Kidney Disease Horse chestnut worsen the

kidney disease.Digestive Problems Horse chestnut seed and bark can

irritate the gastrointestinal tract.Don't use in bowel and stomachdisorders.

Aesculus hi ppocastanum as aHomeopathic medicine

Aesculus is the common HorseChestnut, a native of Asia butcultivated extensively in Europe andAmerica. It was proved by Dr. Coolyof the New York State

Personality of Aesculushippocastanum

Persons withhaemorrhoidalconstitution who suffer from gastric,bilious or catarrhal trouble.

Temperament: Irritable

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Diathesis: HaemorrhoidalMiasm: PsoricKeynotes of Aesculus

hippocastanumDry, aching in rectum with the

feeling as if full of small sticks.Hemorrhoids blind, painful,

purplish, with the sever lumbosacralbackache.

Follicular pharyngitis, dry throatwith stitching pains

General modalitiesAggravation-Morning on awaking, any

References

1. Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P, Griffini A. Aesculus hi ppocastanum. Fitoterapia.1996;67(6):483-511.2. Vogel G, Uebel H. THE ACTIVE THERAPEUTIC INGREDIENT OF THE HORSECHESTNUT (AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM). 3. ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG-DRUG RESEARCH. 1960;10(4):275-80.3. Agarwal R. Botanical composition and its uses. Google Patents; 2009.4. Charton V, Caprin B, Bechetoille N. Aesculus hippocastanum extract. Google Patents;2018.5. Tyler ML. Homoeopathic Drug Pictures: Random House; 2012.6. Kapusta I, Janda B, Szajwaj B, Stochmal A, Piacente S, Pizza C, et al. Flavonoids inhorse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds and powdered waste water byproducts.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2007;55(21):8485-90.7. H?bner G, Wray V, Nahrstedt A. Flavonol oligosaccharides from the seeds of Aesculushippocastanum. Planta medica. 1999;65(07):636-42.8. Yarnell E. Botanical Medicine and Sports Injuries. Alternative and ComplementaryTherapies. 1997;3(3):183-6.9. Parida R, Mohanty S, Nayak S, editors. Rapid and stable propagation of Globba marantinaL., an important medicinal plant of family Zingiberaceae. International Conference onAdvances in Biotechnology (BioTech) Proceedings; 2015: Global Science and TechnologyForum.10. Phatak SR. Materia Medica of Homoeopathic Medicines: B. Jain Publishers; 2002.11. DeGrandpre M. Botanical Therapeutics: Text Only Version: Lulu. com; 2010.12. Patil J. Gems of Homoeopathic Materia Medica: B. Jain Publishers; 2002.13. Paradise L. Homeopathic pharmaceutical compositions. Google Patents; 1998.

motion, after eating, afternoon,standing.

Amelioration-Cool open air, bleeding (piles),

summer, and continued exertion.Potency-Third to sixth potency is

recomended.Dosage-Used in low potencies [12].Therapeutic value-Ascarides, atrophic pharyngitis,

haemorrhoids, varicose vein,jaundice, leucorrhoea, lumbago[13].

a panoramic view on ethno botanical,...

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