a presentation to dod’s government and industry … presentation to dod’s government and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Michael A. Parmentier
Director, Readiness and Training Policy and ProgramsOffice of the Secretary of Defense
Michael A. Parmentier
Director, Readiness and Training Policy and ProgramsOffice of the Secretary of Defense
A Presentation to DoD’s Governmentand Industry Partners
A Presentation to DoD’s Governmentand Industry Partners
Advanced Distributed Learning
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• Collaboration• Learning Technologies• Shared Problems• Shared Solutions
• Collaboration• Learning Technologies• Shared Problems• Shared Solutions
ADLADL
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“Learning” encompasses:• Training
• Education• Performance Mentoring
“Learning” encompasses:• Training
• Education• Performance Mentoring
“LEARNING”“LEARNING”
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ADL VisionADL VisionADL Vision
• Quality Education andTraining
• Tailored to Needs
• Delivered Cost Effectively• Anytime• Anywhere
Builds upon the success of the Defense Modeling andBuilds upon the success of the Defense Modeling andSimulation InitiativeSimulation Initiative
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1994Iraqi
borderfeint1994
RestoreDemocracy
1992-4Somaliafamine
1990,92, 96Liberia3 NEOs
1991, 94Somalia 2
NEOs
1993-6ProvidePromise
1993Rwandafamine
1993Able
Sentry
1991-2Sea Angel
I/II
1992HurricaneAndrew
1992LA
Riots
1992-6Southern
Watch
1992SierraLeoneNEO
1992-6SinaiMNF
1993-6DenyFlight
1992Typhoon
Iniki
1991-6ProvideComfort
1990-1DesertStorm
1991, 94Haiti
2 NEOs
1991-3GTMO/Haiti
refugees
1992Provide
Hope
1990Just
Cause
1993-6SharpGuard
1996Taiwan
maneuvers
1991Pinatubo
NEO
1994North
Korea alert
Use of U.S. ForcesUse of U.S. ForcesSince 1990Since 1990
1995-6BosniaIFOR
Today-2010?•Chem / Bio•Anti-Terrorism•Counter-Proliferation
Today-2010?•Chem / Bio•Anti-Terrorism•Counter-Proliferation
Trained and Ready for What?Future Missions Like the Recent Past -- and More
Trained and Ready for What?Trained and Ready for What?Future Missions Like the Recent Past -- and More
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ADL PerspectiveADL PerspectiveADL Perspective
Distributed Learning
Distributed Learning
EmbeddedTraining
EmbeddedTraining
DistributedSimulationDistributedSimulation
InteragencyTrainingSystems
InteragencyTrainingSystems
Digital KnowledgeLibraries
Digital KnowledgeLibraries
OfficeOffice
SchoolSchool
HomeHome FieldField
ArmoryArmory
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ADL StrategyADL StrategyADL Strategy
� Exploit existing network-based technologies
� Create platform neutral, reusable courseware and content tolower costs
� Promote widespread collaboration to satisfy common needs
� Enhance performance with emerging and next-generationlearning technologies
� Develop common framework that drives COTS product cycle
� Design the “computer managed” learning framework
� Establish a coordinated implementation process
Use learning technologies to modernize DoD trainingUse learning technologies to modernize DoD training
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Accessibility: the ability to access instructional components fromone remote location and deliver them to many other locations
Interoperability: the ability to use instructional componentsdeveloped in one location, with one set of tools or platform, inanother location, with a different set of tools or platform
Durability: the ability to operate instructional components whenbase technology changes, without redesign or recoding
Reusability: the ability to incorporate instructional componentsinto multiple applications
Affordability: the ability to significantly increase learningeffectiveness while reducing time and costs
Accessibility: the ability to access instructional components fromone remote location and deliver them to many other locations
Interoperability: the ability to use instructional componentsdeveloped in one location, with one set of tools or platform, inanother location, with a different set of tools or platform
Durability: the ability to operate instructional components whenbase technology changes, without redesign or recoding
Reusability: the ability to incorporate instructional componentsinto multiple applications
Affordability: the ability to significantly increase learningeffectiveness while reducing time and costs
Key ADL CharacteristicsKey ADL Characteristics
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Common Open Technical Architectureand “Object Oriented” Software Are Keys to Reuse
Common Open Technical ArchitectureCommon Open Technical Architectureand “Object Oriented” Software Are Keys to Reuseand “Object Oriented” Software Are Keys to Reuse
The Old Way: Stove-piped by Service,Mission, Location
Simulation Software Components
Common Software(utilities/services consistentacross applications)
Unique Software(objects tailored to particular use)
The New Way:Shared Core,
Re-Used Applications
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Next Generation of Learning TechnologyOffers Potential for Even Greater Efficiency
Next Generation of Learning TechnologyNext Generation of Learning TechnologyOffers Potential for Even Greater EfficiencyOffers Potential for Even Greater Efficiency
Studies suggest that Tutor Learning Achievement Is Better thanClassroom Achievement by 2 Standard Deviations
Improvements from Learning Technology
2σ Goal
# St
uden
ts#
Stud
ents
1σ
ClassroomStudents
ClassroomStudents
CurrentTechnology
CurrentTechnology
Next-Generation Technology
Next-Generation Technology
Average tutoredstudent’s
achievement Is betterthan 98% of
classroom students
Adapted From: Bloom, B.S. The Two-Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of GroupInstruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring. Educational Researcher. 13,4-16 (1984)
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0.390.50
0.84
1.05
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Computer BasedInstruction
(N=233)
InteractiveMultimedia
Instruction (N=47)
"Intelligent"Tutoring Systems
(N=11)
Recent IntelligentTutoring Systems
(N=5)
Some Effect Sizes for Technology-Based Instruction
(Standard Deviations)
Some Effect Sizes for Technology-Based Instruction
(Standard Deviations)
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Classroom and Tutorial InteractivityClassroom and Tutorial InteractivityClassroom and Tutorial Interactivity
• Average number of questions asked by anystudent during a classroom hour -- 0.11
• Average number of questions asked by astudent during a tutorial hour -- 21.1(Research methods); 32.2 (Algebra)
• Average number of questions asked by anystudent during a classroom hour -- 0.11
• Average number of questions asked by astudent during a tutorial hour -- 21.1(Research methods); 32.2 (Algebra)
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Directives and ActivitiesDirectives and ActivitiesDirectives and Activities
Develop a strategy and master plans forusing learning technologies on a broad scale• QDR• President’s Executive Order / FTTI• Deputy Secretary’s Direction
• Congressional Reports– HASC– SASC
• DSB TF on Military Training and Education
Develop a strategy and master plans forusing learning technologies on a broad scale• QDR• President’s Executive Order / FTTI• Deputy Secretary’s Direction
• Congressional Reports– HASC– SASC
• DSB TF on Military Training and Education
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Ongoing ADL Activities Ongoing ADL Activities
ADL Initiative
ADL Initiative
TFDLATTFDLAT
ArmyArmy
NavyNavy
USAFUSAF
USMCUSMCJCSJCS
DSBDSB
LogisticsLogistics
HealthAffairsHealthAffairs
C3IC3I
Reserve Affairs
Reserve Affairs
ACOMACOM
NationalGuard
NationalGuard
OSD COSD C
DoDEADoDEA
WhiteHouseWhiteHouse
NPRNPRDoCDoC
DoLDoL
DoJDoJ
PresidentialTask ForcePresidentialTask Force
EDUCAUSEIMS
EDUCAUSEIMSGMGM
BoeingBoeingIT
IndustryIT
Industry
WesternGovernorsWestern
Governors
DAUDAU
TradeAssoc’sTrade
Assoc’s
CoastGuardCoastGuard
Opportunities for DoD to leverage resources within the Departmentand across the Public and Private Sectors
Opportunities for DoD to leverage resources within the Departmentand across the Public and Private Sectors
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ADL Standards FocusADL Standards FocusADL Standards Focus
ADL is focusing on web-based learning system standards
But not Internetstandards(others are doing that)
Internet TechnologiesHTMLHTTPXML
JAVA/JavaScript...
Learning System Standardscontent
metadataLMS data model
….
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Evolution ofWeb-based Learning Technologies
Evolution ofEvolution ofWeb-based Learning TechnologiesWeb-based Learning Technologies
19981998 19991999 20002000
Early versions ofweb-deliveredlearning content(early stage)
First robustweb-based learningproductsand capabilities(1st generation)
Second generationproducts and servicesbased on industrystandards for web-basedlearning(mature/stable environment)
Growth/AdoptionCurve
IGNITIONPHASE
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ADL ApproachADL ApproachADL Approach
• Examine military training learning models
• Develop a common “Shareable CoursewareObject Reference Model” (SCOM)
• Map learning models to SCO reference model(to determine standards requirements)
• Submit requirements to appropriate groups
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SCO TermsSCO TermsSCO Terms
Shareable Courseware Object
Reference Model
A software model that defines theinterrelationship of course components, datamodels, and protocols such that courseware“objects” are shareable across systems thatconform with the same model.
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Standards EffortsStandards EffortsStandards Efforts
• IEEE 1484 (meeting June 10, 99 with Chair)– de jure standards body
• IMS– Closer to “consortium” model
• AICC– Airline industry-based
• Macromedia/Oracle/Netg/Asymetrix– de facto standards
• ADL Technical Work Group– Catalyst
• President’s Federal Training Technology Task Force- Lead agency with NIST for Standards Focus Group
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ADL ProcessADL ProcessADL Process
ADL IIndustryServices
Army
Air Force
Marines
Navy
(Joint Staff)
“SCO”Reference
Model
IEEE
IMS
ADL TWG
VENDORS
AICC
FederalAgencies
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SCO-RM (0.5.2)SCO-RM (0.5.2)SCO-RM (0.5.2)
SCO Interchange Format (I.F.) [1]
Objectives [1c]
[1b] Assignment HierarchyTier 3: Course (Root)
Tier 2: “Block”(Parent Node)
Tier 2: “Block”(Parent Node)
Tier 1: “AU”(Leaf Node)
“Executable Content” [2]
Executable ContentMetadata [2a]
(Internal organization offiles, objects, etc.)
Metadata [1e]
Metadata [1e]
Metadata [1e]
Metadata [1e]
Rules [1d]
[4] Run Time ContentManagement
[4b] Executable ContentAPI
[4c] Content data model
(Points to)
ExternalCourse
Metadata[1a]
[3] “RawMedia”
1
2
3
4[4a] Executable Launch
[3a] Raw MediaMetadata
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Summary of ADL PrototypesSummary of ADL PrototypesSummary of ADL Prototypes
• Performance Mentoring Example: Repair and Maintenance / GM• Objective: Apply GM methodology for training mentoring on demand• Status: DUSD(L) providing “Dual Use” incentives - multiple proposals
• On-line School Example: DAU’s ADL Prototype• Objective: Provide equal or better education opportunities to a wider audience• Status: Course delivery and management system with 5 courses on line today and another 14 courses in FY 99
• Joint Training Example: JCS ADL Prototype “DOCNET”• Objective: Provide high quality doctrine education to the Total Force, anytime, anywhere• Status: Initial Prototype on the web - 3 more modules planned
• Interagency Training Example: DoJ - DoD WMD• Objective: Increase Readiness to respond to WMD situations• Status: Areas of common interest being discussed
• Performance Mentoring Example: Repair and Maintenance / GM• Objective: Apply GM methodology for training mentoring on demand• Status: DUSD(L) providing “Dual Use” incentives - multiple proposals
• On-line School Example: DAU’s ADL Prototype• Objective: Provide equal or better education opportunities to a wider audience• Status: Course delivery and management system with 5 courses on line today and another 14 courses in FY 99
• Joint Training Example: JCS ADL Prototype “DOCNET”• Objective: Provide high quality doctrine education to the Total Force, anytime, anywhere• Status: Initial Prototype on the web - 3 more modules planned
• Interagency Training Example: DoJ - DoD WMD• Objective: Increase Readiness to respond to WMD situations• Status: Areas of common interest being discussed
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Where we are headed ?Where we are headed ?Where we are headed ?
• ADL– Vision– Strategy
– Implementation Plan
• Federal Training Technology Initiative– Uses ADL as a model
– Develop technical standards
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Benefits of ADLBenefits of ADLBenefits of ADL
Potential to significantly reduce costs by up to 30%while satisfying education and training requirements
• Makes “learning” available to Total Force
• Enables just-in-time, just-enough, performanceaiding.
• Leverages private-sector intellectual and financialinvestments: architecture, industry standards,courseware, etc.
• Creates an “open forum” for broad public and privatecollaboration: among DOD, federal agencies,technology suppliers, private businesses, nationalworkforce, etc.
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DoD must:
• Fundamentally reengineer how it does business to educateand train effectively in tomorrow’s knowledge-basedenvironment
• Provide incentives for change
• Collaborate across DoD as well as with the public andprivate sectors
• Develop common architectures that will allow it to takeadvantage of rapidly changing technology
• Experiment
DoD must:
• Fundamentally reengineer how it does business to educateand train effectively in tomorrow’s knowledge-basedenvironment
• Provide incentives for change
• Collaborate across DoD as well as with the public andprivate sectors
• Develop common architectures that will allow it to takeadvantage of rapidly changing technology
• Experiment
Bottom LinesBottom LinesBottom Lines
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www.adlnet.orgwww.adlnet.org
Advanced Distributed Learning
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Backup ChartsBackup Charts
Advanced Distributed Learning
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CommonCommonFrameworkFramework
Test BedsTest BedsTest Beds
ProductDevelopment
ProductProductDevelopmentDevelopment
TechnicalSolutionsTechnicalSolutions
ContentAdvocates
ContentAdvocates
ResearchPrioritiesResearchPriorities
Business Market Group
Business Market Group
1. Identify Performance Requirements
??
2 b. Define areas for R&D of new tools
2 a. Develop and refine Technical Guidelines
3. Collaboratively develop and test instructional and tools that conform to Technical Guidelines
4. Identify priorities for development and production
??
ADL ADL Collaboratory Collaboratory ConceptConcept
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Projected ADL Time TableProjected ADL Time TableProjected ADL Time Table
• Build consensus (Q1 99 - under way)
• Issue draft ADL SCO Model (June 30, 1999)
• Refine SCO specifications with industry DoD, andgovernment communities (Q2/3 1999)
• Release Version 1 ADL SCO specifications (Sept.1999)
• Industry implementation/adoption (Q3/Q4 1999)
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Some TermsSome TermsSome Terms
• Distance Learning: Structured learningthat takes place when the instructor is notphysically present
• Distributed Learning: Structured learningthat takes place anytime, anywhere it isneeded or desired
• Distance Learning: Structured learningthat takes place when the instructor is notphysically present
• Distributed Learning: Structured learningthat takes place anytime, anywhere it isneeded or desired
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Some Example ADL TechnologiesSome Example ADL TechnologiesSome Example ADL Technologies
• Computer-Managed Instruction (CMI)
• Computer-Based Instruction (CBT)
• Interactive Multimedia Instruction (IMI)
• Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)
• Networked Tutorial Simulation (NTS)
• Web-Based Training (WBT)
• Computer-Managed Instruction (CMI)
• Computer-Based Instruction (CBT)
• Interactive Multimedia Instruction (IMI)
• Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)
• Networked Tutorial Simulation (NTS)
• Web-Based Training (WBT)