a practical look at lte backhaul capacity requirements
TRANSCRIPT
BROADBAND WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE www.maravedis-bwa.com © Copyright All Rights Reserved 2010 Maravedis Inc.
A Practical Look at LTE Backhaul Capacity Requirements
Esteban Monturus Backhaul Market Analyst
[email protected] January 13th, 2011
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Agenda ! Backhaul Capacity
Requirements of LTE ! Backhaul Capacity Discussion ! How Microwave meets Backhaul
Capacity Needs of LTE ! Backhaul Trends among LTE
Operators ! Q&A
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Backhaul Capacity Requirements
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Mobile Data Trends
Operator Country Traffic/User
TeliaSonera (LTE)
Sweden and Norway 14 GB
Yota (WiMAX) Russia 13 GB
Packet One Networks (WiMAX)
Malaysia 10 GB
Clearwire (WiMAX) US 7 GB
SK Telecom (HSPA) Korea 7 GB
CSL (HSPA) Hong Kong 6 GB
Average Monthly Data Consumption Source: 4GCounts Service
Mobile broadband subscriber base Monthly data consumption
Princing plans Network capacity, new deployments Source: 4GCounts Service
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Deployment Trends ! 147 LTE committed
operators at the end of 2010
! Long Term HSPA Evolution as alternative
! Currently 11 LTE networks in commercial operation
! Main uses of LTE
! High capacity overlay
! Rural Internet access
Operator Country Commercial Launch
Channel bandwidth
TeliaSonera Sweden 12/2009 2 x 20 MHz
TeliaSonera Norway 12/2009 2 x 20 MHz
TeliaSonera Finland 11/2010 2 x 20 MHz
TeliaSonera Denmark 12/2010 2 x 20 MHz
Telenor and Tele2 Sweden 11/2010 2 x 20 MHz
Vodafone Germany 12/2010 2 x 10 MHz
MetroPCS USA 09/2010 From 2 x 1.4
MHz to 2 x 10 MHz
Verizon USA 12/2010 2 x 10 MHz
Telekom Austria Austria 10/2010 2 x 20 MHz
NTT DoCoMo Japan 12/2010 2 x 20 MHz
CSL Hong Kong 11/2010 2 x 10 MHz
Source: 4GCounts Service
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LTE Site Capacity Requirements ! Operators are currently deploying 3GPP Rel. 8
! 10 or 20 MHz (2x2 downlink MIMO) ! 3-sector cell sites
! Peak rates never achieved due to ! Interference ! Network load
! Final objective: IMT-Advanced (LTE-A)
Direction Peak efficiency Peak 10 MHz Peak 20
MHz Average efficiency
Average 10 MHz
Average 20 MHz
Rel. 8 Downlink 5 bps/Hz 50 Mbps 100 Mbps 1.73 bps/
Hz/cell 17.3 Mbps
35.6 Mbps
Rel. 8 Uplink 2.5 bps/Hz 25 Mbps 50 Mbps 1.52 bps/
Hz/cell 15.2 Mbps
30.4 Mbps
LTE-A Downlink* 15 bps/Hz 150 Mbps 300 Mbps 3 bps/Hz/
cell 30 Mbps 60 Mbps
LTE-A Uplink*
6.75 bps/Hz 67.5 Mbps 135 Mbps 2.25 bps/
Hz/cell 22.5 Mbps 45 Mbps
* Spectral efficiency for indoor coverage, the most demanding situation
Mbp
s
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Microwave for Aggregation ! Current microwave
technology allows aggregation
! Statistical multiplexing increases aggregation capability in practice
! Bringing rings closer to last mile enhances multiplexing
! Service-aware routing doubles capacity
METRO AGGREGATION LAST MILE
TDM+packet
packet
Source: Maravedis’ Wireless Backhaul from an All-IP Perspective Report – October 2010
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Backhaul Capacity
Discussion
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LTE Backhaul Trends
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Commercial LTE in Europe ! Europe: traditional microwave domain.
! TeliaSonera group ! LTE in urban areas, fiber available. ! New LTE markets depend on backhaul
availability. ! 100-150 Mbps capacity per site. ! Microwave not discarded.
! Vodafone Germany ! Only rural deployment so far. ! 49,800 kilometer of fiber optic cable. ! Partnership with utility company RWE
to use its fiber deployment.
! Telekom Austria ! 500 million euros investment to
connect 4,000 BSs by fiber (AirToFiber marketing campaign).
Operator Country Backhaul type
TeliaSonera Sweden Fiber
TeliaSonera Norway Fiber
TeliaSonera Finland Fiber
Telenor and Tele2 Sweden Fiber
Vodafone Germany Fiber
Telekom Austria Austria Fiber
Source: 4GCounts Service
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Commercial LTE in North America Operator Country Backhaul
type
MetroPCS USA Fiber + microwave
Verizon USA Fiber + microwave
! North America: traditional copper and fiber domain.
! Verizon ! Verizon Global Wholesale
provides fiber links for +3,500 cell sites (25 states).
! +100 Mbps fiber + microwave links from alternative carriers (CenturyLink, Conterra Broadband, Duke Net, FiberTower, PalmettoNet, Paradigm Telecom, Qwest, Telecom Transport Management and USCarrier).
! Seeking tower and backhaul owners for rural deployment.
! MetroPCS ! Ethernet services to cell sites
from FiberTower Corp.
FiberTower transport network
Source: 4GCounts Service
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Commercial LTE in APAC
! Japan, China, Korea and Hong Kong: traditional fiber domains.
! NTT DoCoMo
! Using fiber-connected Remote Radio Heads for improved indoor coverage (all outdoor and indoor versions).
! Hong Kong CSL
! One of the few operators currently using microwave for LTE backhaul.
! 100-170 Mbps capacity per site.
Operator Country Backhaul type
NTT DoCoMo Japan Fiber
CSL Hong Kong Microwave
WiM
AX
WiM
AX
RRH
Indoor rack
RRH RRH
LTE
Delay difference
40 km max.
Source: 4GGear Service
LTE
LTE
Source: 4GCounts Service
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Why not Microwave for LTE backhaul?
! LTE footprint still too small, so operators are finding fiber available within the initial coverage area.
! Other backhaul means will be necessary to achieve the required quality of experience: ! Macrocell backhaul
! Microwave links (including millimeter wave)
! Free Space Optics ! Small cell backhaul
! Non-line of sight wireless backhaul
! Strand-mount (DOCSIS backhaul)
! Remote Radio Heads (RRH)
1
LTE BACKHAUL REQUIREMENTS
A REALITY CHECK
P E T E R C R O Y, S E N I O R N E T W O R K A R C H I T E C T, AV I AT N E T W O R K S
LTE Cell: Single User Throughput Estimates
• IP packet throughput rates vary with RF channel bandwidth and user distance from cell center
• Majority of handsets in a cell/sector are located within medium & far distance from the cell center (>90% of cell coverage area)
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Estimating LTE Cell Backhaul Capacity
• Typical macro cell tower hosts 3 LTE radio sectors • Site backhaul capacity with overbooking factor (OBF) between 3 and 5 • Capacity includes 15% dynamic range margin for QoS • Figures are already LTE high-end estimates, higher capacities through
reducing overbooking factor to 1 from 3
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Backhaul Topology Comparison for LTE
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Backhaul Capacity Example: Ring Architecture
• Six cell backhaul in dense urban area @50Mbps • Multiple site packet capacity not simply sum of cell capacities • Network recovers from any single link failure
To/from core network
50Mbps
50Mbps 70Mbps
50Mbps 70Mbps
100Mbps
150Mbps
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The LTE Hype Cycle
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LTE Capacity Conclusions
• LTE backhaul capacity needs are regularly over-stated
• Capacity is fixed per site and only determined by base station technology
• The backhaul limit for a site will likely be ~150 Mbit/s for a 10MHz LTE radio channel
• Only way to add more network capacity: - Add more cell sites, upgrade to MIMO or increase the LTE channel
bandwidth
• Ring/Mesh topologies are best suited to cope with the high capacity requirements
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9
S T U A RT L I T T L E , D I R E C TO R O F M A R K E T I N G , AV I AT N E T W O R K S
HOW LICENSED MICROWAVE MEETS THE BACKHAUL CAPACITY NEEDS OF LTE
Uncertainty can lead to bad backhaul choices
• Backhaul discussion often in terms of hundreds of megabits or even gigabits of capacity
• Just one in four mobile operators have said that they understood the requirements for LTE backhaul
• This uncertainty could drive over-investment for backhaul capacity that is not needed within the foreseeable future
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LTE Cell-Site Capacity
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Why pay for capacity you may never need?
• The total cost of building or leasing fiber to the cell-site far exceeds that of a typical microwave connection
• Over-building capacity with fiber will waste an enormous amount of network investments
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The 3 Most Important Backhaul Decision Factors
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Microwave Capacity Expansion Options
• Native Ethernet transport • Adaptive Modulation • Adaptive Coding • Ethernet Frame suppression and compression
• Capacity-doubling through co-channel operation with XPIC
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Microwave techniques for high capacity
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Co-Channel link capacity doubling
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Getting even more wireless capacity
• Diverse path network topologies (rings/mesh)
• Lightly licensed and license free 60-90 GHz Millimeter wave bands
• Payload compression • Higher order modulation
schemes >256QAM • Multi-carrier operation • Multiple-in/Multiple-out (MIMO)
techniques
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Don’t let fiber break the bank!
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• Fiber is not the only answer for operators deploying HSPA+ & LTE
• Operators need to balance realistic capacity expectations with total cost
• Microwave transport meets the foreseeable capacity needs for mobile backhaul for several years to come
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Audience Poll #1 How realistic are the current LTE user
throughput expectations?
%
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Audience Poll #2 In the next 5 years, what proportion of new HSPA
+ and LTE cellsites will be connected by fiber?
%
%
%
%
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