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IMPORTANT LAW WORKS. Commentaries on the Laws of,

England.

(Partly founded on Br.AOKSThsK) thoroughly Revised and Modernized, and brought down to the present time. Tn A ,^l. Berry, 7 Ch. D. 657 47 L. J. Ch. 182 26 W. R. 327 ... 147 V. Gibbons, 8 Ch. App. 747 21 W. R. 754 29 L. T. 88 272, 273 Bethell r. Abraham, 17 Eq. 24, per Jessel, M.R. 22 W. R, 179 43 L. J. Ch. 180 29 L. T. 715 207,208,273 Betjemann . Betjemann, [1895] 2 Ch. 474 129 252 Betty, Be, [1899J 1 Ch. 821 68 L. J. Ch. 435 80 L. T. 675 179, 181, 185 Bevan, Be, 34 Ch. D. 716 46 Biddulph r. Williams, 1 Ch. D. 203 ... ..[ 104 Biggs . Peacock, 22 Ch. D. 284 "' 278 Bignold, Be, 7 Oh. App. 223 26 L. T. 176 41 L. J. Ch. 235";',

644

Benbow

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Townsend,

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My. & K.'506

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2 L. J. Ch. 215

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TABLE OF CASES.

XXI

PAGEBillingsley r. Critchett, 1 B. C. C. 268 2K2 Billson V. Crofts, 15 Eq. 314 21 W. K. 50i ; 42 L. J. Ch. 531 48, 281 Bindley v. MuUoney, 7 Eq. 343 17 W. R. 510 ; 20 L. T. 283 ... 50 Bingham r. Clanmoms, 2 Moll. 253 135 Binney r. Ince Hall Co., 35 L. J. Ch. 363 2.34,236 Birch ('. Blagi-ave, Amb. 264 109, 112, 115 r. Wade, 3 V. & B. 198 ; 13 E. E. 181 22 Birchall, Be, Birchall %: Ashton, 40 Ch. D. 436 37 W. R. 387 ;; ; ;

60L. T. 369 Bird, Be, 16 Eq. 203,

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135,136 28 L. T. 658 143,:

Pitman ). Pitman, [ 1892] 1 Ch. 279 Maybery, 33 Beav. 351 ... Birks V. Micklethwait, 33 Beav. 409 34 L. J. Ch. 362iJe,!.;

124 23;

10 Jur. (n.s.)

302;

323,374

Birt c. Birt, 11 Ch. D. 772 352 Bishop, Ex parte, 8 Ch. App. 718 ; 21 W. R. 716 28 L. T. 862 ...85, 87 Bizzey i>. Might, 24 W. E. 957 32,34 Blackburn . Stables, 2 V. & B. 367 ; 13 R. R. 120 98 Blacklow V. Laws, 2 Hare, 40 159 Bladwellr. Edwards, Cro. Eliz. 509 44,49 Blagrave r. Blagrave, 4 Ex. 550 ; 19 L. J. Ex. 414 146 Blagrove t'. Handcock, 18 Sim. 378 100 Blake, iSe, W. N. (1887), p. 173 60 L. T. 663 108,297 , Be, Jones v. Blake, 29 Ch. D. 913 256, 258, 334, 335 i. Power, 37 W. R. 461 70 Blakeley Co., Be, 3 Ch. App. 154 ; 16 W. R. 533 37 L. J. Ch. 418 .391 18L. T. 132 143 Blaker . Anscombe, 1 Bos. & P. N. E. 25 ; 8 E. R. 746 29 Blandy . De Burgh, 6 C. B. 634 261 Bleazard 1). Whalley, 2 Eq. Rep. 1093 ; 2 W. R. 608 207 Blount V. O'Connor, 17 L. R. Ir. 620 191 Blue -y. Marshall, 3 P. W. 381 40 Ch. D., p. 370 Blnndell, Be, Blundell v. Blundell, 44 Ch. D. 1 133 323 349 384 393 348' 375,' 382^ 385 Blyth I'. Pladgate, [1891] 1 Ch. 337 391 Bodmin (Lady) !). Vanderbendy, 1 Vern. 179; ; ; ; : '

Boldero v. London and Westminster Discount Co., 5 Ex. D. 47 84 28 W. R. 154 42 L. T. 57 Bolland, Sx parte, Clint, Be, 17 Eq. 115 22 W. R. 152 43 L. J. Bk. 81 16;29L. T. 545 71 L. T. 752 Bolton V. Curre, [1895] 1 Ch. 544 64 L. J. Ch. 164 381,383 43W. E. 521 66,69 Bond I'. WaKord, 32 Ch. D. 238 114,117 Bone . Pollard, 24 Beav. 285 58, 133 Booth V. Turle, 16 Eq. 182 21 W. R. 721 14 W. R. 120 Bostock V. Ployer, 1 Ch. App. 26 1 Eq. 29 218,228 ... 35L.J. Ch. 23;13L. T. 489; llJar. (N.S.) 962 253, 255 Bosworth, Be, Martin v. Lambe, 58 L. J. Ch. 432 Bouch, Be, Sproule n. Bouch, 12 App. Cas. 385 36 W. R. 193;;

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14L. T.299 Bowden, Be, Andrew

Cooper, 45 Ch. D. 444

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391,395 Ch. 815 363 357;

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TABLE OF CASES.PAGEr.

Bowes

256,260 East London Water Co., Jac. 32i 261 1). Strathmore (Earl), 8 Jur. 92 370 Bowles r. Stewart, 1 Sch. & Lef. 226 Ch. D. 626 28 W. R. 233 42 L. J. Ch. 506 213 Boyd, Me, 262 r. Boyd, 4 Eq. 305 15 W. B. 107 16 L. T. 660 Boyes, iZe, Boyes . Carritt, 26 Ch. D. 531 53,54,107 Boyle, i?e, 1 M. & G. 495 249 Brakenbnry r. Brackenbury, 2 J. & W. 391 22 K. R. 180 109 Bradford Bank i: Brlggs, 12 App. Cas. 27 35 W. R. 521 56 L. J. Ch. 364;56L. T. 62 236 Bradley v. Riches, 9 Ch. D. 189 26 W. R. 910 38 L. T. 810 ... 395 Brail, Se, Ex parte Norton, [1893] 2 Q. B. 381 62 L. J. Q. B. 457 41 W. R. 623 86 Brandlyn . Ord, 1 Atk. 571 398 Brandon v. Robinson, 18 Ves. 429 11 R. E. 226 44, 49, 281 Braybrooke r. Inskip, 8 Ves. 436 7 E. E. 106 288 Breeds, i?e, 1 Ch. D. 226 ; 24 W. R. 200 45 L. J. Ch. 191 262 Brentwood, etc., Co., Re, 4 Ch. D. 562 25 W. R. 481 ; 46 L. J. Ch. 554 36 L. T. 343 129 Breton . Woollven, 17 Ch. D. 416 29 W. R. 777 50 L. J. Ch. 906 36,38 Brewster . Angell, 1 J. & W. 625 97 Brice v. Stokes, 2 Wh. & Tu. 633 11 Ves. 319 8 E. E. 164 188, 221 236, 237, 369 Bridge, iJe, 56 L. J. Ch. 779 331 r. Brown, 2 Y. & C. C. C. 181 261 Bridgman r. Gill, 24 Beav. 302 384 Brier, iJe, Brier . Evison, 26 Cb. D. 238 222,232 Brierley, Ee, 43 W. E. 36 21 Briggs,^e,andSpicer,[1891]2Ch.381; 64L.T.187; 60L.J.Ch.514: 86 . Jones, 10 Eq. 92 90 . Maasey, 30 W. E. 325 51 L. J. Ch. 447 ; 46 L. T. 354 ... 343 r. Penny, 3 M. & G. 546 ; 3 De G. & S. 547 22, 53 Bright t'. North, 2 Ph. 220 256,259 Brinton D. Lulham, 53 L. T. 9 125,245 Brinsdeu r. Williams, [1894] 3 Ch. 185 63 L. J. Ch. 713 71 L. T. 177 42 W. E. 700 384, 385 Brogden, Be, Billing v. Brogden, 38 Ch. D. 546 W. N. (1888), 59 L. T. 650 p. 238 190-193, 268, 308 Brooke, Be, Brooke v. Brooke, [1894] 1 Ch. 43 63 L. J. Ch. 159 70 L. T. 71 42 W. E. 186 141,147 !). Haynes, 6Eq.25 137 Brooker ^. Pearson, 37 Bear. 181 48 Brooks, Be, Coles v. Davis, 76 L. T. 771 ... ... ... 164 165 Brougham (Lord) v. Ponlett, 19 Beav. 135 179 Brown, iJe, 27 Beav. 324 277 J!e, Brown, 29 Ch. D. 889 ..'. ... ..'. ... ..'. 207 .ife, Dixon r. Brown, 32 Ch.D. 597 389 V. Brown, 7 Eq. 185 17 W. R. 98 38 L. J. Ch. 153 19 L. T. 594 70 Burdett, 21 Ch. D. 667 31 W. R. 854 48 L. T. 753 ... 65 V. De Tastet, Jac. 284 23 R. R. 59 28 R. R. 25 243 V. Gellatly, 2 Ch. App. 751 15 W. E. 1188 170, 172, 175 ' Higgs, 4 Ves. 708 4 R. R. 323 15 V. How, Bam. 354 275 E. Litton, 1 P. W. 140 "" 240 243 . Sibley, 24 W. E. 783 '288 v. Smith, W. N. 1878, p. 202 257

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TABLE OP CASES.Brown v. Whiteway, 8 Hare, 145 Browne D. Collins, 12 Eq. 586Brumridge; :

XXIUPAGE148 162 367

. Brumridge, 27 Beav. 5 Bryant, He, Bryant v. Hickley, [1894] 1 Ch. 324 63 L. J. Ch. 197 258 70 L. T. 311 42 W. E. 183 M^^ 159 , ^e, and Barningham, 44 Ch. D. 218 94 Brydges v. Brydges, 8 Ves. jun. 125 Bubb V. Padwick, 13 Ch. D. 517 28 W. R. 382 49 L. .J. Ch. 128 277 41L. T. 116 291 Buchanan . Hamilton, 5 Ves. 722 136,369 ... Buckeridge ^). Glasse, 1 Cr. & Ph. 134 10 L. J. Ch. 134 129 Buckland ^). Pocknell, 13 Sim. 499 Buckmaster v. Buckmaster, 35 Ch. D. 21 35 W. R. 438 56 L. T. 60 795 56 L. J. Ch. 379 207 Bueknill Morris, 52 L. T. 462 Budge V. Gummon, 7 Ch. App. 719 20 W. R. 1022 42 L. J. Ch. 214 22;27L. T. 666 60 L. J. Ch. 341 Bullock, Re, Good v. Lickoriah, 64 L. T. 736 282 64L. T. 736;39 W. R. 472 188 ,r. BuUock, 56 L. J. Ch. 221 83 Bulmer . Hunter, 8 Eq. 46 180 Bnlwer !>. Astley, 1 Ph. 422 Burdick v. Garrick, 5 Ch. App. 233 18 W. E. 387 39 L. J. Ch. 181, 132, 341, 342, 345, 366 369 242 Bnrdon i). Burdon, 1 V. & B. 170 161 Bnrges B. Lamb, 16 Ves. 174 43,152 Burgess I!. Wheate, 1 Edw. 595 97 Burnaby f. Griffin, 3 Ves. 206 60 Burnett u. Mann, 1 Ves. 156 58 Bumey i;. Macdonald, 15 Sim. 6 40 Buron ^|. Husband, 4 B. & Ad. 611 25S Barrage, Me, Burrage v. Bumingham, 62 L. T. 752 15,20 Burrough i;. Philcox, 5 My. & Cr. 72 220, 255 Burrowes r. Lock, 10 Ves. 470 8 E. R. 33, 856 Burrows v. Walls, 5 D. M. & G. 253 3 W. R. 327 25 L. T. 18 252, 369 270, 271 Burton, Jte, Banks . Heaven, [1892] 2 Ch. 38 97 t: Hastings, Gill. Eq. Rep. 118 289 Burtt, JSe, 1 Brew. 319 143,146 Bush u. Allen, 5 Mod. 63 Butler i: Butler, 7 Ch. D. 116 26 W. E. 85 47 L. J. Ch. 77 246,247,865,375,378 37L. T. 518 21 r. Gray, 5 Ch. App. 26 Buttanshaw v. Martin, John. 89 38 L. T. 300 5 Jut. (N.s.) 647 277, 281 79, 80, 327 Butterworth, He, Russell, JEai parte, 19 Ch. D. 538 189, 197 Buxton V. Bnxton, 1 My. & Cr. 98 43 R. E. 138 19 Byles, Be, 1 Ch. D. 282 327 Byrne f. Norcott, 13 Beav. 366; ;; ; ; ;

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334;

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P. 372

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36 R. R.

128 Cadett r. Earl, 5 Ch. D. 710 46 L. J. Ch. 798 Cadogan v. Essex (Lord), 2 Drew. 227 Cafe i>. Bent, 5 Hare, 36

1M5207 209!''

xxiv

TABLE OF CASES.I'AGE.:

Calvin's Case, 7 Eep. 49 Cambridge r. Bonse, 8 Ves. 24

6 K. R. 199

*

c. Murray, 16 Ch. D. 161 Camejron, Re, 26 Ch. D. 19 i*; 247 e, Cameron r. Cameron, [1893] 3 Ch. 468 31 and Wells, Be, 37 Ch. D. 32 ; 36 W. E. 5 Camoys (Lord) r. Best, 19 Beav. 414 ^^ Campbell t-. Bainbridge, 6 Eq. 269 .ok oa 7 ill 195,24^249 r. Walker, 5 Ves. 680 ; 5 E. E. 135 BeaT. 257 Candler r. TiUett, 22 Jo' 2di ooa 198, Cann r. Cann. 51 L. T. 770 Caplin, i?, 2 Dr. & Sm. 527 ^^ Carberry . McCarthy, 7 L. R. Ir. 328 j^ ** Carew r. Cooper, 10 Jur. (N.S.) 429 ^^^ Carlyon, Me, 35 W. R. 155 V. Tmscott, 20 Eq. 348 ; 44 L. J. Ch. 186 ; 32 L. T. 50 ;

Camden (Marq.)

f

23W.R.302Carpenter, iJe, Kay, 418 Carr, i?e, Carr r. Carr, 36 W. R. 688 Carrick v. Errington, 2 P. Wms. 361 Carruthers T. Carnithers, [1896] A. C. 659 Carson r. Sloane, 13 L. R. Ir. 139

^"'hl23b

^lH

221,23/ 38^ 1'2 Carter, ^e. 41 W. E. 140 and Kenderdine, [1897] 1 Ch. 776 66 L. J. Ch. 408 86 76 L. T. 476 13 T. L. E. 314 45 W. E. 484 27 L. J. Ch. 74 30 L. T. 349 V. Carter, 3 Kay & J. 617 *00 4 Jur. (N.S.) 63 321 V. Seabright, 26 Bear. 376 183 Cartwright, Be, Aris . Newman, 41 Ch. D. 532 43 i: Cartwright, 3 D. M. & G. 982 397 Case r. James, 3 D. F. & J. 256 23 Castle 1-. Castle, 1 De G. & J. 352 313 Caswell V. Sheen, W. N. (1898), 187 329 Cater, Be, 25 Beav. 366 ... 7, 90, Cave V. Cave, 15 Ch. D. 639 49 L. J. Ch. 656 43 L. T. 158 391, 395 332 Cawthome, Be, 12 Beav. 56 298 Cecil r. Langdon, 28 Ch. D. 1 328,329 Chadwick i). Heatley, 2 Coll. 137 233 Challen v. Shippam, 4 Hare, 555 97 Chambers i: Chambers, 2 Eq. Ca. Abr. 35, c. 4 241 7 E. E. 181 8 ib. 61 V. Goldwin, 9 Ves. 267 252 i;. Howell, 11 Beav. 6 220 6 E. E. Ill V. Minchin, 7 Ves. 196 167 Chancellor . Brown, 26 Ch. D. 42 Chandler v. Bradley, [1897] 1 Ch. 315 66 L. J. Ch. 214 75 L. T. 246 581 45 W. E. 296 Chapman, Be Cocks i: Chapman, [1896] 1 Ch. 323 2 Ch. 763 191, 201 65 L. J. Ch. 892 75 L. T. 196 45 W. E. 67 Chappie, Be, Newton v. Chappie, 27 Ch. D. 584 ; 33 W. R. 235 241 51L. T. 748 323 Charles ^. Jones, 33 Ch. D. 80 277 Chasten, Be, 18 Ch. D. 218 Chennell, Be, Jones v. Chennell, 8 Ch. D. 492 213. 323 Chertsey Market, Be, 6 Pr. 285 20 R. R. 638 223 Chesterfield (Earl), Be, 24 Ch. D. 643 171, 177 . Janssen, 2 Ves. 158 370 208 Child V. Child, 20 Beav. 50;

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TABLE OP CASES.Childersr.

XXVPAGE;

& J. 482 5 W. R. 586 26 L. J. Ch. 743 ... 109 Chambers, [1896] 1 Ch. 685 65 L. J. Ch. 343 74 L. T. 34 44 W. E. 388 244, 365, 375, 376, 378, 382 Chippendale, J?a!jparfe, 4 De G.M.& G. 19 321 Chisholm, He, 43 Sol. J. 43 340 Christie . Gosling, 1 H. L. 543 98 . Ovington, 1 Ch. D. 279 24 W. E. 204 286, 287 Christ's Hospital !). Grainger, 1 Macn. & G. 460 45 Chnrcher r. Martin, 42 Ch. D. 312 37 W. R. 682 61 L. T. 113 ... 366 Clare r. Clare, 21 Ch. D. 865 328 Clart r. Girdwood, 7 Ch. D. 9 26 W. R. 90 47 L. J. Ch. 116 37L. T. 614 66 r. Hoskins. 32 L. J. Ch. 561 199 . Malpas, '31 Beav. 80 70 r. Swaile, 2 Eden, 134 250 Clarke, i?e, Coombe r. Carter, 36 Ch. D. 348 20,41 ;;. Tranklin, 4 Kay & J. 257 123 r. Wright, 6 H. & N. 849 30 L. J. Ex. 115 4 L. T. 21Childers, 1 D.i\;;

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XXVI

TABLE OP CASES.PAGE96,;

Collier i: M'Beaii, 34 Beav. 426-

400

43 L. J. Ch. 216 ; Walters, 17 Eq. 262 ; 22 W. R. 209 149 29L. T. 868 ... Collins, Be, Collins v. ColHns, 32 Ch. D. 229 ; 55 L. J. Ch. 672 ; 262, 270 55 L. T. 21 34 W. R. 650 129 II. Collins, 31 Beav. 346 168 t'. Collins, 2 My. & K. 703 20,40,41,85,88 CoUyer i;. Isaacs, 19 Ch. D. 342 143,144 Colmore (,. TyndaU, 2 Y. & J. 605 83 Colombine v. Penhall, 1 Sm. & G. 228 5 L. J. (N.s.) Ch. 335 Colyear r. Lady Mulgrave, 2 Kee. 81 28 44R. E. 191 317 Combs, Me, 51 L. T. 45 W. R. Consterdine v. Consterdine, 31 Beav. 330 31 L. J. Ch. 807 101:; ; ; ;

235,237 59 L. T. 928 Conway r. Fenton, 40 Ch. D. 512 ; 181 37W. R. 156 137 Conyngham !). Conyngham, 1 Ves. sen. 522 Cook V. Addison, 7 Eq. 466 17 W. E. 480 38 L. J. Ch. 322 351,355 20L. T. 212 104 44 R. R. 11 r. Hutchinson, 1 Kee. 42 Cooke, Ux parte, 4 Ch. D. 123 46 L. J. Bk. 52 25 W. R. 171 132,352 35L.T.649 Me, 4 Ch. D. 454 25 W. R. 218 46 L. J. Bk. 34 35 L. T. 284,285 715 289,290 . Crawford, 13 Sim. 91 11 L. J. Ch. 406 277,281 r. EuUer, 26 Beav. 99 66 . Lamotte, 15 Beav. 234 248 Cookson f. Lee, 23 L. J. Ch. 478 278 1;. Reay, 5 Beav. 22 304 Coombes . Brookes, 12 Eq. 61 46 L. J. Ch. Cooper and Allen, Se, 4 Ch. D. 817 25 W. E. 301 133 35 L. T. 890 194, 195, 227, 233, 264. 265, 280 20 W.E. 503 ; 41 L. J. Ch. 299 V. Kynock, 7 Ch. App. 398 143,144 26L. T. 566 26 W. E. 377 47 L. J. Ch. c. Macdonald, 7 Ch. D. 292 282 373 38 L. T. 195 319 1-. Todd, 29 W. R. 502 179,181 Copland, i2e, Johns i;. Carden, [1900] 1 Ch. 326 46 Coppard, iJe, 35 Ch. D. 350 130 Coppring r. Cooke, 1 Ver. 270 Cordall's Case, Cro. Eliz. 316 143,147 Cordwell v. Maekrill, Amb. 515 2 Eden, 344 392 Cornmell v. Keith, 3 Ch. D. 767 24 W. E. 633 45 L. J. Ch. 689 35 L T 29 .. ... ... 20 .. ..'. ..'. Cornish, He', [1896] 1 Q. B. 99 362 ... ... Cornthwaite v. Prith, 4 De G. & S. 552 25 Corsellis, Be, Lawton d. Elwes, 34 Ch. D. 675 55 L. J. Ch. 675 ... 241, 242, 246 Costabadie . Costabadie, 6 Hare, 410 257 Costello V. O'Rourke, 3 Ir. Eq. Rep. 172 161 Cotham V. West, 1 Beav. 381 257,262 Cothay v. Sydenham, 2 Bro. C. C. 391 218 Cottam -o.East Coast Rail. Co., 1 John. & H. 243 238 Cottington v. Fletcher, 2 Atk. 156 109 Cotton, Be, 1 Ch. D. 232 24 W. E. 243 45 L. J. Ch. 201 33 L. T. 720 269 Cotton's Trustees and London School Board, Be, 19 Ch. D. 627 30 W. R. 610 51 L. J. Ch. 514 46 L. T. 813 ... 275, 278, 27972758 L. J. Ch. 282; ;

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TABLE OF CASES.Coulson,iJe,

XXVll

PAGE332 lie, Coles v. Courtier, 34 Ch. B. 136 35 "W. R. 85 56 L. J. Ch. 350 55 L. T. 574 179, 184, 185, 199, 258 Coutts V. Acjcworth, 8 Eq. 558 17 W. E. 1121 38 L. J. Ch. 694 67,68 Coventry v. Coventiy, 1 Kee. 758 6 L. J. (Sf.s.) Ch. 275 44 R. R. 169 293 Cowel r. Gatcombe, 27 Beav. 568 220 Cowin I'. Graven, 34 W. R. 735 252 Cowley (Earl) v. Wellesley, 1 Eq. 656 186 Cowper !). Stoneham, 68 L. T. 18 348,383,384 Cox V. Page, 10 Hare, 163 14 Crabb r. Crabb, 1 My. & K. 511 3 L. J. Ch. 181 36 R. R. 362 ... 115 Cradock r. Piper, 1 M. & G. 664 242 Craven v. Brady, 4 Ch. App. 296 17 W. R. 505 38 L. J. Ch. 345 44 i-. Craddoek, W. N. (1868), 229 157 Creaton v. Creaton, 3 Sm. & G. 386 5 W. R. 125 26 L. J. Ch. 266 2 Jur. (N.S.) 1223 141 Cresswell ?). DeweU, 4 Giff. 465 369 Crichton v. Crichton, [1895] 2 Ch. 853 65 L. J. Ch. 491 74L.T. 357 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 369 374 Crockett . Crockett, 2 Ph. 553 23 Croome . Croome, 61 L. T. 814 105,106 Cropton t'. Davies, L. R. 4 C. P. 159 147 Crosby i;. Church, 3 Beav. 485 380 30 W. R. 376 Cross, Be, Harston v. Tenison, 20 Ch. D. 109 371 51 L. J. Ch. 645 45 L. T. 777 Crossley u. Elsworthy, 12 Eq. 159 79 391 Crouch V. Credit Poncier, 8 Q. B. 374 21 W. R. 946 Crowe, Be, 14 Ch. D. 610 28 W. E. 885 305, 315 Crowther, Be. Midgley v. Crowther, [1895] 2 Ch. 56 64 L. J. Ch. 537 72 L. T. 762 43 W. R. 571 167,172 f. Elgood, 34 Ch. D. 691 131,132 279 Croxton 1J. May, 9 Ch. D. 388 23 W. R. 850 44 L. J. Ch. 664 32 L. T. 853 Coll, Be, 20 Eq. 561 219 328 332 333 .'.. 307*, 319 Cunard, Be, 10 Ch. D. 29 27 "W. E. 164 40 L. T. 52 46 L. J. Ch. 148 35 L. T. CunltfEe v. Brancker, 3 Ch. D. 393 146 578 Cunnack v. Edwards, [1896] 2 Ch. 679 65 L. J. Ch. 801 75 L. T. ... ... ... ... ... 107 122 45 W. R. 99 ... Cunningham and Erayling,'if, [is'g'l] 2 Ch. 567 60 L. J.'ch. 59l"; 39 W. R. 469 286,289 64 L. T. 558 14,103 J). Foot, 3 App. Cas. 974 23 Cumick f. Tucker, 17 Eq. 320 114,119 Currant D. Jago, 1 Coll. 261 317 Currie, Be, 10 Ch. D. 93 !;. Nind, IMy.&Cr. 17 89 26 L. T. 863 ... 114, 115 Curteis, Be, 14 Eq. 220 41 L. J. Ch. 631 27 W. R. 419 40 L. T. 108 !). Wormald, 10 Ch. D. 172 220 123 307 Curtis, .He, 5 Eq. 422 109 6 E. E. 28 V. Perry, 6 Ves. 739 143,145 8 E. E. 303 i!. Price, 12 Ves. 89 96 Cusackr. Cusack, 5Bro. P. C, Tom. ed. 116 217 Cutler . Boyd, 60 L. T. 859Courtier,; ;

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XXvili

TABLE OF CASES.D. PAGE

D'Adhemar r. Bertrand, 35 Beav. 19 27 W. E. 815 Dale, Ex paHe, 11 Ch. D. 772 40L. T. 712;

303;

48 L. J. Ch. 600

;

354

305, 315 Dalgleish, Be, 4 Ch. D. 143 ; 25 W. E. 122 ; 85 L. T. 829 ... 104 D'Almaine ?). Moseley, 1 Dr. 629 Dance r. Goldingham, 8 Ch. App. 902 21 W. E. 761 ; 29 L. T. 166 ;;

195,.S56, 358 58 L. J. Ch. 315 Dangar, Re, 41 Ch. D. 178 37 W. E. 651 385 60L. T. 491 168 Daniel II. Warren, 2 Y. & C. C. C. 290 24 W. E. 227 45 L. J. Ch. 105 34 L. T. Daniell, Be. 1 Ch. D. 375 66 308 302,304 Danson, iJe, 48 W. E. 73 Dartnall, Be, Sawyer r. Goddard, [1895] 1 Ch. 474 64 L. J. Ch. 254 341 72 L. T. 404 43 W. E. 644 84 Darville r. Terry, 6 H. & N. 807 75 Danbeny . Cockbnrn. 1 Mer. 638 28 Davenport V. Bishopp,' 2 You. & Coll. 451 278 Dayeron, Re, Bowen x. Churchill, [1893] 3 Ch. 421 279 Davidson D. Kempton, 18 Ch. D. 213 Davies, Be, 16 Jur. (U.S.) 882 187 331 Be, Davies v. Davies, 38 Ch. D. 210 Be, Davies v. Davies, [1892] 3 Ch. 63 34, 39 Be, Ellis V. Eoberta, [1898] 2 Ch. 142 67 L. J. Ch. 507 365 79L. T. 344 j to Jones and Evans, 24 Ch. D. 190 141 -c. Davies, 9 Eq. 468 18 W. E. 634 39 L. J. Ch. 343

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66,73

Davies, 4 Beav. 54 96 V. Hodgson, 25 Beav. 177 ; 6 "W. E. 355 ; 27 L. J. Ch. 449 ; ... 31L. T. 49 218 1). Hodgson, 32 Ch. D. 225 295 V. Otty, 35 Beav. 208 109, 112, 119 . Westcombe. 2 Sim. 425 160 29 E. E. 128 Davis, i?e, 12 Eq. 214 303 Mnckalt K. Davis, W. N. (1887), 186 , 323 v. Angel, 10 W. E. 723 356 II. Duke of Marlborough, 1 Sw. 74 42 Dawson, .Re, 48 W. R. 73 291 V. Clarke, 18 Ves. 247 11 E. E. 188 104, 367 V. Prince, 2 D. & J. 41 ; 6 W. E. 171 ; 27 L. J. Ch. 169 ; .SOL. T. 237 397 !!. Small, 14 Eq. 104 ; 22 "W. E. 514 ; 43 L. J. Ch. 406 ; SOL. T. 252 62 Dean, Be, Cooper-Dean v. Stevens, 41 Gh. D. 556 60 L. T. 813 62, 64, 65 T. McDowell, 8 Ch. D. 345 ; 26 W. E. 486 ; 47 L. J. Ch. 537 38L. T. 862 127 De Beanvoir i>. De Beauvoir, 3 H. L. Cas. 524 124 De BusBche r. Alt, 8 Ch. D. 287 249 de Clifford (Lord), Be, de Clifford v. Qnilter, [1900] 2 Ch.'707 ... 361 De la Warr (Earl), J?, 16 Ch. D. 587 179,187 Delves i\ Newington, 52 L. T. 512 178 Dent ^. Bennett, 4 My. & Cr. 277 40 E. E. 188 ... 66 . Dent, 30 Beav. 363 "" 184 De Pothonier, Be, Dent r. Pothonier, [1900] 2 Ch. 529 ... 198, 232; ; ; : ; ;

TABLE OF CASES.De Sayres De Sayres, 87 L. T. n. 93 ... De Tabley, Ec, Leighton r. Leighton, 75 L. T. 328 De Teissier, Re, De Teissier c. De Teissier, [1893]!.; ;

XXIXPAGE31218i, 185;

1 Ch. 153 62 L. J. Ch. 552 184 68 L. T. 275 41 W. R. 186 ... ., Detmold, Ec, Detmold r. Detmold, 40 Cli. D. 585 ...48, 82 J De Visme, J?e, 2De G. J. & S. 17 12 W. R. 140 33 L, J. Ch. '. 117 332;9L. T. 668 ... Dewarc Brooke, 33 W.R. 497 228 Dewhirst, Ee, 33 Ch. D. 416 35 W. R. 147 55 L. T. 427 55L. J. Ch. 842 305,315,317 De Witte i: Palin, 14 Eq. 251 20 W. R. 858 26 L. T. 825 257, 262 Dibbs r. Goren, 11 Beav. 483 388 Dick, Re, Lopes v. Hume-Dick, [1891] 1 Ch. 433 60 L. J. Ch. 177 64L. T. 32 201,204 Dickonson r. Player, C. P., Cooper's Cases, 1837, 1838, p. 178 ... 207 Dickson, Re, Hill v. Grant, 29 Ch. D. 331 270 Diggles, Ee, Gregory r. Edmondson, .30 Ch. D. 253 15,23 Dimes r. Scott, 4 Russ. 195 28 R. R. 46 176, 349, 350 ...14. 28 Dipple r. Corles, 11 Hare, 183 1 W. R. 47 22 L. J. Ch. 15 367 Dix V. Bmrford, 19 Beav. 409 386 Dixon, Re, Heynes v. Dixon, [1900] 2 Ch. 561 r. Brown. 32 Ch. D. 587 7 V. Dixon, 9 Ch. D. 587 27 W. R. 282 48 L. J. Ch. 592 382,383 40L. T. 208 129,278 I'. Gayfere, 21 Beav. 118 17 Beav. 433 133 . Olmius, 1 Cox, 414 Dobson r. Land, 8 Hare. 330 130,198 104 Docksey v. Docksey, 2 Eq. Ca. 506 286 Doewra, Re, 29 Ch. D. 693 97 Dod r. Dod, Amb. 274 400 Dodds r. Hills, 2 Hem. & M. 424 321,326 r. Take, 25 Ch. D. 617 28,303 Dodkin ^. Brunt, 6 Eq. 580 147 Doe v. Barthropp, 5 Taunt. 382 15 R. R. 530 . Biggs, 2 Taunt. 109 140 11 R. R. 533 f. Bolton, 11 A. & E. 188 ... 140, 142, 148 3 P. & D. 185 89 V. Bottriell. 5 B. & Ad. 131 39 R. R. 432 146 i. Cafe, 7 Ex. 675 142,148 . EdliD, 4 A. & E. 582 5 L. J. K. B. 137 . Ewart. 7 A. & E. 636 142,147 7 L. J. Q. B. 177 142, 147 V. Field, 2 B. & Ad. 564 36 R. R. 672 284 16 R. R. 463 r. Godwin, 1 D. & R. 259 135,136 16 L. J. Ex. 190 r. Harris, 16 M. & W. 522 143 . Homfray, 6 A. & E. 206 1 Nev. & P. 401 89,92 . Mnnning, 9 East, 57 9 R. R. 503 89 . Mores, 2 W. Bl. 1019 143 25 R. R. 398 ... 1 L. J. K. B. 124 V. Nichols, 1 B. & C. 336 93 V. Rontledge, Cowp. 705 90,91 r. Rusham, 17 Q. B. 723 143,147 I'. Simpson, 5 East, 162 Ii7 1). Willan, 2 B. & Ad. 84 Doering v. Doering, 42 Ch. D. 203 37 W. R. 796 58 L. J. Ch. 391 382, 383, 387. 553; ;;

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89 Dolphin V. Aylward, 4 H. L. 486 Donaldson v. Donaldson, Kay, 711 24 W. R. 1137 34 L. T. 900 ...33, 59 131,132,366 Dooby B. Watson, 39 Ch. D. 178 49 Dorin V. Dorin, L. R. 7 H. L. 568 23 W. R." 570 62 Douglas, Re, Obert v. Barron, 35 Ch. D. 472;; ; ;

XXXDouglasr.

TABLE OF CASES.PAGE262;

Andrews, 12 Beav. 310 V. Archbut, 2 D. & J. 148 6 W. K. 306 47L. J. Ch.291 i: Bolam, [1900] 2 Ch. 749 ... Dovei;. Everard, IRnss. &M. 231; 32R. R. 200 Dover r. Buck, 5 Giff. 57;

81 L. T. 4

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240 295137 248 388 56322, 331

Bullock, 25 Beav. 54 60 L. T. 140 Dowse V. Gorton, [1891] A. C. 190 Doyle D. Blake, 2 Sch. & Lef. 239 ; 9 R. K. 76f.

Downes

Downing,

J?e,

...

135,137,188,220

184 Trefusis, 10 Ch. App. 364 Martin, 2 Hem. & M. p. 133 ; 12 W. R. 547 ; 33 L. J. Ch. ... 30 113 367 10 L T 291 Drinkwater v. Coo'mbe, 2 S. & St'.'ko ; i L. J. Ch. 178 25 R. R. 210 :' 131 299,305 Driver, i?e, 19 Eq. 352 Drosier !-. Brereton, 15 Beav. 221 218,214 Dubois, ^a ^a?'ie, 1 Cox 310 151 Dnbost, ^a- ^a?'Je, 18 Ves. 140 11 R. R. 173 36 Dugdale, i?e, Dugdale !!. Dugdale, 88 Ch. D. 176 49,52 360 Dulwich, etc. Society, Re Meall v. Pearce, 68 L. J. Ch. 196 Dumas, Expwrte. 2 Ves. sen. 582 1 Amb. 284 352, 354 Durable, J?, Williams !). Murray, 23 Ch. D. 360 271 Dnngannou . Smith, 12 CI. & F. 546 45 Dunn V. Flood, 25 Ch. D. 629 32 W. R. 197 ; 49 L. T. 670 ... 195

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588

10467, 68, 327

Duttou . Thompson, 23 Ch. D. 278 Dyerr. Dyer, 2 Cox, 73 2R. R. 14;

G. M. & G. 209 Dyson and Fowke, Be, [1896] 2 Ch. 720 759 45 W. R. 28

Dyke r.

Rendall, 2;

De

113 129;

65 L. J. Ch. 790

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74 L. T.

279

E.Watson, 12 W. R. 682 187 East, i?e, 8 Ch. App. 785 42 L. J. Ch. 480 297 East Coast Rail. Co. r. Hawkes, 5 H. L. Cas. 331 196 Easton 13. Landor, 67 L. T. 883 62 L. J. Ch. 64 67 L. T. 833 ... 327 Eastwood !). Clarke, 23 Ch. D. 134 272 Eaton v. Daines, W. N. (1894), 32 70 L. T. 761 305 Eaves v. Hickson, 80 Beav. 136 10 W. R. 29 5 L. T. 598 ; 7 Jur. (N.S.)1297 217,218,220,384 Ebrand r. Dancer, 2 Ch. Ca. 26 113, 119 Ecclesiastical Commissioners v. Pinney, [1900] 2 Ch. 736 196 Eddel, i?e, 11 Eq. 559 147

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Plomley, [1900] A. C. 431 383 r. Peake, 7 Beav. 239 233 Edwards v. Dewar, 34 W. R. 62 54 L. J. Ch. 1049 ; 53 L. T. 422 326 f. Fashion, Pr. Ch. .882 114 v. Harben, 2 T. R. 587 1 R. R. 548 78 V. Jones, 1 My. & Cr. 226 5 L. J. (N.s.) Ch. 194 43R. R.,178 33 V. Merrick, 2 Hare, 60 251 Egbert II. Butter, 21 Beav. 560 237,883 Eglin . Sanderson, 3 Giff. 434 253 Egmont (Earl) v. Smith, 6 Ch. D. 469 46 L. J. Ch. 356 128, 129, 252 Elcock B. Mapp, 3 H. L. Cas. 492 104 Elliott, Be, 15 Eq. 194 21 W. R. 455 42 L. J. Ch. 289 332, 338, 834 Ellis, Be, 17 Eq. 409 22 W. R. 448 43 L. J. Ch. 444 281i>.

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TABLE OF CASES.

XXxiPAGE

ElHs, Re, 59 L. T. 924 331 1'. Barker, 7 Ch. App. 104 161 Ellison, Re, 2 Jur. (n.s.) 262 135 V. Ellison, 2 Wh. & Tu. 835 6 Ves. 656 ; 6 R. R. 19 ... 28 Elmore, Re, 9 W. R. 66 187 Elton ^. Elton, 27 Beav. 634 97 Elve v. Boyton, [1891] 1 Ch. 501 ; 60 L. J. Ch. 383 64 L. T. 482 208 Emma Silver Mining Co. v. Grant, 11 Ch. D. 918 ; 40 L. T. 804 ... 127 Emmet, Re, Emmet v. Emmet, 17 Ch. D. 142 29 W. R. 464 ; 50 L. J. Ch. 341 ; 44 L. T. 173 344,345 Equitable Society v. Fuller, 1 John. & H. 379 187 Ernest v. Croysdill, 2 D. F. & J."l75 351 Essery r. Cowlard, 26 Ch. D. 191 66,69,107 Evans, Re, 7 Ch. App. 659 179

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Evans, 34 Ch. D. 597 Evans Benyon, 87 Ch. D. 229 Bicknell, 6 Ves. 174 5 R. E. 245 Carrington, 2 D. E. & J. 481 30 L.!!. ; ;

322 369,380151J. Ch. 364:

4 L. T.

70 Edmonds, 13 C. B. 777 70 Jackson, 8 Sim. 217 ; 6 L. J. (N.S.) Ch. 8 42 E. R. 163 260 ^. John, 4 Beav. 35 138 Everett . Prythergch, 12 Sim. 365 357 18 W. R. 1020 23 L. T. 136 ... Everitt v. Everitt, 10 Eq. 405 67, 68 Evers v. Challis, 7 H. L. Cas. 531 44, 46 Eykin, J?e, 6 Ch. D. 115 113 Eyre i: Dolphin, 2 B. & B. 290 126 . Shaftesbury (Countess), 2 P. "Wms. 121 124 284 Eyston, -Ba ^are, 7 Ch. D. 145 281 Bartlett v. Charles, 45 Ch. D. 458 59 L. J. Ch. 733 Eyton, Re, 63 L. T. 336 39 W. R. 135 398 Ezort V. Lister, 5 Beav. 585 385!).

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Earhall, 7 Ch. App. 123 20 W. R. 157 41 L. J. Ch. 25 L. T. 685 151 Deane, 32 Beav. 327 244,249 Famham, Re, [1895] 2 Ch. 730 64 L. J. Ch. 717 73 L.T. 231 ... 86 Farrant v. Blanchford, 11 W. R. 178 32 L. J. Ch. 107 7 L. T. 607 370,371 Farrar r. Farrar, Ltd., 40 Ch. D. 395 248 Fawcett r. Whitehouse, 1 E. & M. 132 32 R. R. 163 8 L. J. Ch. 50 127 Featherstone ?). West, 6 Ir. Eq. R. 86 375,378 Featherstonhaugh v. Fenvrick, 17 Ves. 311 11 R. R. 77 127 Feistel r. St. John's College, 10 Beav. 491 43 Fellows, Re, 2 Jur. (N.S.) 62 187 i: Mitchell, 1 F. "Wms. 81 2 Vern. 516 236 Fenwick i: Clarke, 4 De G. F. & J. 240 10 W. R. 636 31 L. J. Ch. 728;6L. T. 593 163,233,388 130 Ferris r. Mullins, 2 Sm. & Gif. 378 146 12 M. & W. 279 Festing v. Allen, 25 II. Donoughmore, 1 Dr. & War. 227 Field 63 L. J. Ch. 233 69 L. T. 826 i: Field, [1894] 1 Ch. 425 198,232 42W. R. 346 26 Finden v. Stephens, 2 l^h. 142

Earhall 146

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XXXll

TABLE OP CASES.PAGE'.

288 Pinney, Re, 3 Gif. 465 328 Mrmin . Pulham, 2 Dea. & Sw. 99 242 ... Pish, Re, Bennett v. Bennett, [1893] 2 Ch. 413 ; 69 L. T. 233 62 Pisk . Att.-Gen. 4 Eq. 521 15 W. K. 1200 121 Pitch ?). Webber, 6 Hare, 145 25 Pitzgerald, Re, 37 Ch. D. 18 295 Fitzherbert, ^e, W. N. (1898), 58 260 Pitzpatriek v. Waring, 11 L. R. Ir. 35 354 Pitzsimmon, ^a jiarfe, 25 L. R. Ir. 24 127 Planagan r. Great Western Rail. Co., 19 L. T. (N.S.) 345 Plavell, Re, Murray v. Plavell, 25 Ch. D. 89 34, 39 124 Pletcher ?;. Ashbumer, 1 W. & T. L. Cas. 741 356 r. Fletcher, 4 Hare, 78 i>. Green, 33 Beav. 426 238,348,361,376 Flower and Met. Board, Re, 27 Ch. D. 592 ; 32 W. R. 1011 ... 220, 230, 234, 235, 236 Ployer i\ Banks, 8 Eq. 115 44,49,131 Foley D. Barry, 2 My. & K. 138 22 I). Bnrnell, 1 B. C. C. 277 356,357 V. Hill, 2 H. L. Cas. 28 366 V. Wontner, 2 Jac. & W. 245 ; 22 E. E. 110 284 Poligno, iJe, 32 Bear. 131 33.3,334 Ford, Re, Gilbert v. Gilbert, 63 L. T. 557 28 Forrest v. Forrest, 13 W. R. 380 ; 11 L. T. 763 ; 34 L. J. Ch. 428 11 Jur. (N.S.) 311 114 Porshaw v. Higginson, 8 D. M. & G. 827 20 Beav. 485 ; 5 W. R. 424 26 L. J. Ch. 342 ; 29 L. T. 43 ; 3 Jur. (N.S.) 476.. .191, 293, 334 ' v. Welsby, 30 Beav. 243 66, 70 Forster ^). Abraham, 17 Eq. 351 306 Portoscue v. Barnett, 3 My. & K. 36 3 L. J. (sr.s.) Ch. 106 ; 41R. E. 5 33 Foster, i?e, 55 L. T. 499 304 Foster and Lister, Re, 6 Ch. D. 87 25 W. E. 553 ; 46 L. .1. Ch. 480 36 L. T. 582 92 i?e, Lloyd r. Carr, 45 Ch. D. 629 178 D. Dauber, 8 W. E. 646 135 V. Elaley, 19 Ch. D. 518 ; 30 W. E. 596 ; 51 L. J. Ch. 275 ... 26 ). Hale, 3 Ves. 696 52,53 Fountain r. Pellet, 1 Ves. jun. 337, 342 179,181 Foulkes r. Metropolitan District Eail. Co., 5 C. P. D. 157 4 Poveaux,i;e,Crossi;.Loudon Antivivisectiou Society, [1895] 2 Ch. 501 65 Fowkes v. Pascoe, 10 Ch. App. 343, 349 108 114 115 Fowler, JJe, W. N. (1886), p. 183 295 Re, Fowler v. Odell, 16 Ch. D. 723 ; 29 W. R. 891 44 L. T. 99 184,199,260 V. Fowler, 33 Beav. 616 62 Fox f. Buckley, 3 Ch. D. 511 25 W. R. 107 7,383 389 V. Hawkes, 13 Ch. D. 822 ; 28 W. R. 656 ; 49 L. J. Ch. 579 : 42L. T. 622 38 V. Mackreth, 2 Wh. & Tu. 709 2 Cox, 320 ; 2 R. R. 55 ... 244 Francis i: Francis, 5 D. M. & G. 108 209, 238, 249 Eraser D. Murdoch, 6 App. Cas. 855 164,223 320 321 Freeman, Re, W. N. (1887), p. 210 ; 37 Ch. D. 148 242 .307 i: Pope, 5 Ch. App. 540 18 W. R. 906 ; 39 L. J. Ch. 689 23L.T. 14 7.5,79,80 ^ Preman, Re, Dimond v. Newburn, [1898] 1 Ch. 28 185 Preme r. Clement, 18 Ch. D. 514 44 L. T. 398 144 "', French t'. Hobson, 9 Ves. 103 369; ; ; ;

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TABLE OP CASES.FrithV. r.

XXXIUPAGK184

Cameron, 12 Eq. 169Oartland, 2T. 175

Hem. &M. 417

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14 "W. K. 493

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34 L. J. Ch. 301

;

12L.

v. Frost, 43 Ch. D. 246 Fry, Re, 40 Ch. D. 104 v. Tapson, 28 Ch. D. 268 33 W. R. 113 54 L. J. Ch. 224 51L. T. 326 196,214,221,224,347 Fryer, i?e, 3 Kay & J. 317; 5 "W. R. 552; 26 L. J. Ch. 398; 3 Jur. (N.S.) 485 221,236 Fnlham, Re, 15 Jur. (U.S.) 69 187 Fuller, ^f, [1900] 2 Ch. 551 301,317 i\ Knight, 6 Beav. 205 382,387; ; ;

Frost, Re, Frost

150,351,352 46 70

G.Gadd, Re, Eastwoodr. Clarke, 23 Ch. D. 134 31 W. R. 417 52 L. J. Ch. 396 48 L. T. 395 298 GafEee, iJe, 1 M. & G. 547 277,281 Gainsborough (Lord) v. Watcombe Terra Cotta Co., 54 L. J. Ch. 991 53 L. T. 117 250,344 Gale V. Gale, 6 Ch. D. 144 25 W. R. 772 36 L. T. 690 ... 28, 29, 31 Gardiner, Re, 33 Ch. D. 590 35 W. R. 28 55 L. T. 261 55L. J. Ch. 714 295, .305, 315 Gardner, Re, 10 Ch. D. 29 312 Garland, ^.r ^(irte, 10 Ves. 199 151,323 Gamer v. Moore, 3 Drew. 277 3 W. R. 497 273 Garnett, Re, Gandy r. Macauley, 31 Ch. D. 1 32 W. R. 474 ...331, 369, 373 Gamham v. Skipper, 34 W. R. 935 55 L. J. Ch. 263 53 L. T.;; ; ; ;

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Lauderdale, 3 Sim. 1 2 R. & M. 451 25 Garrett f. Wilkinson, 2 D. & S. 244 117 Gascoigne r. Thwing, 1 Ver. 366 104 127 Gaskell r. Chambers, 26 Beav. 360 Gasquoine, Re, Gasquoine v. Gasquoine, [1894] 1 Ch. 470 198 1^. Liddell, 35 Beav. 621 35 Gee General Estates Co., Re, 3 Ch. App. 758 16 W. R. 919 18 L. T. 894 391,399 271 Genery r. Fitzgerald, Jac. 468 263 Gent i;. Harrison, John. 517 270, 271 George, Re, 5 Ch. D. 837 37 L. T. 204 !;. Howard, 7 Price, 646 21 R. R. 775 114 ('. Milbanke, 9 Ves. 189 75 7 R. R. 157 320 German Mining Co., JZ, 4 D. M. & 6. 19 376 Gibbins r. Taylor, 22 Beav. 344 25 Gibbs !. Glamis, 11 Sim. 584 13 R. R. 88 ?). Rumsey, 2 V. & B. 294 104,112 244,251 Gibson t). Jeyes, 6 Ves. 277 5 R. R. 295 147 i;. Lord Montfort, 1 Ves. 485 Giffard (Lord) r. Fitzhardinge (Lord), [1899] 2 Ch. 32 68 L. J. Ch. 131 106 529 47 W. R. 618 81 L. T. 33, 40, 59 Gilbert v. Overton, 2 Hem. & M. 110 332, 335, 337 Giles, Re, 34 W. R. 712 46 L. T. 761 198, 344 Gilroy v. Stephen, 30 W. R. 755 Gisbome f. Gisbome, 2 App. Cas. 300 25 W. R. 516 46 L. J. Ch. 167, 256, 257, 261, 273 556 36 L. T. 564 68 L. J. Ch. 442 Gjers, Re, Cooper i-. Gjers, [1899] 2 Ch. 54 179, 181, 185 80 L. T. 689 47 W. R. 535r.;;

940 Garrard

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XXXIV

TABLE OP CASES.PAGE357;

Gladdon v. Stoneman, 1 Madd. 143 n Glenny and Hartley, Be, 25 Ch. D. 611;

32

W.

K. 457

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53 L.J. Ch.

296 417;50L. T. 79 94, 96 Glenorchy (Lord) v. Bosville, For. 3 2 W. & T. L. C. 763 43 Glover v. StrothofE, 2 B. C. C. 33 Godden, He, Teague v. Fox, [1893] 1 Ch. 292 62 L. J. Ch. 469 171,177 ... 68L.T.116 317 Godfrey, JSe, 23 Ch. D. 205 214 ,iJe,Godfreyi!. Faulkner, 23 Ch. D. 483 357... 76 58 L. T. 685 37 W. R. V. Poole, 13 App. Cas. 503 308 Godolphin ^. Godolphin, 1 Ves. sen. 21 234 337 Goldsworthy u. Knight, 11 M. & W. 324 Gompertz t'. Kensit, 13 Eq. 369 171, Goodenough, Me, Marland v. Williams, [1895] 2 Ch. 537 177, 344 168 r. Tremamondo, 2 Beav. 512 46 Goodier v. Johnson, 18 Ch. D. 441 334 Goodson V. Ellison, 3 Russ. 583 27 R. H. 127 ... 49 Goodwin, Be, 17 Eq. 345 22 W. R. 619-; 43 L. J. Ch. 258 Gordon, Be, Gordon -e. Roberts, 6 Ch. D. 531 ; 46 L. J. Ch. 794 135 37L. T. 627 277 Gosling . Gosling, Johns. 265 21 Gough V. Bult, 16 Sim. 323 327 . Etty, 20 L. T. 358 234,236 . Smith, W. N. (1872), p. 18 85 Gould, J?e, 19 Q. B. D. 92 25 1!. Robertson, 4 De G. & S. 509 183 Gow i;. Forster, 26 Ch. D. 672 105 Gowan v. White, 60 L. T. 931 38 Grant v. Grant, 34 Beav. 623 ..44, 48 Graves v. Dolphin, 1 Sim. 66 5 L. J. Ch. 45 27 R. R. 166 151 Gray, -Erparfei, 4 Dea. & Ch. 778; 2M. & A. 283 167, 173 29 W. R. 13 49 L. J. Ch. 819... V. Siggers, 15 Ch. D. 74 606 17 W. R. 716 18 L. T. Graybum i: Clarkson, 3 Ch. App. 197 495 127 Great Luxembourg Rail. Co. . Magnay. 25 Beav. 586 270, 271 Greaves, Be, Jones v. Greaves, [1900] 2 Ch. 683 96 1). Simpson, 10 Jur. (N.S.) 609 151, Green, .ffiBparis, 2Dea. &Ch. 116; 1 Jac. & W. 253 257, 262 19 46 L. J. Ch. 477 V. Carlill, 4 Ch. D. 882 . Marsden, 1 Dr. 646 22 1 W. R. 511 54 L. T. 738 34 W. R. 724 ...28, 38 V. Paterson, 32 Ch. D. 95 V. Spicer, 1 R. & M. 395 8 L. J. Ch. 105 32 R. R. 232 ... 48, 49, 281 17 W. R. 385 38 L. J. Ch. 220 V. Wynn, 4 Ch. App. 204 106 20L. T. 131 124 Greenway ^. Greenway, 29 L. J. Ch. 601 312 Greenwood, i;e, 27 Ch. D. 359 . Wakeford, 1 Beav. 581 293 Gregory 1). Gregory, 2 Y. & C. C. C. 313 221 V. Henderson, 4 Taunt. 772 14 E. E. 665 141 Gregson, JJc, [1893] 3 Ch. 233 314 Trusts. Be, 34 Ch. D. 209 56 L. J. Ch. 286 35 W. R. 286 291, 299, 305 Grenfell !). Dean, etc. of Windsor, 2 Beav. .554 41 Grenville-Murray v. Clarendon (Earl), 9 Eq. 11 18 W. R. 124 39 L. J. Ch. 221 21 L. T. 448 27;; ;

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TABLE OP CASES.. Luseombe, 2 Sw. 391 148 Hayter, iie, 32 W. E. 26 254 Head and Macdonald, jffe, 38 W. E. 657 159 Head v. Gould, [1898] 2 Ch. 250 ; 67 L. J. Ch. 480 ; 78 L. T. 739 199. 347, 348. 378 Headington, iZe, 6 "W. E. 7 27 L. J. Ch. 175 .332 Heardson SI. Williamson, 1 Kee. 33 ; 44 E. E. 7 143,147 Heartley 1). Nicholson, 19 Eq. 233 36 Heasman I'. Pearce, 7 Ch. App. 275 45 Heath v. Lewis, 2 D. M. & G. 954 52 Heming, iZe, 3 Kay & J. 40 332. .335 Hemming I'. Neil, 62 L. T. 649 220 Henderson ?;. M'lver, 3 Madd. 275 .. .. 226 r. Eothschild, 33 Ch. D. 459 25 Hengler, Be, Frowde v. Hengler, [1893] 1 Ch. 586 W. N. (1893), L. J. Ch. 383 37 62 68 L. T. 84 41 W. E. 491 ... 183,331 Henriquez r. Bensusan, 20 W. E. 350 25 Henry v. Armstrong, 18 Ch. D. 668 ; 44 L. T. 918 29, 67, 68 Hepworth r. Hepworth, 11 Eq. 10 19 W. E. 46 40 L. J. Ch. Ill 23L. T. 388 117 Hetherington, i?e, 34 Ch. D. 211 319 HetlingandMerton, iie,,68L. T. 749; 42W. E. 19... 22.5 ... ... Hewitt, i?e, 6 W. E. 537 311 Hibbert r. Hibbert, 3 Meri. 681 ; 17 E. E. 169 ... 26 t'. Cooke, 1 S. & S. 552 24 B. E. 225 184 Hickley t. Hickley, 2 Ch. D. 190 24 "W. E. 604 45 L. J. Ch. 401 34L.T.441 251 ; Higginbottom, Be, [1892] 3 Ch. 132 ; 62 L. J. Ch. 74 67 L. T.; ;:

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190 Holme, 19 Ves. 88 56 L. T. 426

29548, 81, 83

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TABLE OF CASES.HighwayHill,I).

XXXVll

PAGEBanner,1

Bro. C. C. 584(1874), 228;

Hill's Trusts, iie,

W. N.

Re, 75 L. T. 477 Be, Hill v. Pilcher, 65 L. J. Ch. 511 74 L. T. 460 44 W. R. 573 258 e. Bishop of London. 1 Atk. 626 103 V. Hill, [1897] 1 Q. B. 483 66 L. J. Q. B. 829 76 L. T. 103 45W. E. 371 28 Hilliard r. Fulford, 4 Ch. D. 889 219, 254, 388 Hillman, 7?e, 10 Ch. D. 622 91 Hinchinbrooke (Lord) v. Shipbrook, 16 Ves. 477 237 Hindmarsh, Re, 1 Drew. & Sm. 129 132 Hinton v. Hinton, 2 Ves. sen. 638 150 ... Hinves . Hinves, 3 Hare, 609 165 Hirst ?;. Hirst, 9 Ch. App. 262 337 Kitchens f. Congreve, 1 Ry. & M. 150 127 Hoare v. Osborne, 1 Eq. 585 14 W. R. 388 14 L. T. 9 35 L. J. Ch. 345 64 Hobbs f). Wayet, 36 Ch. 250 320,321 Hobday r. Peters, 28 Beav. 608 198 Hoblyn v. Hoblyn, 41 Ch. D. 200 60 L. T. 499 38 W. R. 12 ... 72 Hobson, Re, 53 L. T. 627 34 W. E. 70 171, 177 Hockey v. Western, [1898] 1 Ch. 350 67 L. J. Ch. 166 78 L. T. 1 46W. R. 312 280 Hodgkinson, Re, Hodgkinson v. Hodgkinson, [1895] 2 Ch. 190 64 L. J. Ch. 663 72 L. T. 617 43 W. R. 594 323, 385 Hodgson, ^a; ^arfe, 19 Ves. 208 48,81 Hoghton I'. Hoghton, 15 Beav. 299 66 Holbey c. Western, [1898] 1 Ch. 350 220 Holden, Re, 20 Q. B. D. 48 327 Holford, i?e, [1894] 3 Ch. 30 271 Holland, iJe, 16 Ch. D. 672 317 HoUoway . Eadcliffe, 28 Beav. 163 278 Holmes v. Dring, 2 Cox, 1 208 4!. Williams, W. N. (1895), 116 127 875 Holt, Re, 49 W. E. 650 Re, Holt -c. Holt, [1897] 2 Ch. 525 879, 381 Hood i). Oglander, 84 Beav. 513 34 L. J. Ch. .528 49,281 887 Hooper v. Smart, 1 Ch. D. 90, 98 Hope V. D'Hedouville, [1893] 2 Ch. 361 62 L. J. Ch. 589 68 L.T.. 174,176 516 Hopgood i>. Parkin, 11 Eq. 70 18 W. E. 908 22 L. T. 772 226, 228 162 Hopkins, iJe, 18 Eq. 696 Hopper V. Conyers, 2 Eq. 549 14 W. E. 628 12 Jur. (N.S.) 328. ..351, 355 23 Bear. 88 Hora I). Hora, 33 281 Horlock ?). Horlock, 2 De G. M. & G. 644 83 Home, -EK^aJiSe, 51L. T. 301 . Barton, 19 Ves. 398 97 320 Hosegood 1). Pedler, 66 L. J. Q. B. 18 13 T. L. R. 6 330,334 Hoskin, iJe, 5 Ch. D. 229 Hotchkys, Re, Freke v. Calmady, 32 Ch. D. 408 84 W. R. 569 55 L. J. Ch. 546 55 L. T. 110 179, 184, 199 184 Household, i?, 27 Ch. D. 558 142 Houston . Hughes, 6 B. & C. 403 How V. Earl Winterton, [1896] 2 Ch. 626 65 L. J. Ch. 832 75 L. T. 364,365 40;45W. R. 103 ... 165, Howe V. Dartmouth (Lord), 1 W. & T. L. Ca. 68 6 R. R. 96 166, 209,;

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TABLE OF CASES.VX'i^;

Howel, 2 Ves. 358 Howarth, Se, 8 Ch. App. 415

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K. 449

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42 L. J. Ch. 316;^; ;

,,2o(,2b2 ^ 65 L. J. Ch. 271 1", 17 73 L. T. 738 44 W. R. 289 249 Hughes, JEx parte, 6 Yes. 617 197 V. Empson, 22 Beay. 181 129' 9 E. R. 30 II. Kearney, 1 Sch. & Lef. 134 I'. Key, 20 Beav. 395 ^^* 13* 8 R. R. 364 V. Williams, 12 Vee. 493 369V. Wills, 9 Hare, 773 Hughes-Hall ett v. Indian Mammoth Gold Mines Co., 22 Ch. I). 561 322; 52 L. J. Ch. 418 48 L. T. 107 31 W. R. 285 66, 68, 71 Hnguenin *'. Baseley, 14 Ves. 273 9 R. R. 276 Hulkes, Sc, Powell v. Hulkes, 35 W. R. 194; W. N. (1886), HI

28L. T. 54i?e,

Hubbuok,

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v.

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217, 04:095, 100 v. Humberston, 1 P. Wms. 332 Richardson, 4 De G. P. & J. 29 ; 10 W. R. 558 ; 31 L. J. Ch. IJ* 713 6 L. T. 624 8 Jur. (N.S.) 686 293 Humphrey, Re, 1 Jur. (N.S.) 921 270 ... Humphries, Be, 62 L. J. Ch. 498 ; 41 W. R. 519 ; 68 L. T. 729 281, 283Hunt, Ee, Pollard v. Geake, [1900] W. N. 65 ^oT r. Bateman, 10 Ir. Eq. E. 360 278 Hunt-Poulston v. Purber, 3 Ch. D. 285 24 W. R. 756 68 Hunter D. Atkins, 3 My. & K. 113 41 E. E. 30 V. Bullock, 14 Eq. 45 ; 20 W. R. 460 ; 41 L. J. Ch. 637 ; "2 26 L. T. 349 ... 155, 163^ Hurst, Re, Addison v. Topp, 67 L. T. 96 ; 63 L. T. 665 188, 190, 209

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239 V. Hurst, 9 Ch. App. 762 22 Hutchings, Re, W. N. (1887), 217 304, 312 Hutchinson v. Stephens, 5 Sim. 499 44 R. R. 72 Hutton v. Annan, [1898] A. C. 289 67 L. J. P. C. 49 14 T. L. E. 200,208... 255 ... Huxtable, Esk parte, 2 Ch. D. 54 ; 24 W. E. 686 45 L. J. Bkcy. 59 87 B4L. T. T. 608 68Hylton V. Hylton, 2 Yes. 547; ; ; ;;

Ibbetson v. Elam, 1 Eq. 188 Imperial Land Co. of Marseilles, Re, 4 Ch. D. 566

162:;

46 L. J. Ch.243 196,214 211 257 332 387

235Partridge, 34 Beav. 412 Ingram, Re, 11 W. E. 980

Ingle

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Inwood

V.

Twyne, 2 Eden, 153

Irby, Re, 17 Beav. 334 . Irby, 25 Beav. 632

Irons V. Smallpiece, 2 B. & Aid. 551 ; 21 E. R. 395 Irvine v. SuUiyan, 8 Eq. 673 ; 17 W. R. 1083 104, 105, Irwin, J?e, Barton B. Irwin, W. N. (1895), 23 Isaac, Re, Cronbach v. Isaac, [1897] 1 Ch. 251 ; 66 L. J. Ch. 160 ; 75 L. T. 638 ; 45 W. R. 262 V. Wall, 6 Ch. D. 706

37108 331

324 131

TABLE OP CASES.

XXXIX

J.

PAGEJackson, Re, Jackson r. Talbot, 21 Ch. D. 786 263 127 V. Welsh, L. & G. temp. Plunk. 346 Jacob i\ Lucas, 1 Beav. 436 284 Jacubs V. Rylance. 17 Eq. 351 43 L. J. Ch. 280 332, 383 Jago 1'. Jago, 68 L. T. 654 138 James, Ex parte, 8 Ves. 337 1 Deac. & Ch. 272 245, 247, 321 1-. Couchman, 29 Ch. D. 212 69 126 V. Dean, 15 Ves. 236 8 K. R. 178 136 135, V. Erearson, 1 Y. & C. C. C. 370 . May, 6 H. L. Gas. 328 321 Jarratt v. Aldam, 9 Eq. 463 18 W. R. 511 39 L. J. Ch. 349 73 22L. T. 192 JefErey, Be, Burt r. Arnold, [1891] 1 Ch. 671 60 L. J. Ch. 470 270 64L. T. 622 32 Jeffries . Jeffries, Cr. & Ph. 138 89 Jenkins v. Keymis, 1 Lev. 150 320 Jervis t'. Wolferstan, 18 Eq. 24 398 Jervoise, Be, 12 Beav. 209 21 R. R. V. Northumberland (Duke of), 1 Jac. & W. 571 94,96 229 262 14 R. R. 215 r. Silk, 1 G. Coop. 52 263 Jesse . Lloyd, 48 L. T. 656 197 Job . Job, 6 Ch. D. 563 Jobson v. Palmer, [1893] 1 Ch. 71 62 L J. Ch. 180 67 L. T. 188,197 797 50 Jodrell T. Jodrell, 9 Bear. 45 25 Johns v. James, 8 Ch. D. 744 39 L. T. 54 26 W. R. 821 208 Johnson, Re, W. N. (1886), 72 322,323 iJe, Shearman . Robinson, 15 Ch. D. 548 251 v. Eesemeyer, 3 D. & J. 13 233 V. Newton, 11 Hare, 160 66,74 Johnston i;. Johnston, 52 L. T. 76 159 Baber, 8 Beav. 233 Johnstone 58 Jones V. Badley, 3 Ch. App. 362 342,344 X. Foxall, 15 Beav. 392 153 V. Goodchild, 3 P. Wms. 33 Higgins, 2 Eq. 538 ; 14 W. R. 448 35 L. J. Ch. 403 t 371 14L. T. 126 216 V. Julian, 25 L. R. Ir. 45 96 r. Langton, 1 Eq. Ca. Abr. 392 197 -y. Lewis, 2 Ves. 240 14 W. R. 149 13 L. T. 514 35 L. J. D. Locke, 1 Ch. App. 25 36,37 Ch.ll7 96 62 L. J. Ch. 592 V. Morgan, 1 Bro. C. C. 206 273 u. Powell, 4 Beav. 96 198,345 u. Searle,49L. T. 91 396 u. Smith, 1 Hare, 43 391 r. Thomas, 3 P. Wms, 243 40, 85, 88 Joseph V. Lyons, 15 Q. B. D. 280 276 Josselyn r. Josselyn, 9 Sim. 63 237 Joy !;. Campbell, 1 Sch. & Lef. 341 9 R. R. 39 398 Joyce I'. De Moleyns, 2 Jo. & Lat. 374 270 Judkin, .Re, 25 Ch. D. 743; ;

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TABLE OP CASES,K.PAGE

Kavanagh, J?e, 27 L. K. Ir. 495 Kay, Me, Mosley v. Kay, [1897] 2 Ch. 52474... ......

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66 L. J. 759

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Kaye D. Powell, 1 Ves. 408 Keen 1). Deardon, 8 East, 248 Kekewich v. Manning, 1 De G. M. & G. 176KellyV.

275 142; :

21 L. J. Ch. 577 33, 59 65 306 252 Kemp 4). Burn, 4 GifE. 348 Kempson v. Ashbee, 10 Ch. App. 15 23 W. R. 38 44 L. J. Ch. 72 348;20L. T. 71 107 Kendal v. Granger, 5 Beav. 300 133 V. Wood. L. R. 6 Ex. 248 141 Kenrick v. Beauclerc (Lord), 3 B. & P. 175 6 R. R. 746 ... 80 Kent V. Riley, 14 Eq. 190 20 W. R. 852 41 L. J. Ch. 569 Kershaw, Me, Whitaker v. Kershaw, 45 Ch. D. 320 60 L. J. Ch. 9 321 63L. T. 208 Kevan v. Crawford, 6 Ch. D. 29 26 W. R. 49 46 L. J. Ch. 729 75,83 37L. T. 332 220 Kilbee D. Sneyd, 2 Moll. 199 54, 119 86 R. R. 367 Kilpin V. Kilpin, 1 M. & K. 521 56,107 King, JJe, 21 L. R. Ir. 273 37 ^e, Sewell . King, 14 Ch. D. 177 103, 105, 106 ... 12 R. R. 227 V. Denison, 1 V. & B. 279 27 L. J. Ch. 29 6 W. R. 85 30 L. T. V. King, 1 D. & J. 608 333 177 328,329 D. Mullins, 1 Drew. 811 193,198 Kingdon ti. Castleman, 25 W. R. 345 185 Kingham v. Kingham, [1897] 1 Ir. 170 Kingston, etc., Co., Me (No. 2), [1896] 1 Ch. 279 65 L. J. Ch. 290 382 73 L. T. 745 44 W. R. 363 27 Kinloch v. Secretary of State for India, 15 Ch. D. 1 80 W. R. 845 154 Kirkham v. Booth, 11 Beav. 273 25 Kirman Daniel, 5 Hare, 499 326 Knapman, Ee, Knapman v. Wreford, 18 Ch. D. 300 ...188, 333, 334 Knight, Me, 27 Beav. 45 83 L. T. 54 5 Jur. (U.S.) 326 40 !). Bowyer, 23 Beav. 635 48 . Brown, 7 Jur.(N.S.)894 14 1). Knight, 8 Beav. 148 1). Majoribanks, 2 M. & G. 12 247, 252 !). Plymouth (Earl), 1 Dick, 120 282 301 Knight's Will, i?e, 26 Ch. D. 82 321, 828 Knott, Me, Bax v. Palmer, 56 L. J. Ch. 318 Knox, Me, [1895] 2 Ch. 483 64 L. J. Ch. 402 72 L. T. 416 313,324 43W. R. 442 !). Gye, L. R. 5 H. L. 656 42 L. J. Ch. 284 129,252 Johnson, 7 Ch. D. 60 26 W. R. 142 47 L. J. Ch. 132 Kronheim v. 52 37L. T. 751Nichols, 17 K.I.;;

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TABLE OP CASES.Laing, Re, Laing v. Eadcliffe, [1899] 1 Ch. 593 68 L. J. Ch. 230 47 \Y. E. 311 80 L. T. 228 Lake u. Gibson, 1 Eq. Ca. Ab. 290 Lambe, J?e, 28 Ch. D. 77 V. Eames, 6 Ch. App. 599 40 L. J. Ch. 447 23 L. T. 175; ; ;

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19W. K.659r.

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TABLE OF CASES.PAGE;

Lidiard, jBe, 14 Ch. D. 310

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307 42L. T. 621 Life Association of Scotland v, Siddal, 3 De G. F. & J. 58 9 W. K. 369 541 4 L. T. (n.s.) 311 7 Jnr. (U.S.) 785 307 Lightbody, iJe, 33 W. K. 452 65 L. J. Q. B. 34 73 L. T. 428 Liles V. Terry, [1895] 2 Q. B. 679 72 44W. E. 116 374 Lingard D. Bromley, 1 V. & B. 114 12 K. E. 195 70 Ledger, 2 Giff. 137 Linqnate 277,281 Linyee, iJe, 23 Beav. 241 73 4 Eq. 30 ; 15 W. E. 547 Lister v. Hodgson, 21 Little D. Neil, 10 W. E. 692 388 Livesey v. Livesey, 3 Enss. 287 6 L. J. Ch. 13 298 Lloyd, Se, 27 L. J. Ch. 246 394 V. Banks, 3 Ch. App. 448 17 W. E. 702 38 L. J. Ch. 458 V. Lloyd, 7 Bq. 458 104 20L. T.898 2 Sim. (N.S.) 255 44, 50. 62 V. 151 4 Dr. & War. 554 f. Lloyd's Bank v. Bullock, [1896] 2 Ch. 192 65 L. J. Ch. 680 395 74 L. T. 687 44 W. K. 633 12 T. L. E. 435 278 Loch V. Bayley, 4 Eq. 122 Lockhart v. Eeilly, 1 D. & J. 464 25 L. J. Ch. 697 4 W. E. 438 27 L. T. 49 196, 200, 212, 213, 375, 377 Locking v. Parker, 8 Ch. App. 30 42 L. J. Ch. 35 27 L. T. 635 366 21W. E. 113 258 Lofthouse, JJe, 29 Ch. D. 921 London, etc. Banking Co. r. London, etc. Bank, 21 Q. B. D. 542 ... 108 etc. Co. V. Dnggan, [1893] A. C. 506 391, 394 45 & South Western Eail. Co. v. Gomm, 20 Ch. D. 562 ... Joint Stock Bank v. Simmons, [1892] A. C. 201 399 Longley, 13 Eq. 133 20 W. E. 227 ; 41 L. J. Ch. 168 Longley v. 104 25L.T. 736 Longton r. Wilsby, 76 L. T. 770 126,245 Longuet ?). Hockley, 22 L. T. 198 187 Lord and Enllerton, Be, [1896] 1 Ch. 228 65 L. J. Ch. 184 73 L. T. 689 44 W. K. 195 135 Love, Be, Hill v. Spurgeon, 29 Ch. D. 348 323, 324 Low V. BoHTerie, [1891] 3 Ch. 82 60 L. J. 594 ; 65 L. T. 533 156, 255 !). Peers, Wil. Op. & Jud. 375 44 Lowndes, ^e, 18 Q. B. D. 677 87 Lowry r. Fulton, 9 Sim. 115 8 L. J. Ch. 314 ; 47 E. E. 188 ... 137 Carlton, 2 Atk. 242 Lowther t. 398 Lncan (Earl of), iJe, Hardinge ?j. Cobden, 45 Ch. D. 470 33 Lnddy's Trustee v. Peard, 33 Ch. D. 500 251 Luke V. South Kensington Hotel Co., 11 Ch. D. 121 27 W. E. 514 48 L. J. Ch. 361 40 L. T. 638 223, 234, 235 Luptn i). White, 15 Ves. 432 10 E. E. 94 352 Lyddon u. Ellison, 19 Beav. 565 2 W. E. 690 100 Lynch Blosse, Be, Eichards v. Lynch Blosse (1899), W.N. 27 ... 175, 344 Lynn v. Bearer, T. & E. 66 23 E. E. 185 104 Lyon I). Mitchell, W. N. (1899), 27 178 Ljsaght V. Edwards, 2 Ch. D. 499 24 W. E. 778 45 L. J. Ch. 554 34L. T. 787 287 Lyse V. Kingdom, 1 Coll. 184 348 Lyster i: Burroughs, 1 Dr. & W. 149 20;;

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TABLE OF CASES.

xliii

M.PAGEM., Ee, [1899] 1 Ch. 79 68 L. J. Ch. 86 47 W. E. 267 79 L. T.' 459 302, 304 Maberley r. Turton, 14 Ves. 499 257,262 Macdonald r. Irvine, 8 Ch. D., p. 112 26W.R. 381; 38L.T. 155 47L. J. Ch.494 166, 169 Mackay v. Douglas, 14 Eq. 406 20 W. K. 652 41 L. J. Ch. 539 26L. T. 721 80 Mackenzie's Trusts, ^e, 28 Ch. D. 750 206 Mackie (!. Herbertson, 9 App. Cas. 303 31 Mackinnon r. Stewart, 1 Sim. (n.s.) 88 25 Mackintosh r. Pogose, [1895] 1 Ch. 505 64 L. J. Ch. 274; 72 L. T. 251 43 W. R. 247 81, 85, 87, 89 Mackreth r. Symmons, 2 Wh. & Tu. 926 ; 15 Ves. 329 10 R. R. 8.5 129, 391 Maclean, i2. Stanley, 7 Ch. D. 589 .372. 383, 389 ... . ... 37 L. T. 777 ... 26 Stanniar i). Evans,' 34 Ch. b. 470 53, 58 Stead, Re, Witham v. Andrew, [1900] 1 Cb. 237 ... 22 L . Mellor, 5 Ch. D. 225 25 W. K. 508 36 L. T. 498 260 Steen, i?e, Steen B. Peebles. 25 L. R. Ir. 544 L. T. 207 ... 355 Stenning, Re, Wood v. Stenning, [1895] 2 Ch. 433 73 39 L. J. Ch. 337 18 W. R. 278 Stewart v. Sanderson, 10 Eq. 26 209 22L. T. 10 214,238,249 Stickney?). Sewell, IMy.&Cr. 8;43R. R. 129 42 L. J. Ch. 230 Stock V. McAvoy, 15 Eq. 55 21 W. R. 521 117 27L. T. 441 337 Stocken, Re, Jones v. Hawkins, 38 Ch. D. 319 242 V. Dawes, 6 Beav. 371 41 L. J. Ch. 290 26 L. T. 20 W. R. 396 Stokes, Re, 13 Eq. 333; ;

;

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;_

;

;

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;

;

;

;

292,293,334 181 67 L. J. Ch. 69 77 L. T. 595 V. Prance, [1898] 1 Cb. 212 159,213,385 46W. R. 183 75 Stokoe !;. Cowan, 29 Beav. 637 43 2 Anst. 533 3 R. R, 622 Stone . Lidderdale, 96 Stonor !). Curwen, 5 Sim. 268 35 R. R. 156 179, 187, 188, 259, 321 Stott V. Milne, 25 Ch. D. 710 162 Straker 1-. Wilson, 6 Ch. App. 503 "... 369 Strange V. Eooks, 4 Giff. 408 96 Streatfield v. Streatfield, 1 Wh. & Tu. L. C. 416 214 Strettoni-. Ashmall, 3 Dr. 12 3 W. R. 4; 24L. J. Ch. 277 Strickland v. Aldridge. 9 Ves. 219 7 R. R. 292 53, 56 D. Symons, 26 Ch. D. 243 26,322 66 L. J. Ch. 780 Stuart, Re, Smith v. Stuart, [1897] 2 Ch. 583 77 L. T. 128 46 W. R. 41 359, 360 f. Norton, 14 Moo. ^. C. 17 225 1-. Stuart, 3 Beav. 430 161 Stubbs I'. Sargon, 2 Keen, 255 ; 3 My. & Cr. 507 7 L. J. (n.S.) Ch. 95;44R.R. 241 103,107 Styles . Guy, 1 M. & G. 423 19 L. J. Ch. 185 208, 237 Sudeley (Lord) and Baines & Co., i?(?, [1894] 1 Ch. 334 279 Sunter ii. Great Western Rail Co., 23 W. R. 126 159 Susanni, i?e, 47 L. J. Ch. 65 21 Sutton, i?e,12Ch.D. 175;27 W:R. 529;48L. J. Ch. 350 332 t\ Jones, 15 Ves. 587 249 r. Wilder, 12 Eq. 377 19 W. R. 1021 ; 41 L. J. Ch. .30 ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;-,

;

;

;

;

25L.T. 292Swaffieldv.

218

Nelson,

W.

N. (1876), at

p.

255

200, 212, 213

TABLE OF CASES.Swain, i?^, Swain r. Bringeman, [1891] 3 Ch. 233 Swale V. Swale, 22 Beav. 584 Swan, i?^, 2 Hem. & M. 34

Iv

PAGE361 235 261,333 Swasey r. American Bible Society, 57 Meri. B27 64 Sweetapple 11. Bindon, 2 Ver. 536 98 Swinnock f. De Crispe, Free. 78 257,262 Sykes r. Sykes, 13 Eq. 56 20 W. E. 90 41 L. J. Ch. 25 25 L. T. 560 44,49 Symes r. Hughes. 9 Eq. 475 39 L. J. Ch. 304 22 L. T. 462 109111, 119 Synnot r. Simpson, 5 H. L. Cas. 241 25, 26;;

;

;

;

:

TTabor

,

v.

^e, 15 Ch. D. 78 Brooks. 10 Ch. D. 273

187;

48 L. J. Ch. 130

;

39 L. T. 528

:

167,

256, 258 Tailby . Official Receiver, 13 App. Cas. 523 41 Tait i-. Lathbury, 1 Eq. 174 97 Talbot r. Jevers, 20 Eq. 255 276 1-. Marshfield, 3 Ch. App. 622 252 1. O'SuUiTan, 6 L. R. Ir. 302 23 i: Radnor (Earl), 3 My. & K. 252 41 E. R. 64 ... 217, 334 (Earl) 1). Scott, 4 Kay & J. 139 356,357 TaUatire, JBe, W. N. (1885), p. 191 297,306 Tankard, Me, [1899J 2 Q. B. 57 68 L. J. Q. B. 670 47 W. R. 624 Sr, 80 L. T. 500 Tanqneray, Willanme, and Landau. He, 20 Ch. D. 479 30 W. R. 801 140, 147 51 L. J. Ch. 434 46 L. T. 542 19 Tappenden r. Walsh, 1 Ph. 352 .374 Tarleton r. Hornby, 1 Y. & C. Ex. .936 Tasker c. Small, 3 My. & Cr. 69 45 R. R. 211 6 Sim. 625 28 5 L. J. (N.S.) Ch. 321 .372 Tatam !;. Williams, 3 Hare, 347 15 L. T. 549 68, Tate i: Williamson, 2 Ch. App. 55 15 W. R. 321 72, 251 Wade, [1894] 1 Ch. 671 63 L. J. Ch. 424 Taylor, Re, Taylor v. .382.388 70 L. T. 556 42 W. R. 373 7 34 W. R. 175 V. Blacklock, 55 L. J. Ch. 99 109 V. Chester, L. R. 4 Q. B. 309 176 I. Clark, 1 Hare, 161 79 34 L. T. 18 V. Coenen, 1 Ch. D. 636 152 ;;. Haygarth, 14 Sim. 8 60,63 34 L. J. Ch. 203 f. Meades, 13 W. R. 394 351353 2 Rose, 415 16 R. R. 361 V. Plumer, 3 M. & S. 562 264 1-. Tabrnm, 6 Sim. 281 121 !). Taylor, 3 De G. M. & G. 190 Teasdale v. Braithwaite, 4 Ch. D. 90 46 L. J. Ch. 725 36 L. T. 92 25 W. R. 546 601 192 Tebbs . Carpenter, 1 Madd. 291 16 R. R. 224 58 Tee . Ferris, 2 Kay. & J. 3.57.

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;

;

;

;

:

;

;

;

;

;

;

;

;

:

;

;

;

;

Tempest, He,i:

1

Ch. App. 485;

30621 Ch. D. 571;

Camoys (Lord), 35 Beav. 201;

31

W.R.

326

;

51 L. J. Ch. 785

48 L. T. 13;

Temple ^. Thring, 56 L. J. Ch. 767 Tennant v. Trenchard,-4 Ch. App. 547856

38 L. J. Ch. 169

;

19,258,2.59 198 20 L. T.

244

^

Ivi

TABLE OP CASES.PAGE

2(i:J Thatcher, He, 26 Ch. D. 426 46Thellussonr. Woodford, 11 Yes. 112; 8 R.E. 104 181 Thomas, i?. Baker, 2 Wh.&Tu. 1 Thorndike r. Hunt, 3 D. & J. 56 7 W.;

393 130

E. 246

;

28 L. J. Ch. 417;

;

32L. T. 346Thoinev.; ;

397

Heard, [1895] A. C. 495 64 L. J. Ch. 652 73 L. T. 365 291 44 W. E. 155 Thorpe, Be. Vipont r. Badcliffe, [1891] 2 Ch. 360 60 L. J. Ch. 529 64L. T. 654 246 i. Owen, 5 Beav. 224 2 W. E. 208 23 L. J. Ch. 286 35 ... Thursby v. Thursby, 19 Eq. 395 23 W. E. 500 44 L. J. Ch. 289 32L. T. 187 167,172 Thurston v. Dickerson, 2 Eich. Eq. 317 184 Tibbits x. Tibbits. 19 Ves. 657 23 E. E. 79 22 Tickner r. Old, 18 Eq. 422 22 W. E. 871 31 L. T. 29 ... 166, 169 Tidd, Re, Tidd v. Overell, [1893] 3 Ch. 154 131 Tierney r. Wood, 19 Beav. 330 3 W. R. 577 23 L. T. 266 ... 52 Tillott, Be, Lee r. Wilson, [1892] 1 Ch. 86 61 L. J. Ch. 38 65 L.T. 781 252,254 Titley r. Wolstenholme, 7 Beav. 425 289 Todd, Ex parie, 19 Q. B. D. 186 56 L. J. Q. B. 431 35 W. E. 676 85 t. Moorhonse, 19 Eq. 69 131,181 !;. Studholme, 3 Kay & J. 324 385 Toller u. Atwood, 15 Q. B. 929 20 L. J. Q. B. 40 148 Tomhnson, Me, [1898] 1 Ch. 232 67 L. J. Ch. 97 78 L. T. 12i

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:

:

46W.E.299Tooke T. Hollingworth, 5 T. E. 277 2 E. E. 573 Topham v. Spencer, 2 Jur. (U.S.) 865 Toutt, J?e, 26 Ch. D. 45 Townley v. Sherborne, Bridg. 35 2 Wh. & Tu. 629; ;

181,185 352 128 295,317 234' 236;

Townsend, Me, [1895]

1

Ch. 716

;

64 L. J. Ch. 334

43W.E.Townsonv.

72 L. T. 321

:

392:

142,148

681;37W. E.83Travis, Me, Frost%.

Harrison, 43 Ch. D. 55 ; 59 L. J. Ch. 1 69 38 W. E. 265 61 L.T. 762 .. "" r. Tickell, 3 B. & A. 31 22 E. R. 291 v. Machonochie, 39 Ch. D. 116 ; 57 L. J. Ch. 936 59 L.T.; :

180135

50.....'.

Greatorex, [1900] 2 Ch. 541 Tregonwell . Sydenham, 3 Dow. 210 ; 15 E. E. 40 Trevor v. Trevor, 1 P. & W. 622 ; 1 H. L. Cas. 239 Trowell v. Shenton, 8 Ch. D. 318 ...

li2 276 106,107' 112 96 99 89' 91

TABLE OF CASES.Trutcbr.

Ivii

PAGBLampvell, 20 Bear. 116 237 Tucker, Re, Tucker i\ Tucker, [1894] 1 Cli. 124 63 L. J. Ch. 737 71L. T. 453 207 r. Bennett, 38 Ch. D. 1 72 ^y children that is an express trust created by precatory words. or ambiguous words, p,nd would be called by some writers an implied trust.2. A.,

requests

;

10Art.3.

:

PRELIMINARY DEFINITIONS.

Illusteations of PaeageaphResultingtrust.

(2).

property to B. in trust for C, Here the trust in favour of C. lapses but, as it is obvious that the testator never intended that B. should have the beneficial interest in the property, equity constructs a trust in favour of A.'s heir, or residuary devisee, or personal representatives, or residuary1. A.,

by his;

will, gives

who

dies before the testator.

legatee, as the case

may

require.

That

is

an example of

that species of " constructive trust " which is known as a " resulting trust," from the Latin verb resultare, to spring

back.Pureconstructivetru.st.

2. A trustee of a leasehold house, at the termination of the lease, uses his position to induce the landlord to renew

the lease to him.trustee to

Here, equity regards the attempt of the snatch a personal benefit for himself in an-

tagonism to his beneficiaries, as an act of ill-faith, and wiU consequently decree that the trustee must hold the newlease

one.

upon the same trusts as he held the old and expired That is an instance of a constructive trust, which is

not a resulting one.

Art.

4.

Definitions of Simple Trusts.

and Special

In relation to the nature of the duty imposed on the trustee, trusts are divided into simple andspecial trusts(1)

A

simple trust is a. trust in which the trustee is a mere passive depositary of the trust property, with no active duties to perform, and who would, on the requisition of his beneficiaries, be compellable in equity to convey the estate

;

SIMPLE AND SPECIAL TRUSTS.to

11Art.4.

tion.

them or according Such a trustee is

to their direccalled a passive

trustee.(2)

A

special trustis

is

a trust in which a trustee

appointed to carry out some scheme particularly pointed out by the settlor, and is called upon to exert himself actively in the execution of the settlor'sintention. The trustee of a trust is called an active trustee.special

Illusteations.i.

for C.

A. devises property unto and to the use of B. in trust Simple Here the trust is a simple trust, as the only dutyto performis

trust,

which B. has

to convey the legal estate to C.

and B.

is

a passive trustee.Special trust

2. Again, if the trust had been during C.'s life to collect the rents and profits, and to pay thereout the cost of repairs and insurance, and to pay the residue of such rents

and

profits to C.

during his

life,

and

after C.'s death to hold

the property in trust for D., the trust would have been aspecial trust during thelife of

C, and B. would have beenwould

an

active trustee

;

for the trustee during that period

have had active duties to perform. But upon C.'s death, the trust would have become a simple trust, and B. a passive trustee, inasmuch as, although there were originally active duties attached to the trustee's office, those duties lapsed by the death of C. and the only duty which remained was to convey the legal estate to D.,

;

DIVISION

II.

DECLABED OB EXPBESSTBUSTS.CHAPTERI.

Introduction

-

PAGE 1214

II.

Matters essential to the primd facie Validity of an Express TrustValidity of declared Trusts in relation to latent

III.

Matters

-

-

59 94

IV.

The Construction of declared Trusts

-

CHAPTEEAet.

I.

INTRODUCTION.6.

Analysis of a Declared or ExpressTrust.

(1)

A validmadeif

and binding express

trust is

prima

facie(a)

the settlor has used language evincing an intention to create a trust {a), and such intention is not negatived by the surrounding circumstances {h)

(b)

the trust is either created by will, or based upon valuable consideration or (if neither) the trust property has been either transferred to a trustee, or the settlor has;

(a) Art. 6.

(6)

Art.

7.

;

;

;

;

INTRODUCTION.

13it

constituted himself a trustee of purposes of the trust (c)(c)

for the

Art.

5.

the trust property is of such a nature as to be capable of being settled {d) (d) the object of the trust is lawful (e) (e) the settlor has complied with the provisions of the law as to evidence (/).

These prima facie essentials examined at length in Chapter II.(2)

will

be

But

a trust,

prima facie

valid,

mayor

yet be

impeachable from(a)

incapacity of thebeneficiaries(li);

settlor {g),

of the

(b)

some mistake madeon the

by, or fraud practised{%);

settlor, at its creation

(c)

fraudulent intention by the settlor, to defeat or delay his creditors (k);

(d)

(e)

infringement of the provisions of the Bankruptcy Acts (Z) fraudulent intention by the settlor to defeat the claims of future purchasers

from him (m).

These latent flaws Chapter III.

will be considered in

(3) And lastly, the circumstances under which the trust was created, may be such as to necessitate a very liberal construction being given to the language in which it was declared, so as to give efiect to the manifest intentions of the

settlor {n).

These questionsArt. 12. Art. 13. (i) Art. 14, (k) Art. 15.(g) (h)

of construction will

be dealt with in Chapter IV.(c)

Art.

8.

(d) Art. 9.(e)

Art. 10. (/) Art. 11.

(I) Art. 16. (m) Art. 17. (n) Art. 18.

(

;

;

14

)

CHAPTEEART.6.

II.

MATTERS ESSENTIAL TO THE PRIMA FACIEVALIDITY OF AN EXPRESS TRUST.Language evincing an intentionTruststo create

a Trust-

7.-0/ Illusory8.

PAGE14 24

How far

Valuable Consideration necessarycapable of being

to

hind Settlor

or his Representatives9.

27

Wliat PropertyTrust

is

made

the Subject of

a39 4352;

10. 11.

The Legality of

Expressed Object of the Trust Necessity or otherwise of Writing and Signaturethe

Aet.

6.

Language evincing an intentioncreate

to

a Trust.

the

No technical expressions are needed for creation of an express trust {a). It is sufficient if the settlor indicates with reasonable certainty(1):

(a)

an intention to create a trustthe purpose of the trustthe beneficiaries;

(b)(c)

and(h).

(d)(2)

the trust property

In particular

it

has been held that

:

(a)

an

imperative direction that property be held for certain expressed purposes creates a trust (c)shall;

(a)(5)

Dipple Knight

v. Corles, 11 v. Knight, 3

Hare, 183 ; Cox Beav. 148.

v.

Page, 10 Hare, 163.

(c) As to how far gifts " upon condition " or " subject to legacies " or the like, create trusts, as distinguished from charges or conditions, see CvMningham v. Foot, 3 App. Cas. 974, and cases there cited.

;

LANGUAGE CREATING TRUST.(b)

15Art.6.

an agreementtrust

for valuable consideration that a trust shall be created, creates a

(c)

a

powerclass(cZ),

of

may

in create a trust in favour of the objects of the power, if there appears to be an intention to beneiit them (/);

over

appointment among a unaccompanied by a gift default of appointment (e),

(d)

a

gift by will to a person, followed by precatory words expressive of the donor's request, recommendation, desire, hope or confidence, that the property will be applied in favour of others, may create a trust, if on the whole will it appears that the testator intended the words to be imperative and the subject of the gift is well defined and certain (^). The current ii of modern authority is, however, ag*ainst construing precatory words as^'^ to the rules as to voluntary trusts set forth in Art. 8, infra) the mere omission to name a trustee will not invalidate the trust for it is a maxim of equity that it never allows a trust to fail for want of a trustee. Thus, where, before the Married Women's Property Act, 1882 (45 & 46 Vict. c. 75), money was bequeathed to a married woman for her separate use, it became at law the husband's property but in equity the executors were regarded as trustees for the wife, because the intention to create a trust (by which alone the separate use could have any

;

;

effect)

was

clear (m).

3. So if the trustee appointed, fails, either by death (w), Failmu of or disclaimer (o), or incapacity {p), or otherwise (g), the trustee, trust does not fail, but fastens upon the conscience of any person (other than a purchaser for value without notice) and such person into whose hands the property comes (r) holds it as a passive trustee, whose duty is to convey it to new trustees when properly appointed (s).;

5. Again, if before the Land Transfer Act, 1897 (60 & Direction in 61 Vict. c. 65), a testator directed a sale of lands and a divi- f will that ' ,, TTi land sliail sion of the proceeds, but named no person to sell, and. aid i^^ sold, not in terms devise the property, it descended at law to his heir but the latter was regarded in equity as a mere passive trustee, who was bound to convey the legal estate to trustees appointed by the court for the purpose of carrying out the In cases since the Land Transfer Act, 1897, trust (i).;

V. Briggs, 2 Ph. 583. Rollfe V. Budder, Bunb. 187 ; Tappeiiden v. Walsh, 1 Ph. 352 Prichard v. Ames, T. & R. 222 ; Green v. Carlill, 4 Ch. D. 882 ; and see Bennett v. Davis, 2 P. W. 216. (n) Moggridge v. Thadcwell, 3 B. C. C. 528; Att.-Gen. v. Downing, Amb. 552 ; Tempest v. Lord Camoys, 35 Beav. 201. (o) Backhouse v. Backhouse, quoted by Lew. 678 ; Rohson v. Flight,(I)

White

(to)

4 De

G. J. & S. 608. (p) Sarley v. Clockmakers' Oo., 1 B. C. C. 81. M. & K. 347. iq) Att.-Gen. v. Stephens, 3 (r) See per WiLMOT, C.J., Att.-Gen. v. Lady Downing, Wil. 21, 22. 608. () Robson V. Flight, 4 De G. J. & S. (t) lb., and Pitt v. Pelham, Free. 134.

'20

DBCLAEED OR EXPEESS TRUSTS.Art.6.

however,

it is

of the testator (acting as his real representatives)

apprehended that the personal representatives would besell

the persons to

the property.

Illusteations of PaeagbaphContracts to create trusts1.

(2)

(b).

The most usual instancefieri,

of

trusts

arising out

ofis-

contract (or trusts inafforded

to use a technical expression)

by marriage articles. Not infrequently it would take so long to draw up a formal settlement, that the marriage would be unduly delayed if it were postponed until the settlement was executed. In such cases, articles of agreement are signed, by which, in consideration of themarriage, the parties agree to execute a formal settlement,,vesting certain property;

upon

trusts indicated

more or

less

roughly and thereupon equity, regarding that as donewhich ought to be done, fastens a trust on the property, and regards any dealings with it inconsistent with theagreement, not only as a breach of contract, but also asa breach of trust.2. A marriage settlement contains a covenant by the intended husband that he will transfer to the trustees any property which may accrue to him in right of his wife during the marriage. Upon any property becoming vested

him jure mariti, he immediately becomes a trustee of it, upon trust to transfer it to the trustees and until that is done he himself holds it upon the trust declared in thein;

settlement

[u).

Illusteations of PaeageaphPowersill

(2)

(c).

1.

With regard

to trusts created

by words empoweringgiftis

of irastr*'

appoint to a class, with no appointment, the leading illustration'^iio^^er to

cox

(x).

There,

a

over in default pf v. Philtestator directed that certain stock

Burrough

{u) Lewis V. Madocks, 8 Ves. 150 ; Wdlesley r. Wellesley, 4 M. & C 561 ; Lyster v. Burrmighs, 1 Dru. & War. 149 ; Hastie v. Hastie ' 2 Ch. D. 304 ; Agar v. George, ih. 706 Cornmell v. Keith, 3 Ch. 767 Se Turcan, 40 Ch. D. 5 7?e Clarice, Coombe v. Carter, 36 Ch. D. 348."" But as to the efifect of the covenantor's bankrupted' before the expectance vests, see CoHyer v. Isaacs, 19 Ch. I). 342.;

D

;

{x) 5

My. &

C. 72.

LANGUAGE CREATING TRUST.should stand in his

21remainArt.6.

name, and certain

real estates

unalienated "until the following contingencies are completed." He then proceeded to give life estates to Ijischildren, with remainder to their issue,if

and declared, that

his children should both die without issue, the properties

should be disposed of as after mentioned, namely, the survivor of his children should have power to dispose by willof

the said real and personal estate amongst the testator's

nephews and

nieces, or their children, either all to one of them, or to as many of them as his, the testator's, surviving child should think proper. It was held that a trust was

created in favour of the testator's nephews and nieces, andtribution

power of selection and disLord Cottenham saying, " Where there appears a general intention in favour of a class, and a particulartheir children, subject only to a;.

intention in favour of individuals of a class to be selected

by another person, and the

particular intention fails from

that selection not being made, the court will carry into effect the general intention in favour of the class."

where a testator gave personalty to his widow by her will, " therewith to a.pply part for charity, the remainder to be at her disposal2.so,

And

for

life,

and

to be at her disposal

among my

relations, in;

such proportions as she

may

be

and the widow died without appointing the property it was held that half was to be held in trust for charitable purposes, and the residue for the testator's;

pleased to direct "

relatives according to the Statutes of Distribution

(2/).

The fact of there being a gift over in default of selection, Gift ovei in however, fatal to any trust under the present rule, even " Costin, 21 ih. 401. (d) 24 W. R. 957. Qucere whether, if the settlement had been made; ; ;

since the Judicature Acts, the omission to give notice to the debtor (yould not have been fatal. (e) Re Patrick, Bills v. Tatham, [1891] 1 Ch. 82.

HOW PAS VALUABLEthan healate S.

CONSIDERATION NECESSARY.moreArt.8.

35

I will take care that he (the legatee) shall have 1,000is

entitled to

memorandum

Subsequently he signed in these words: " By the will, etc., of thewill."J.

by the

G. (the executor) pays to T. W. sum of 120 by two equal payments, viz., the 6th July and the 6th January in each year, being interest at four per cent, on 3,000." He also signed a further memorandum, stating that he had told the legatee that he should make the 2,000 up to 3,000 and down to his death he in fact paid interest on the 3,000. On these

G. the said

(the legatee), the annual

;

facts, it

was held that the executor had

effectually declared

himself a trustee of the additional thousand (/).8. Again, a testatrix gave her personal estate to B. for the benefit of B.'s daughters. B. invested the produce, together with 1,000 of his own moneys, in stock in his own name, and afterwards treated and admitted the aggregate fund as held in trust for his daughters. On his -death the fund was found mixed with like funds of his own. It was held that, under the circumstances, there was

sufficient to show that B. considered himself a trustee of the 1,000 in favour of his daughters (g).9. In Ex parte Dubost (h), the alleged settlor wrote to an agent in Paris, authorising him to purchase (and the agent .accordingly did purchase) an annuity for the benefit of a lady whom he named but as the lady was married, and also deranged, the annuity was purchased in the name of the settlor. The settlor then sent the agent a power of attorney, authorising him to transfer the annuity to the It lady, which he did not do till after the settlor's death. was nevertheless held, that the settlor had considered himself a mere trustee for the lady, and had never intended the annuity for himself, but for her, and that therefore the trust;

was good.{/) Gee V. Liddell, 35 Beav. 621 ; and see also New, etc. Trustee v. Hunting, [1897] 2 Q. B. 19. a,ndseeaXsoArmstrmigY. Timperon, (r/) Thorpe Y. Oiweji, 5 Beav. 224 W.' N. (1871), p. 4. (h) 18 Ves. 140 (otherwise JEx parte Pye) ; and see also Ee Bellasls, 12 Eq. 218.;

36Art.8.

DECLARED OR EXPRESS TRUSTS.10.

On

the other hand, although some judges have held

Imperfect gift not construed asdeclarationof trust.

that an instrument executed as a present assignment (but in reality not operative as such) is equivalent to a declara(i), the balance of authority is unmistakeably the other way, on the ground that an intention to create a trust is essential to the creation of one, and that when

tion of trust

a man purports to make a gift or an assignment, he cannot reasonably be supposed to have intended to declare himself a trustee a character which assumes that he retains the

property.settlor

Thus

in Antrohus

v.

Smith

{k),

the alleged

him

the following endorsement on a share held by in a public company: " I do hereby assign to myall

made

daughter B.enclosedtion."

my right,all

title

and

interest of

and

in the

call,

and

other

The share was;

the F. and C. Naviganot handed over to the daughter,calls, in

and the endorsement did not operate as a valid assignment but it was attempted to enforce the assignof the share ment by contending that the endorsement operated as a'

valid declaration of trust.this view, the

The

court,

however, rejected:

" Mr. Crawiurd was not in form declared a trustee, nor was that mode of doing what he proposed in his contemHe meant a gift, and there is no case in plation. which a party has been compelled to perfect a gift which in the mode of making it he has left imperfect."

Master

of the Eolls saying

(the alleged settlor)

.

.

.

11. Again, a settlor had children by a first wife, and one son (an infant) by a second wife. One day on his return from a journey, the infant's nurse said, "You have come(') In Richardson v. Richardson, 3 Eq. 686, Vice-Chancellor Wood (afterwards Lord Hathebley), and in Morgan v. Malleson, 10 Eq. 475, Lord RoMiLLY, and in BadderUy v. Badderley, 9 Ch. D. 113, ViceChancellor Malins. This view has been expressly dissented from by Vice-Chancellor Bacon in Warriner v. Rogers, 16 Eq. 340, and by Sir George Jessel, M.R., in Richards v. Ddbridge, 18 Eq. 11, and by Vice-Chancellor Hall in Breton v. Woollven, 17 Ch. D. 416. The decision also seems to be inconsistent with Lord Cranwobth's judgment in Jones v. Locke, 1 Ch. App. 25, and with Heartley v. Nicholson, 19 Eq. 233, and Re Shield, Pethyhridge v. Burrow, 53 L. T. 5, and it is submitted that, both on principle and authority, the law as laid down by the Master of the Kolls in Richards v. Ddbridge, is accurate. (k) 12 Ves. 39. Shares or stocks must be transferred according to the company's regulations {Society Oinirale v. Walker, 11 App. Cas. 20 ; Roots V. Williamson, 38 Ch. D. 485 ; Mutual Provident Society v. Macmillan, 14 App. Cas. 596).

;

HOW PAR VALUABLE

CONSIDERATION NECESSARY.Art. 8

37

back from Birmingham, and have not brought baby anything"; upon which the settlor answered, "Oh! I gave him a pair of boots, and now I will give him a handsome present." He then went upstairs and brought down a cheque which he had received for 900, and said, " Look you here, I give this to baby it is for himself I am going to put it away for him, and will give him a great deal more with it it is his own, and he may do what he likes with it." He then put the cheque away. He had previously told his solicitor that he intended adding 100 to the cheque, and investing it for the infant's benefit. A few days after the above took place, he suddenly died, leaving the child penniless. The legal right to the cheque could, of course, only pass by indorsement (and no indorsement had been made). It was held that there was nothing more than an inchoate intention to do whatever was; ; ;

necessary to invest the proceeds of the cheque for the child's benefit, and that the father having died before he hadcarried out his intention,

a court of equity could give no

aid to the child12.it

(Z).

So in Milroy

down

v. Lord (m), Lord Justice Tuenee laid that, " in order to render a voluntary settlement

valid and effectual, the settlor must have done everything which, according to the nature of the property comprised in the settlement, was necessary to be done in order to transfer the property, and render the settlement binding upon him. He may, of course, do this by actually transferring the property to the persons for whom he intends to provide, and the provision will then be effectual and it will be equally effectual if he transfers the property to a trustee for the purposes of the settlement, or declares that he himself holds it in trust for those purposes. But in order to render the settlement binding, one or other of these modes must;

Locke, 1 Ch. App. 25 ; and see also Pethybridge v. {I) Jones V. Burrows, 53 L. T. 5, and Marler v. Tommas, 17 Eq. 8 (which seem to be inconsistent with Re King, Sewell v. King, 14 Ch. D. 177, thea.uthority of whichis

respectfully questioned), and Vincentv.

v.

Vincent,

Marshallsay, 64 L. T. 13 and see, as to imperfect gifts at common law, Irons v. Smallpiece, 2B. & Aid. 551 ; and Corhrane v. Moore, 25 Q. B. D. 57. (m) i Tie G. F. & J. 2(i+.7,

35 W. R.

and Be Smith, Champ

38Art.8.

DBCLAEBD OR EXPEBSS TRUSTS.(as I

there

is

understand the law of this court) be resorted to, forno equity in this court to perfect an imperfect gift.!'

13. It was at one time thought that there was an exception (or a seeming exception) to this principle in the case of

In Grant v. Grant (w), the Master husband and wife. of the EoUs said "I apprehend the fact of the transaction taking place between husband and wife, instead of between strangers, makes no difference further than this, that in the case of a gift of chattels from one stranger to another, theremust be a delivery of the chattels in order to make the gift complete, whereas in the case of husband and wife therecannot be a delivery, because, assuming they are given tothe wife, they still remain in the legal custody of the husband." However, the more recent decision of the late^ Vice-Chancellor Hall, cwitra, in Breton v. Woollven (o),. has thrown considerable doubt on the soundness of thatdictum, and upon the subsequent cases of Badderley v. Badderley [p) and Fox v. Hawkes (q). The point is now of no importance as, by the Married Women's Property Act,. 1882 (45 & 46 Vict. c. 75), gifts made by a husband to a wifeare as valid as gifts made by one stranger to another.:

Illustbations of PaeageaphsExecutorytrusts based1.

(3),

(4)

and

(5).

A

on value not enforceable by persons not privy to consideration.

in a marriage settlement

covenant to settle future acquired property contained {i.e., a settlement based on thealthough, of course,,