a randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50%...

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A randomised trial of pointofcare tests for chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections in remote Aboriginal communities (NHMRC project grant)

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Page 1: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

A randomised trial of point‐of‐care tests for chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections in remote Aboriginal 

communities(NHMRC project grant)

Page 2: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

Investigators

o A/Professor  Rebecca Guy, Mr James Ward, Professor John Kaldor, Professor Basil Donovan, A/Professor David Wilson, Dr Handan Wand, Dr David Regan, Dr Louise Causer, Steve Badman, Kirby Institute, UNSW

o Ms Belinda Hengel (QLD coordinator), Apunipima Health Councilo Ms Lisa Natoli (trial coordinator), A/Prof David Anderson, Burnet 

Instituteo A/Prof Mark Shephard, Flinders Universityo A/Professor David Whiley, Queensland Paediatric Infectious 

Diseases (QPID) Laboratoryo A/Professor Sepehr Tabrizi, Royal Women’s Hospitalo Professor Christopher Fairley, University of Melbourne/Melbourne 

Sexual Health Centre

Page 3: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

CollaboratorsWestern Australia: Ngaanyatjarra Health Service West Australia Department of 

Health PathWest Aboriginal Health Council of 

Western Australia Queensland: Queensland Aboriginal and 

Islander Health Council  Apunipima Cape York Health 

Council Townsville Sexual Health service Queensland Health Queensland PathologySouth Australia: Aboriginal Health Council SA SA Health

Research Organisations: Kirby Institute, UNSW Baker IDI Apunipima Health Council Burnet Institute Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne QLD Paediatric Infectious Disease Laboratory Flinders University University of Melbourne

Funded through the National Health and Medical research Council

Page 4: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

Why do we need a POC test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea?

CT and NG prevalence high in remote Aboriginal communities

16‐19 yr olds ‐ 50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010)Advances in testing and treatmentPCR testingSelf‐collected swabs and urineSingle dose antibiotics

Control of STIs compromised by delays in diagnosis and treatment 

Considerable distances between health services and laboratories

Difficulties locating and recalling patients for treatment

Page 5: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

Central AustraliaSmall communities100‐1000 people Large geographical areaSize of Thailand, SpainWeekly flights to labHighly mobile popn15‐20% untreated21 days to treatment (av)

Page 6: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

TTANGO objectives

• Whether the addition of POC testing – Improves timeliness of 

• Treatment• Partner notification

– Reduces infections• Re‐infections• Prevalence

– Acceptable?– Impacts on client flow?– Cost‐effective?

Page 7: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

GeneXpert POC device

CepheidDisposable cartridge Infectious disease, oncology, genetic disease

Automate and host the PCR processSample purificationNucleic Acid AmplificationDetection

Two targets for NGNG confirmation with a single test

Page 8: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

GeneXpert POC device

Specimens:― urine ― endocervical/vaginal swabs

Power supplyPortable machineEasy to useResults in 90 minutesTwo minutes hands on timeEach test cost equivalent to lab PCR test

Page 9: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

GeneXpert POC device

Single use test cartridge

Urine specimen

Swab specimen

Page 10: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing
Page 11: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

GeneXpert POC performance

Lab evaluation372 isolates

Field evaluationTwo health services200 samples

Sensivitity:100%Specificity: 99.5% (CT)100% (NG)

Page 12: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

Sites– 12 Aboriginal health services

– QLD,  WA and SA

– Remote/regional

– Test 150 people aged 16‐29yrs each year

Page 13: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

Cross‐over RCT designRobust evidence

All health services receive the intervention

Each health service act as its own control

Primary outcomeRe‐infections

Page 14: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

POC year Health services integrate 

POC testing into client flow

Strategies for 90min wait STI management based on 

POC result Treatment Partner notification Re‐testing at 3 months 

(detect re‐infections) Standard lab testing Regular quality 

improvement visits 

Page 15: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

Standard practice year

Standard lab testing STI management 

based on lab result Treatment Partner notification Re‐testing at 3 months 

(detect re‐infections)

Regular quality improvement visits 

Page 16: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

TTANGO quality management Monthly Quality Control (QC) 

Two pos and neg specimens Results known

Bi‐annual External Quality Assurance Scheme (EQAS) Four pos and neg specimens Staff blinded Swabs

Page 17: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

TTANGO training Training On‐site, flexible, 2‐3 days Competency assessment Certificate Manual Visual aids Real‐time remote support 3 visits from TTANGO coordinators

Page 18: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

TTANGO progressTwo years preparationLab/field evaluationTraining manualsQuality management processesEthical and TGA approvalOngoing consultationLogisticsData collections systemsTrial commenced June 2013 First testing occurred last week

Page 19: A randomised trial of point of care tests for chlamydia ... · communities 16‐19 yr olds ‐50% prevalence of CT/NG/TV (STRIVE, 2010) Advances in testing and treatment PCR testing

CT/NG POC test options

• Lateral flow• Detect antigen• Cheap• Single organism• Some only for swabs• Urine needs to be 

centrifuged (20 mins)• Time to result: ~20 mins• Hands on time ~15 mins• Qualitative read