a perspective on quality
TRANSCRIPT
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A Perspective on Quality
Vishweshwar Hegde
December 2000
Copyright declaration:Some of the concepts on Adoptive Systems is referencedfrom Adoptive Software Development by James Highsmith III
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What is Quality?
Quality Processes produce quality products
Externalview
Internalview
Quality is Value as Perceived by Customer
! Quality is Pride in Ownership
! Quality is meeting/exceeding customer expectations
Quality is reduced total cost of ownership
(Features: Time-to-Market, Defect-free, Maintainable,Usable, Available, etc.)
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What is Considered Good, Quality Software
Meets all the functional requirements
Available for user (Defect free/reliable + Fault tolerant)
Has all the required ibility characteristics:
- Usability
- Maintainability- Portability
- Scalability
- etc.
For customer satisfaction, this is necessary but not sufficient. Other
aspects like service quality, and branding (perception) are equallyimportant.
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Hardware Quality vs. Software Quality
Time
Quality
SW
HW
Body and Soul analogy:
SW undergoes reincarnation on
different HW (e.g. Y2K).
Impact: Longevity (architecture)
considerations of SW.
Industrial Era Products:
Raw Material: Physical materials
Transformation: happens on machines
Implications: More visible, measurable
Less variable.
Knowledge Era Products:
Experiences from industrial era are inadequate in managing software.Complex Adoptive Systems gives partial direction.
Raw Material: Knowledge
Transformation: happens in human minds
Implications: More intangible,
Difficult to measure
Variability is high
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How to Achieve Software Quality
People
TechnologyProcess
(Domain Expertise, Peoplewareaspects, People-CMM etc.)
(Software-CMM,
ISO 12207,IEEE 1074 etc.)
(Tools, Automation etc.)
At a broader organizational level: Malcolm Baldridge Mode, SixSigma, etc.
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Software Capability Maturity Model
Level 2Repeatable
- Requirements Mgmt- Project Mgmt
- Configuration Mgmt- Subcontract Mgmt- Quality Assurance
Level 3Defined
- Process Definition- Process Focus- Training Program- Product Engineering- Peer Reviews
- IntegratedProcess Mgmt
- Intergroup Coordination
Level 4Managed
- QuantitativeProcess Mgmt
- SoftwareQuality Mgmt
Level 5
Optimizing- Defect Prevention- Technology Change
Mgmt- Process Change
Mgmt
CMM Common Features
- Goals
- Commitment to perform (management enablers)
- Ability to perform- Activities to be performed (for practitioners)
- Measurement & Analysis (points of visibility)
- Verification Riskr
eductio
n
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CMM Levels
QPM/SQM
Treat L4, L5 KPAs as extensions of L2 & L3 KPAs
DP
TCM
PCM
PT PE PR PP
ContinuousProcessImprovement:
DynamicProcess
StaticProcess
RM
L2 L3
L4
L5
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Quantitative Process Management(taken from SEI Tutorial)
QPM => Process Control + Process Improvement: use statistical techniques.=> Stable Process + Capable Process.
Process Control => Keeping the Process parameters within establishedlimits. (Project level)
E.g.: Controlling Quality gates based on size, defects, effort etc.
Process Improvement => Measuring to Improve the Process.(Domain/Organization level)
E.g.: Process Capability Baselines, trends.
ExecuteProcess
MeasureProcess
ControlProcess
ImproveProcess
DefineProcess
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Impact of the Internet on Software Quality
Instantaneously-connected world (speed, global culture)
Shorter life span of products and or solutions
Information a key-stroke away (anytime, anywhere)
Open world (competitors have the same info. as customers)
Unknown user & usage profiles
High speed, high change, high uncertainty
Needs: - Quality with speed in highly-changing, highly-uncertain environment
- Complex Adoptive System (simple rules + rich relations)principles over the organizations standard systems.
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Quality with Speed
People
TechnologyProcess
High Speed
High Change
Highly-Uncertain Environments
Emergence is the order
Use Complex Adoptive Systems approach :Simple Rules + Rich Relations
Speculate -> Collaborate -> Learn cycles
Use Fly-by-Wire philosophy (at the edge of chaos) for high
maneuverability
Peopleware aspects are also very important.
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Peopleware Aspects
High energy,high initiative.
High trust, team work, positive attitude (to press on in the face ofobstacles).
Collaboration, communication.
Complementary skills (harness diversity).
Courage to risk-making mistakes, adventure, celebration.
Ability to detect & recover from deviations/mistakes quickly(tolerance for premature ideas, loud thinking & building ideas onone another)
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Some Future Challenges and Directions
Learnings from Complex Adoptive Systems over and above
industrial era experiences
Process quality -> Product quality -> Knowledge/Data quality
Agriculture era -> Industrial era -> Knowledge era -> Wisdom era
Knowledge management -> Wisdom propagation
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Thank You
Imagination, Action, and Joy.