A ReviewOF

JOSEPH SCATES Manufacturer & Professor of the

CONCERTINAThe man, the instrument, and his family

Chris Flint 2008Revised 2009

CONTENTS

Introduction page 3Acknowledgements page 3Timeline page 4In the Beginning was Wheatstone page 7Aspects of Manufacturing and business page 8The Man and His Family page 9Concert Performances page 11Coincidences page 11Conclusions page 12Illustrations page 13

Appendicesi. Publishing page 26ii. Wheatstone purchases page 27iii. Selection of Scates’ Concert Appearances page 28iv. Scates Family Tree + Notes page 30v. Transcription of Joseph Scates Snrs‘. Will page 37vi. Transcriptions of Newspaper advertisments page 38

IntroductionMy interest in Joseph Scates ‘Manufacturer & Professor1 of the Concertina’ began about thirty years ago, when I bought an Amboyna English model in fair condition i.e. a couple of notes out of tune and a bit of a leak in the bellows. I repaired the leak by gluing a piece of an old waterproof anorak over the hole. This somewhat unconventional repair lasted for twenty nine years. Steve Dickinson put the notes ‘in tune.’ At the time Steve thought that the concertina may have been made by Wheatstones. The concertina was played from time to time, but never seriously, during the years following the purchase. My interest was revived in 2005, when my wife and I decided that 2006’s holiday was going to consist of hiring an RV (recreational vehicle) and pottering around the Canadian Rockies for a couple of weeks. I didn’t wish to be without a musical instrument for this period but I felt that a guitar (my main instrument) would be too inconvenient. At this point my wife suggested that I should take the concertina. This meant getting new bellows, thumb straps and a re-tune, just so that it didn’t fall apart on our arrival in Canada!I began to wonder about the ‘actual’ maker of the concertina and started to look into Joseph Scates’ history.

AcknowledgementsTo all the enthusiasts who have been researching concertinas and concertina makers. To all the creators and users of concertina related internet websites. To Nic and Tony for listening.Last, but by no means least, my wife Annie for her continued support, suggestions, encouragement, research and editing. Annie now believes that ‘she now knows more about concertinas, concertina history and concertina makers than she ever wanted to.’

1 Charles Dickens, writing of his character Charles Darnay, comments that he was a ‘…..higher teacher of the French language, who was conversant with French literature. In this age he would have been a professor; in that age he was a tutor.’ A Tale of Two Cities: Charles Dickens first published 1859.

Timeline1818

Joseph Scates born 9th January1a2 3 1841

Resided at St James Place, St. Pancras with wife Mary (both aged 20) andDaughter Mary Ann Ellen aged 34

1842 Joseph Scates appeared in a concert at The New Strand Theatre ‘on Wheatstones patent concertina’5

Pre 1844Worked for Wheatstone as reed maker and tuner

1844Wheatstone’s 1829 patent expiresJoseph Scates left Wheatstones to start his own business. Jabez Austin 6 joined him, asdid ParishPublished Regondi’s ‘Rudimenti del Concertinista’7

10, Frith Street Soho, London8

40, Frith Street Soho, London9

1845Appears in PO Directories as ‘Concertina Manufacturer’ patronised by Giulio Regondi10

Mary Scates (Nee Dawson) dies11

1847Appears in ‘The Musical World’12

Moves to 32, New Bond Street, London1848 Marries Mary Ann Sounes13

1849Sold out to George Case14

Late May: 85, Renshaw Street Liverpool, from New Bond Street15 16

2 1a Joseph Scates was christened Joseph Jeffery (his mothers name) according to his father‘s will see appendix v.3 FamilySearch.org International Genealogical Index v5.0. 4 1841 census. UK National Archive (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO). 5 The Times 11th January 1842 issue 17877 page 4.6 Austin had made ‘complete pans’ for Wheatstones and Parish was taken on as ‘apprentice in lieu of George Jones’ – ‘Recollections of the English Concertina from 1844’ George Jones. Concertina .com7 ‘Rudimenti del Concertinista, or a Complete Series of Elementary and Progressive Exercises for the Concertina’ London: Joseph Scates, 1 844; (later by Wheatstone) Illustration 1.8 Two concertinas, serial No.’s 75 and 245, listed in ‘The Concertina Museum: an illustrated catalogue, checklist and historical introduction’ by Neil Wayne. Information confirmed from examination at Horniman Museum by Dr. Bradley Strauchen-Scherer, BMus LRAM Dphil. Deputy Keeper of Musical Instruments: Horniman Museum and Gardens : London. Illustration 2.9 House of his father, Joseph Scates Senior, who lived with his daughters Sophia, aged 14 Ellen aged 11 and Mary aged 7, plus Vashti Jeffery (mother to Joseph Scates Senior’s four children) who, in 1848, became the wife of Joseph Scates Snr. In 1839, Joseph Scates Snr’s business was as a stationers and Porteusian Bible warehouse and was listed as far back as 1825-1826,if an entry in Sun Insurance history listed as Joseph Seales ’music seller’ was a mis-read for Joseph Scates TNO:PRO (Archon directory). 10 ‘The Musical World’ xxii/No. 47 (20th November), p.749 ‘the same [his concertinas] as patronized by Signor Giulio Regondi for the last two years…’ Information courtesy of Allan Atlas.11 Death Register TNO;PRO.12 Vol. xxii/no.47 for 20th November notes that he (Scates Jnr) has recently moved to 32, New Bond Street.. Information courtesy of Allan Atlas.13 Marriage Register TNO:PRO.14 ‘Wheatstone’s Concertina and the History of the London Concertina Making Trade 1829 to 1896’ by Neil Wayne. Unpublished manuscript held in the Wheatstone Archive of The Wayne Collection: Horniman Museum, London.15 ‘Wheatstone’s Concertina and the History of the London Concertina Making Trade 1829 to 1896’ by Neil Wayne. See note 14.16 Advertisement Liverpool Mercury May 25th 1849 Vol. XXXIX No. 2094 page 1.

1850 Early Feb: 46,Grafton Street, Dublin (residence for winter season)17

Address on a concertina ‘Joseph Scates manufacturer, 46, Grafton Street Dublin, from New Bond Street’18

Early Aug: 21, Somerville Street, Woodside, Birkenhead Liverpool19

Early Oct: 1, Leinster Street, Dublin20

Late Oct: ‘Professor of the Concertina’ 28, Westmoreland Street, Dublin21

1851 Late May: 27, Chichester Street, Belfast (of 28, Westmoreland Street, Dublin)22

‘Professor of the Concertina’ 11, Wellington Street, Ballsbridge Joseph Scates College Green, (no number) Dublin23

‘Succeeded’ W.J.Milne, High Street, Doncaster on 21st November 24 25

Daughter: Linda born 16th November, Dublin (second daughter)26 27

1852Concert arranged in Doncaster on May 13th 1852, with Mrs Alexander Newton and Mrs Henry Smith vocalists, accompanied by J. Scates. Concertina pieces played by J. Scatesand his wife28

Performed in a concert with ‘Marie’ (child prodigy) at the Guildhall, Doncaster on June22nd and June 23rd 29

Aug/Sept, sold business + stock to ‘John Marsh’ (Tuner of Piano-fortes from Messrs.Broadwood of London)30

At 26, College Green, Dublin31

Son: Arthur W born 3rd Quarter, Doncaster30a32 1853

Still at 26, College Green, Dublin33

‘Professor of the Concertina’ 52, Rathmines Road, Dublin34

Exhibited at ‘The Irish Industrial Exhibition’35

1855 Son: Fred Landor born, Dublin36

17 Advertisement in Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser February 6th 1850 Vol. LXXXIII page 1.18 Initially noted from a Concertina.net discussion between Stephen Chambers and Paul Groff 5-3-04. Confirmed by entry in Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser February 6th 1850.19 Liverpool Mercury (offering his services for 1 month). August 2nd 1850 Page 8.20 Advertisement in Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser October 3rd 1850.21 Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser October 26th 1850 Vol. .LXXXIII page 122 Advertisement in Belfast News-Letter May 30th 1851 page 3.23 Griffith’s Primary Valuation Lists. 24 ‘Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette’ November 21st 1851 page 4. Doncaster Archives, King Edward Rd. Balby, Doncaster DN4 0NA (from an article for ‘A Tempo Music’ (music shop) by Phillip Scowcroft). Illustration 3.25 Perhaps Doncaster was a speculative venture, chasing the expected prosperity that the railways might bring to Doncaster? 26 ‘British Musical Biography: A Dictionary of Musical Artists, Authors & Composers, Born in Britain and its Colonies 1897’ reprinted NY 1971 J.D. Brown & Stephen S. Stratton page 364. Linda would be the person to whom G.Regondi dedicated ‘Leisure Moments’ 1857 J. Scates publisher. British Library. 27 Year of birth derived from census return for 1871 TNA:PRO.28 ‘Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette’ May 7th 1852 page 4. Doncaster Archives, see note 24. Illustration 4.29 ‘Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette’ June 18th 1852. Doncaster Archives, page 4 see note 24. Illustration 5.30 ‘Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette’ Sept. 3rd 1852. Doncaster Archives, page 4 see note 24. Illustration 6.31 Advertisement in ‘Freemans Journal’ 23rd December 1852. A copy of which, appears in ‘The Companion to Irish Traditional Music’ Ed. Fintan Vallely (Cork University Press) page 83 and advertises ‘AN ELEGANT CHRISTMAS OR NEW YEAR’S GIFT (THE CONCERTINA). May be seen in great variety at the Manufacturer’s JOSEPH SCATES 26, COLLEGE GREEN, importer of Pianofortes, Harmoniums, Concertinas, by Wheetetone (sic); Flutinas, Accordeons, and the new Bell-Metal Harmonica.’ 32 30a TNA:PRO Birth Register. Death in Rio De Janeiro noted in The Times 9th April 1891 page 1.33 Thom’s Official Directory 1853 page 1172. UK National Archives Library.34 This may be a home address.35 ‘The Irish Industrial Exhibition of 1853: a detailed catalogue of its contents’ Ed. John Sproule. Page 24936 Derived from J Scates Death announcement in The Era December 30th 1899 Vol. 63 No. 3197 page 16. Note, Fred Landor Scates was a member of The D’Oyly Carte Opera Company 1882-1887.

1856‘Professor of the Concertina, and Musical Repository’ 26, College Green, Dublin37

Mid June: at 27, College Green & 8, Church Lane (a corner site)38

1857Res. 2, Maryville Cottages, Sandymount Road, Dublin39

1858Still at 27, College Green & 8, Church Lane, Dublin

1859 Son: George born, Monkstown Dublin40 1861

Still at 27, College Green & Church Lane, Dublin41

1862 Daughter: Annie Florence born, Dublin (third daughter)42

Moved to 15, Westmoreland Street, Dublin between 10th March & 7th April43

1863Still at 15, Westmoreland Street, Dublin 44

Res. 2, Belgrave Square North, Monkstown45

1864Still at ‘Piano and Harmonium Warehouse’ 15, Westmoreland Street, Dublin46

2, Goldsmith Terrace, Bray (branch establishment)47

Res. 2, Belgrave Square North, Monkstown Son: Harry Wilton born, Bray, Dublin 24th June (second son)48

1865Joseph Scates retires from ‘business’49

‘Piano and Harmonium Warehouse’ 15 Westmoreland Street, Dublin 2, Goldsmith Terrace, Bray (branch establishment)Sold out to Cramer & Co but carried on teaching there50

1866Res. 35, Upper Baggot Street, Dublin51

1867 At 68, Gloucester Crescent, Regents Park, London52

1871 At 69, Gloucester Crescent, Regents Park, London53

1880 At 32 Lawford Road, Camden Road, London54

37 Thom’s Official Directory 1856 page 1290. UK National Archive Library.38 Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser June 17th 1856 Vol. LXXXIX page 1.39 Thom’s Official Directory 1857 page 1380. UK National Archive Library.40 Age derived from census report 1891 & 1901 TNO:PRO. His existence confirmed by Joseph Scates Will 190041 ‘Wheatstone’s Concertina and the History of the London Concertina Making Trade 1829 to 1896’ Neil Wayne. See note 13. There is an entry in Thom’s Official Directory for this address.42 Derived from 1881 census return TNA:PRO.43 Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser March 9th 1862 Vol. XCV page 1.44 Advertisement in Irish Times 21st December 1863 page 2.45 Thom’s Official Directory 1863 page 1650. U.K. National Archive Library.46 Advertisement Irish Times 10th December 1864 page 2.47 Advertisement Irish Times 10th December 1864 page 1.48 Age derived from census return for 1871 TNO:PRO and birth date confirmed as 24th June and registered at Blackrock, Dublin by an entry on FamilySearch.org.49 The Irish Times October 19th 1865 page 2.50 Scates is still listed at 15, Westmoreland Street in some sections of Thom’s Official Directory for 1866 page 1791. Bound into the 1866 copy of Thom’s Official Directory held in The National Archives Library, is an Advertising pamphlet giving Cramer and Co’s address as 201, Regent Street, London and 15Westmoreland Street, Dublin. Illustration 7.51 Believed to be his last Dublin residence.52 Notice of J Scates return ‘ Mr Joseph Scates oboist (pupil of Barret’s) will return to London at the close of his engagement at Margate Oct 8th address to his residence 68, Gloucester Crescent Regents Park NW’ The Era Oct. 6th 1867 Vol. 30 No.1515 page 1. Note: Allopon M.R. Barret (1804 - 1879) was principal oboist for The Royal Italian Orchestra. 53 Census return 1871 census TNO:PRO.54 London Gazette 1880 (London and County Banking Company: bankers returns) this may be a business address.

1881At 5, Freshfield Terrace, Kemp Town, Brighton55

1891At 59, Freshfield Road, Kemp Town, Brighton56

1895Wife, Mary Ann died57

189919th Dec Joseph Scates died aged 8158

In the Beginning there was Wheatstone…….Scates started his business about 1844, presumably when Wheatstones’ 1829 patent expired. Joseph Scates also published Giulio Regondi’s ‘Rudimenti del Concertinista’ in 1844. It can be imagined, that two men of similar age59 and with very similar musical interests (teaching /playing concertina) would feel that there could be a market for such a concertina instruction book. Probably, Scates was also teaching concertina. It would seem to be a likely collaboration, with Regondi’s playing/teaching and Scates’ links into the music selling/publishing business (by way of his father) complimenting each other.60 There did not appear to be much competition from other instruction books, ‘Rudimenti del Concertinista’ seems to have been one of the first three instruction books that were produced for concertina.61 It seems possible, that Joseph Scates met Giulio Regondi whilst Scates worked for Wheatstones as a reed maker and tuner. Perhaps Regondi was influential in Scates starting his concertina manufacturing and publishing business? Regondi was a teacher of the concertina, as may be presumed by his ’Instruction Book (published by Scates in 1844) and from the number of Wheatstone concertinas he purchased, presumably for or on behalf of his students.62 Given that Regondi and Scates were about the same age and with similar interests, it is possible that Regondi may also have known Scates and his family socially. This may account for Regondi’s dedication of ‘Leisure Moments’ to Joseph Scates’ six year old daughter Linda.The fact that Regondi spent some time in Ireland may even have influenced Scates’ eventual re-location to Dublin This re-location may have been financed by the sale of Scates’ business to George Case in 1849.63 It is worth noting that George Case had been performing in Ireland since the early part of the decade64 and may have had an influence on Scates. Joseph Scates’ move to Dublin seems to fly in the face of logic, given that Ireland was still suffering the effects of The Potato Famine (1845–49) in 1850 and did so for a number of years. One can only assume that his ‘potential’ clientele were less affected than the majority of the population by The Famine. It is quite possible that the original financing of his business venture came from his father, in the form of a pre- death legacy.65

The fact that Scates did seem to prosper and to gradually increase his business (‘branch establishment’ in Bray in 1864) see note 46 over the next few years suggests that this was the case. A contributory factor may have been that the quality of his early instruments was good enough to appeal to the type of clientele, who in England would likely have been Wheatstone ‘customers’ i.e. ‘The Nobility and Gentry.’ It appears that the same conventions that governed women’s access to musical instruments in English society, also applied to society in Ireland - as a comment in a contemporaneous exhibition catalogue referring to the concertina said ‘from its being the only instrument having a sustained sound, which conventionalism allows to ladies.’ See note 35.

55 Census returns for 1881. Listed with wife Mary Ann and Annie F, daughter, born Dublin 1862, Annie F. was listed as a music student. TNA:PRO. 56 Census returns for 1891 – listed with wife Mary Ann and servant Caroline Bessie. TNA:PRO.57 Death Register. TNO:PRO. 58 Death Register. TNA:PRO.59 Scates b 1818, Regondi b1822.60 Joseph Scates Senior was listed as a music seller at 40, Frith Street prior to Scates Junior establishing his concertina manufactory there.61 ‘Instructions, Followed by a Selection of Melodies and Harmonized Airs’. London: Wheatstone & Co., c1844. ‘A Practical Guide to the Concertina.’ London: (publisher unknown) c1844-1850. [This may have been published shortly after ‘Pelzer’s ‘A Practical Guide to Modern Piano Forte.’ London: 1842 (Randall C. Merris, Concertina.com)].62 Regondi bought 12 Wheatstone concertinas and one Joseph Scates concertina between 1837 and 1845 (Scates No 57 in 1845). Regondi went on to buy many more Wheatstones over the following years. ‘The Wheatstone Ledgers.’ concertina.com.63 Case sold the business to Boosey & Co. between 1856 and 1859. Case appears in the 1861 census as ‘Professor of Music’ but, by the 1871 census both he and his wife (Grace Egerton) are listed as ‘Musical Dramatic Artistes’ TNO:PRO.64 Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser June 4th 1841 page 1.65 See appendix v. ‘as he has received much of my property some years since…’

The fact that Regondi had made a number of tours of Ireland in the years prior to Scates’ eventual move to Dublin, coupled with the success of these tours/concerts (where Regondi was received enthusiastically) may have contributed to Scates’ confidence in his decision to move to Dublin and to his remaining there for a number of years. Regondi made further tours after Scates’ move to Dublin.66 As did George Case.Scates is noted in Dublin in 1850 at 28, Westmoreland Street67 having been at various addresses 68 he also appears to have been in Doncaster (having ‘succeeded’ J.W. Milne High Street Doncaster) November 1851.69 Scates is in evidence in Doncaster, appearing at a concert during May (with his wife also playing concertina) and another in June 1852.70 He reappears in Dublin in Dec 1852 but at a different address to the earlier Dublin address.71 It is possible that he arrived in Dublin, in the first instance, by way of Liverpool, as may be suggested by the label ‘Joseph Scates 85, Renshaw Street from New Bond Street.’72 73

Aspects of Manufacturing and BusinessScates has been credited with the design and manufacture of the first ‘double pans.’74

In 1853 Scates exhibited 3 concertinas in The Irish Industrial Exhibition where his concertinas received praise from the author of the exhibition catalogue ‘Mr Scates, of College Green exhibited some concertinas of his own manufacture that deserve more than a passing word of commendation.’ Scates exhibited ‘one Amboyna wood treble concertina, one rosewood brass bound concertina and one baritone concertina, all of which were very highly finished and possess a full, mellow and clear tone. His improvements are a tympanium, or leather sound covering, and double sound boards.’ See note 35.Scates also exhibited at The Paris Universal Exhibition of 185575 where he received an ‘Honourable Mention’76

It has been commented that ‘many, if not all’ the Scates Dublin labelled concertinas were made by Lachenal or Jones.77 It has also been suggested that the early Dublin instruments were his own make.78 There seems to be some evidence that he made concertinas for others e.g. John Alvey Turner,79 in his early manufacturing period. It is worth noting that Scates imported approximately 175 Wheatstone concertinas between Feb 1853 and May 1860.80 It is uncertain how many Lachenal concertinas he imported to Ireland, as there are no records currently available about other manufacturers trading histories. Scates apparently stuck his own circular reed pan labels over Lachenal labels to disguise the actual maker.81 It is also uncertain how many George Jones concertinas he imported, but George Jones said that he received a ‘large’ order for Anglo concertinas in the early 1850’s, after sending Scates the first Jones Anglo.82

An interpretation of George Jones’ writing implies that Scates bought metal work from Jones and that Scates

66 Lawrence, Thomas ‘The Guitar in Ireland 1760-1866’ (Ph D Thesis University College Dublin, 1999).67 Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser October 26th 1850 Vol. LXXXIII page 1.68 See timeline in this article for 1850.69 ‘Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette’ Doncaster Archives see note 24.70 ‘Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette’ Doncaster Archives see note 24.71 An advertisement appearing in ‘Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser’. See note 31.72 ‘The Concertina Museum an illustrated catalogue, checklist and historical introduction’. In his ‘Wheatstone’s Concertina and the History of the London Concertina Making Trade 1829 to 1896.’ See note 14. Neil Wayne suggests that this concertina may have been made by ‘George Case’ and that Case could have used a ‘Scates’ label and supplied the concertina to a dealer in Liverpool.73 Advertisement The Liverpool Mercury May 25th 1849 No. 2094 Vol. XXXIX page 1.74 In a posting entitled: ’Concertina Made by H. Dean, how old is it? Initiated by Ole Munch-Pederson. ‘” Double Pans” were an attempt to solve the perceived difference in tone between the press and draw notes on an English concertina. They consist of a reed pan with partitions on both sides, to try to equalise the sound. Joseph Scates seems to have been the first maker to use them, followed by George Case (who took over Scates’ London business), and also Louis Lachenal.’ Stephen Chambers: concertina.net, March 4th

2004 .75 London Gazette 19th Dec. 1854, Issue 21649 page 90 where Scates appeared in a list of exhibitors submitted by various committees.76 Leeds Mercury 13th November 185577 Wes Williams in his ‘Other Makers and Dealers’ on concertina.com.78 Stephen Chambers - concertina.net discussion. See note 74.79 After discussion with Neil Wayne and suggested by a discussion entitled ’Turner? Who made this one’ on concertina.net 13th Jan 2007.80 ‘The Wheatstone Ledgers.’ concertina.com. see appendix ii.81 Neil Wayne, from ‘Wheatstone’s Concertina and the History of the London Concertina Making Trade 1829 to 1896’ Neil Wayne See note 14.82 ‘Recollections of the English Concertina, from 1844’ by George Jones. concertina.com. Thought by Neil Wayne to be 1852/3 from ‘Wheatstone’s Concertina and the History of the London Concertina Making Trade 1829 to 1896’ Neil Wayne. See note 14.

made arrangements with Bankham, Card and Parrish (Parish) for the ‘English’ complete.83 In 1862 Scates was still advertising concertinas of his ‘own make’ in an advertisement, partly aimed at purchasers wishing to send/take concertinas to India – he advertised a specialbox made of tin for the purpose84.Scates, like most of the concertina manufacturers of his day, is likely to have used ‘outworkers’ for a lot of the manufacturing processes. The result of this sales/production method has led to a number of different ‘actions’ being used during his manufacturing years.Scates Concertina serial No 19 (Amboyna),85 has an ‘action’ almost identical to a concertina made by Nickolds Bros86. Scates Concertina Serial Number 921 (Rosewood) also has the above action.Scates Concertina No 226 (Amboyna)87 has an action that has been used by both Rock Chidley88 89 and Nickolds Bros.90 A Wheatstone concertina Serial No.3162 made approximately 1850/1 seen on EBay auction site also uses the same action.As can be seen from the ‘timeline,’ Joseph Scates ran his business in a number of locations. That he advertised for ‘an apprentice to his music warehouse’ in 1864, for which ‘a fee will be required,’91 seems to suggest that he was expecting to be continuing his business. However, in 1865 he announced his intent to retire from ‘business’92 and began a clearance sale ‘to give Cramer and Co. possession.’93 In the same newspaper he ‘officially’ announces his retirement ‘wholly from the music business’ and stated that he intends to devote ‘his entire time to the profession’ and that ‘he will continue to give lessons on the Pianoforte, Harmonium and Concertina at 15, Westmoreland Street (Messrs Cramer and Co.), and at his private residence at 35 Upper Baggot Street.’ This announcement seems to have caused some concerns as he follows the ‘retirement’ notice with the following statement ‘Mr. JOSEPH SCATES, having disposed of his music business to Messrs Cramer and Co., returns his sincere thanks to the nobility and public for their liberal patronage during the last 15 (13?) years and begs to state, in reply to numerous inquiries, that he has no intention of leaving Ireland. He is now prepared to receive pupils as before, for the Concertina, Harmonium and Pianoforte at 15 Westmoreland Street (Messrs Cramer’s); also at his residence 35, Upper Baggot Street, the corner of Waterloo Road.’94

Scates ‘retired’ aged 47.

The man and his Family……I feel that Joseph Scates was something of an opportunist as far as his business went, in particular his move to Dublin in 1850 and his start of a business in Doncaster in 1852 (a business that existed barely a year before being re-sold). I wonder whether he was ‘cashing in’ on the enthusiasms generated by the Great Exhibition of 1851 and the arrival of the railway in Doncaster (Sir Edmund Beckett MP for the West Riding of Yorkshire 1841-1859 and also chairman of The Great Northern Railway Company was influential in bringing the Company’s engineering works to the town). Further evidence of Scates opportunism may be seen from the report of his court case, taken out against members of the Fine Arts committee of The Royal Dublin Society, where Scates having been officially engaged for some performances plus some ‘extras’ at the request of the Conductor (Mr Levey) attempted (unsuccessfully) to claim payment for the occasions when he appeared to be playing at his exhibition stand to demonstrate his instruments.95

83 ‘Recollections of the English Concertina, from 1844’ by George Jones, concertina.com.84 ‘Life and Times of the Concertina the adoption and usage of a novel musical instrument with particular reference to Scotland’: Open University: Stuart Eydmann, concertina.com. Illustration 8.85 Labelled as 32, New Bond Street – examined locally by the author of this review whilst the concertina formed an auction item on ebay internet auction.86 Comprising cylindrical post with a slot cut vertically; down into the top and having the lever riveted through this post, the benefit being that the rivet was supported at both ends. This type of action is illustrated in Wheatstones patent No. 10041. Illustration 9.87 Owned by myself. Purchased sometime between 1977 and 1980 from an antique shop called ‘Yesteryear,’ King Street, Melton Mowbray, for £48. Illustration 10.88 Theo Gibb, concertina.net, also on a concertina, serial No 1698 offered for sale on an EBay internet auction.89 Also seen on a Rock Chidley Baritone kindly loaned to the author by Nic Burdett90 Dave Prebble, concertina.net, Posting: ‘Profile of Action Levers…‘ 18th March 2007. No photographic evidence available.91 Advertisement in The Irish Times 12th August 1864 page 1.92 Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser, 18th October 1865 Vol. XCVIII page 1.93 Advertisements in The Irish Times 19th October 1865 page 2.94 The Irish Times, 13th December 1865 page 1.95 Report in the Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser February 15th 1862 Vol. XCV page 4

Little is known of Scates’ personality, but some small insight may be deduced from his prosecution of an employee ‘having left his employment contrary to agreement by which he (Scates) was seriously inconvenienced’ Mr John Thomas David ( the employee in question) quoted as being paid 28 shillings a week, was subsequently fined £2 which if not paid would result in one month in prison.96 Scates had some issues with the members of the Theatre Royal Orchestra - ‘the members also take this present opportunity of informing the Patrons and pupils of Mr Scates, and the public of the reason that gentleman’s withdrawing his name from the concert, which was simply the accidental omission of his name in the first announcement, which when perceived they visited on Mr Scates - explained, apologised and offered reparation - but he would not receive either apology or explanation. They, therefore had no alternative but to withdraw his name from the programme.’ They (members of the orchestra) thanked the gentleman of the press ‘to whom they owe a deep obligation for their generous support.’97

Scates had an active involvement with St. Andrew’s Church, Blackrock, Dublin (where the birth of his second son Harry Wilton’s birth was registered in 1864). Scates is mentioned in a newspaper article entitled ‘EASTER VESTRIES, St. ANDREWS PARISH’ which states that ‘The vestry took place at twelve o’clock98, where Joseph Scates is listed as ‘overseer of Public houses’ along with nine other men.99 Although Scates said that ‘he had no intention of leaving Ireland’ see note 94 it is probable that he recognised ‘promise’ in his daughter, Linda’s Piano-forte playing and it may be that his ‘retirement wholly from business’ enabled him to devote more time to contribute to Linda’s tuition in Piano-forte and Concertina. Linda won a free scholarship to The Royal Academy of Music on October 13th 1866.100 Contrary to his earlier statement about not leaving Ireland, he seems to have uprooted his family and moved to England, accompanying Linda to London. In 1867 was living at 68, Gloucester Crescent, Regents Park. see note 52. In the census returns for 1871101 Joseph Scates, Mary Ann (wife), Fred, Linda, Annie F. and Harry W. are listed at 69, Gloucester Crescent, Regents Park. This move took place between February 1870 and February 1871.102 (this entry is the first mention of fourth son, Harry Wilton Scates) the census return also lists Joseph Scates as ‘Professor of the Violin.’In the newspaper article it says ‘in her entry on the books for the competition she was described as “Pianist, pupil of Dr. Stewart, and daughter of Mr. Joseph Scates, Oboist, late of Dublin”.’Linda went on to be a concert pianist of some note.Scates’ skill as an instrumentalist encompassed, Piano-forte, Harmonium, Concertina, Oboe and Violin. That he played Oboe and Violin only seems to have come to light on his return to England.103

I created the Scates family tree more by accident than design. During my research into Joseph Scates, I kept encountering members of his family and not wanting to lose track of them, it seemed reasonable to put them into tree form to help me remember who was who. This tree just seemed to grow. I find it interesting to note the families social progression from Joseph Scates (Manufacturer and Professor of the Concertina) who started as a reed maker and tuner, via a music professor (his daughter Linda), her daughter (Sylvia) who was the wife of a Baronet and through that union to another Baronet (Sylvia’s son, Richard Leslie the 3rd Baronet). Whilst it is not absolutely certain where Scates originally obtained finance to start his business see note 63 and although Scates retired ‘wholly from the music business’ aged 47, he seems to have prospered in his various enterprises over the years, as did his daughter and granddaughter in their turn. Joseph Scates’ ‘effects’ in his will were valued in 1899 (the year of his death) at £1,158-7s-11d (equivalent to over £484,000 in 2006). Probate was granted to Samuel Roberts Legg 51, Freshfield Road, Kemp Town Brighton, Sussex (Executor) on 5th February 1900.104

Linda’s ‘effects’ valued in 1915 at £2,421-19s-9d (equivalent to £725,000 in 2006). Sylvia’s ‘effects’ valued

96 Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser November 25th 1859 Vol. XCVII page 497 Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser July 4th 1855 Vol. LXXXVIII page 1.98 ‘vestry’ in this usage refers to aspects of the administration of the Parish.99 Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser April 18th 1854 Vol. LXXXVII page 4.100 Belfast News-Letter October 25th 1866 No. 33511, CXXIX, page 4.101 Census returns for 1871 TNO:PRO.102 Derived from a list of Bankers Returns published in the London Gazette in the relevant years103 The announcement of Joseph Scates death in The Era December 30 th 1899 Vol. 63 No3197 page 16 lists him as an oboist. see note 52.104 London Gazette (online) 13th February 1900 page 34.

in 1910 at £4,541-18s-5d (equivalent to approx. £1.7M in 2006).105 106

Concert PerformancesFrom just prior to his starting his concertina manufacturing business until his ‘retirement’ from ‘business’ he appeared in more than fifty concerts. Some were relatively low key some more noteworthy. In 1842 he appeared at The New Strand Theatre playing ‘Wheatstones patent concertina‘.107 In the same year he played for Queen Victoria & Prince Albert at ‘The Grand Fete at Fulham.108

Scates also appeared in various concerts with his wife also playing concertina.In 1849 he played in a number of concerts in ‘The Queen’s Rooms’ Hanover Square, London with players such as Regondi, Blagrove, Sedgwick, Case, and Chidley.109 He and his wife appeared in Dublin Castle on more than one occasion.110 Scates played a number of concerts in Doncaster see notes 27 and 28.Scates appeared in a number of Exhibitions both as an exhibitor and as a performer, of which ‘The Dublin International Exhibition’ had a performance of particular note in that he accompanied his daughter Linda and the Mdlles Lachenal.111

In 1862 he made a number of appearances in ‘The Royal Dublin Society Fine Arts Exhibition.’ Scates took the Fine Arts committee to court over his claim for appearance fees. The court case (which he lost) does give an indication of his fees. The claim was for 41Gns. for 41 appearances. Scates whilst giving evidence claimed that his usual concert fee was £4 to £5.112

Coincidences discovered along the way….In illustrations pages 9 & 10, there are pictures of two concertina actions. One is from my own Joseph Scates Amboyna English, serial No.226, labelled 28, Westmoreland Street, Dublin and was likely to be manufactured around 1850.The other is Joseph Scates Amboyna English, Serial No. 19, labelled 32, New Bond Street, London. No.19 was likely to have been manufactured between 1847 and 1849. I bought mine (serial No 226) from a shop in Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire and No.19 was sold through an ebay internet auction from an address in Syston, Leicestershire.The town of Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire is on the A607 and 10.4 miles along this road, is the town/village of Syston. illustration 11. Considering that Scates’ output was relatively small, it has always seemed unusual to have discovered two good quality English concertinas labelled Joseph Scates, albeit with different addresses, geographically this close together. While looking at the 1901 UK census transcriptions, I discovered an entry for someone called ‘Yates’ (no forename) who was listed as a ‘mother in law’ to the head of the household. I examined the entries under Kirby Hall (the residence in question) and found that there were in fact two dwellings. One was Kirby Hall and the other was Kirby Cottage. see illustration 12. I then discovered that the head of the Kirby Cottage household was listed as Gerald S. Danson, plus his wife Sylvia L. plus two female servants. On inspecting the census record itself, rather than the transcription, I realised that Gerald S Danson was actually Sir Gerald S. Hanson and that his wife was Sylvia L Hanson (nee Dutton Cook).The ‘Yates’ mother in law (also listed at Kirby Cottage) was probably Linda Yates (previously married to Edward Dutton Cook) and she was the second daughter of Joseph Scates, concertina manufacturer. As previously noted,Linda was a concertinist as well as a noted pianist.As Kirby Hall and Kirby Cottage are 3.4 miles from Melton Mowbray, towards Syston on the A607. see illustration 11., I feel that this may go someway to explaining the finding of two Scates concertinas in such close proximity to each other.Linda Scates, after the death of Edward Dutton Cook, had apparently resumed her previous musical profession in 1884 and was appointed a professor at the Guildhall School and the same year was granted an annual pension from the Civil List, of £150 (at 2006 values worth more than £72K see note 105).

105 Lawrence H. Officer “Purchasing Power of British Pounds From 1264 to 2006’’ www.MeasuringWorth.com 2007 using Average Earnings calculation.106 All information regarding ‘effects’ and ‘wills’ obtained from microfiches held by Leicestershire and Rutland Family History Society: Pilot House, King Street, Leicester, UK. 107 John Bull: 8th January 1842 Vol. XXII No. 1100 page 14.108 John Bull: 22nd July 1842 Issue 1441 page 473.109 Advertisements appearing in both ‘The Liverpool Mercury’ 20th March 1849 Vol. XXXIX page 1 and ‘The Satirist’31st March 1849.110 Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser. 9th March 1850 Vol. LXXXIII page 1 and 15th March 1853 Vol. LXXXVI page 3111 Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser. 25th Sept 1865 Vol. XCVIII page 1.112 Freemans Journal and Commercial Advertiser 13th 14th, and 15th February 1862 Vol. XCV page 4

The ‘new’ Guildhall School of Music was opened on 10th December 1886, by the then Lord Mayor (Sir Reginald Hanson) who was to become father in law to Sylvia Dutton Cook (Linda’s daughter) in 1899 when his son Gerald married Sylvia. In 1870 George Case (purchaser of Scates’ first business) and his wife advertised an ‘entirely new entertainment, written expressly for them by Edmund Yates Esq.’ at the Spa Concert Room, Harrogate.113 Edmund Yates Esq. was to become father in law to Linda Scates, at her second marriage to his son, Charles Dickens Theodore Yates.On the subject of coincidences, I note that Joseph. Scates never seems to be located that far away from racecourses. The Curragh was the furthest, at approximately 36 miles from his Dublin residences. Punchestown Racecourse was 26 miles and Fairyhouse Racecourse was 16 miles from Dublin. Doncaster Racecourse was about 8 miles from the High Street Doncaster (Scates’ shop location). Not forgetting the proximity of Aintree to Liverpool and the ferries. Brighton Racecourse was half a mile from his last residence. Just coincidental?

Conclusions I said in the introduction to this review that my desire was to find out who actually did make my concertina – Joseph Scates, Amboyna English, Serial No.226. I can’t honestly say that I found an answer to the original query, as at least four manufacturers used the same action and a number of ‘makers’ were capable of producing the woodwork etc. to the same high standard. Whilst Scates may have been a ‘minor’ maker in relation to such as Wheatstone and Lachenal, it should not be forgotten that he was the first ‘independent’ maker after Wheatstone and as such deserves recognition for his enterprise.

113 Evanion Collection of Ephemera Catalogue, Evan. 533: British Library.

IllustrationsIllustration 1. Front cover of Rudimenti del Concertinista.114

114 Randall C. Merris Concertina.com

Illustration 2. email from Dr B. Strauchen confirming concertina address labels on concertinas with serial numbers 75 and 245.

Dear Chris, I have now been able to examine the labels of both of the Scates concertinas mentioned below. Both labels read as follows: JOSEPH SCATES/Manufacturer/10, Frith Street, Soho/LONDON I hope this information is helpful to your research and apologise for the delay in getting it to you. Many thanks for your patience. Best wishes,Bradley E. Bradley Strauchen BMus LRAM DPhil Musical Instruments Section Horniman Museum & Gardens Telephone: (+44) 020 8699 1872 ext. 133 Fax: (+44) 020 8291 5506 Horniman Public Museum & Public Park Trust. Registered Office: 100 London Road, Forest Hill, London SE23 3PQ Company registration No. 2456393. Registered charity in England and Wales No. 802725 Visit the Horniman's website : www.horniman.ac.uk < http://www.horniman.ac.uk >

Illustration 3. Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette: November 21st 1851 Scates purchase of W.J.Milne Doncaster. Courtesy of Doncaster Archives see note 24 See appendix vi.

Illustration 4. Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette May 7th 1852. Concert Advert. . Courtesy of Doncaster Archives see note 24See appendix vi.

Illustration 5. Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette June 18th 1852. Scates concert advertisement – concert with 'Marie'. Courtesy of Doncaster Archives see note 24

Illustration 6. Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette September 3rd 1852. Scates selling Doncaster business to Marsh. Courtesy of Doncaster Archives see note 24

Illustration 7. Cramer and Co. Pamphlet – inserted in Thom's Official Directory 1866

Illustration 8. 1862 Advert. MDA

Illustration 9. Action from No. 19 Scates concertina (32, New Bond Street, London).

Illustration 10. Action from No.226 concertina (28,Westmoreland Street Dublin). Photograph courtesy of Tony Jalland

Illustration 11. A607 Melton Mowbray To Syston via Kirby Bellars

Approx. 2 miles to 1 inch

Illustration 12. Kirby Cottage, Kirby Bellars, Leicestershire UKCopyright: Trevor Hickman, ‘Around Melton Mowbray‘, Published by Nonsuch Press, part of Historypress 2007.

Illustration 13. Front Cover ‘Leisure Moments’ by G. Regondi.

APPENDICES

i. PublishingJoseph Scates appears as a ‘publisher’ in ‘Victorian Music Publishers.’115

Listed below is a selection of Music Published by Joseph Scates.

1844‘Rudimenti del Concertinista, or a Complete Series of Elementary and Progressive Exercises for the Concertina’ London Joseph Scates, 1844; later by Wheatstone & Co.

1844-47‘Adelaide’ by L. van Beethoven: arranged for the concertina and piano forte by JosephScates London: J Scates [between 1844 and 1847].

1850‘Romance for the Concertina’ with an accompaniment (ad lib.) for the piano forte, etc[concertina part] Sedgwick, Alfred B: London: J. Scates, [c1850]‘Souvenir des concerts…Brilliant solos, for the concertina, etc. No. 1 Sedgwick, AlfredB. London: J. Scates, [c1850].‘The Rose Tree in full Bearing’, arranged with variations for the concertina, and anaccompaniment for the pianoforte (ad libitum). [Concertina part] Sedgwick, Alfred B.London: J. Scates [c1850].

1852-55Instruction Book for the Improved German Concertina, London: J W Moffatt; andDublin: Joseph Scates c 1852-55.

1857‘New Method for the Concertina’ Regondi, Giulio: Dublin: Joseph Scates 1857; London:Wessel & Co., 1857.‘Leisure Moments’ – dedicated to Miss Linda Scates:116 Regondi, Giulio: Dublin: JosephScates 1857.

1860‘All the Favourite Airs [arranged for the Concertina by J. Scates]’ Mellon, Alfred;London: J. Scates 1860.‘The Favourite Airs…Arranged for…Concertina’ by J. Scates: Wallace, WilliamVincent; London: J. Scates 1860.

1861‘All the Favourite Airs…Arranged for the…Concertina’ by J. Scates: MacFarren, GeorgeAlexander, Sir117; London: J. Scates 1860.

All the above music.118

115 Victorian Music Publishers: an Annotated List by John A. Parkinson (Warren MI: Harmonie Park Press 1990) page 245.116 Allan Atlas raised a question about her age in his paper ‘Ladies in the Wheatstone Ledgers: the Engendered Concertina in Victorian England, 1835-1879’, according to the 1871 census returns she was, at the time of the census, 20 years old, implying that she was born in 1851. Illustration 13.117 Sir George A. MacFarren was the brother of Walter Cecil MacFarren (1826-1905), Professor of piano at The Royal Academy of Music (1846-1903) Noted in The Musical Times 1st February 1874 ‘ Linda Scates with ‘her Master Mr Walter MacFarren play Mozart’s Concerto in Eb for 2 pianos’118 British Library.

ii. Scates’ purchases of Wheatstone concertinas119

119 Numerical data taken from The Wheatstone Ledgers, Horniman Museum. Internet access via concertina.com

iii. A Selection of Scates’ concert performances

iv. Scates Family Tree 120

120 Information regarding Sylvia Cook’s education: courtesy of Mrs Rachael Roberts, Archivist at Cheltenham Ladies College, Gloucestershire.

Genealogy reportDescendants of Joseph Scates Snr.

Generation No. 11. JOSEPH SCATES1 SNR.1 was born 1776, and died 1854 in Kensington2. He married (1) VASHTI JEFFERY (HATHAWAY)34, daughter of HATHAWAY. She was born 1792 in Fawler, Nr. Charlbury Oxfordshire5, and died 1864 in Kensington6. He married (2) MARY KING 1793 in St Botolph Bishopgate London. She died Abt. 1845 in Pancras.

Notes for JOSEPH SCATES SNR.:Joseph Scates Senior's 40, Frith Street address was also listed as a 'Porteusian Bible warehouse.'Porteusian Bibles were:-1. A common Bible of the authorised version, to some of the chapters of which, the figures 1, 2 and 1*, are prefixed by hand, according as they appear to the Porteusian Editor to be spiritual, historical, or doctrinal. 2. To this Bible is prefixed the Porteusian Index, together with a Scripture View of the Christian's Faith, Duty,and Privileges.The Porteusian Society had their 'Depository at Frith Street. The above information was taken from 'The CHRISTIAN GUARDIAN, and Church of England Magazine for MDCCCXXII' (1822) re-printed on the internet by Google Books.

Beilby Porteus (1731-1808) Bishop of London (1789-1808). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Joseph Scates was found in a Sun Insurance listing at 7, Blenheim Street as 'gentleman'More About JOSEPH SCATES SNR.:Occupation: Bookseller.

Notes for VASHTI JEFFERY (HATHAWAY):Vashti's first husband (Thomas Jeffery) was killed in the Battle of Waterloo 1815they appeared to have had a son named ThomasMore About VASHTI JEFFERY (HATHAWAY):Not married: Vashti Jeffery does not appear to have ever married Joseph Scates7

Children of JOSEPH SNR. and VASHTI (HATHAWAY) are:2. i. JOSEPH SCATES2 (JEFFERY), b. 09 Jan 1818, St James, Westminster; d. 19 Dec 1899,

Brighton.ii. ELIZA SCATES (JEFFERY)8, b. Abt. 1823, Unknown.

iii. SOPHIA SCATES (JEFFERY)9, b. 1827, St James, Westminster; d. Aft. 1861.3. iv. ELLEN SCATES (JEFFERY), b. 1830, St James, Westminster; d. 1891, Farnham.4. v. MARY ANN SCATES (JEFFERY), b. 1834, St James, Westminster.

Child of JOSEPH SNR. and MARY KING is:vi. ELIZABETH2 SCATES, b. Abt. 1806, London; d. 1891, St Albans.

Generation No. 22. JOSEPH SCATES2 (JEFFERY) (JOSEPH SCATES1 SNR.)10 was born 09 Jan 1818 in St James, Westminster, and died 19 Dec 1899 in Brighton11. He married (1) MARY ANN DAWSON 12 Feb 1837 in St Dunstan in the West, London12. She was born 1818, and died 1845. He married (2) MARY ANN SOUNES13

1848 in Pancras. Married in last quarter of 184814, daughter of WILLIAM SOUNES and MARY ANN. She was born 1828, and died 1895 in Brighton.More About JOSEPH SCATES (JEFFERY):Banker: Bet. 1867 - 1871, London and County Banking Company15

Occupation: 1844, Manufacturer and Professor of the Concertina.Probate: 05 Feb 1900, Granted in London to Samuel Roberts Legg - Chief Rate Collector. Effects £1158-7-11d.16

Child of JOSEPH (JEFFERY) and MARY DAWSON is:i. MARY ANN ELLEN3 SCATES17, b. 1837, St Pancras, London; d. 1911, Chelsea.

More About MARY ANN ELLEN SCATES:Burial: 1911, Brompton Cemetery Grave No.070697Not married: Bet. 1871 - 1891, Lived with Ellen (Scates) and John Wilton

Children of JOSEPH (JEFFERY) and MARY SOUNES are:5. ii. LINDA3 SCATES, b. 1851, Dublin; d. 14 Nov 1915, Sunny Corner, Ewhurst, Surrey.

iii. ARTHUR W SCATES, b. 1852, Doncaster; d. 05 Apr 1891, Rio De Janiero ss Viking died of Yellow Fever.More About ARTHUR W SCATES:Cause of Death: Yellow Fever

6. iv. FRED LANDOR SCATES, b. 1855, Dublin; d. 1900, Burnley Lancs.7. v. GEORGE SCATES, b. 1859, Monkstown Dublin.

vi. ANNIE FLORENCE SCATES18, b. 1862, Dublin19; m. HENRY FLEMMING, 26 Aug 1885, Brighton Parish Church St Peter's20; b. 1852, St Pancras.More About ANNIE FLORENCE SCATES:Education: Music Student.More About HENRY FLEMMING:Occupation: 1871, Clerk

Marriage Notes for ANNIE SCATES and HENRY FLEMMING:3rd Quarter Vol 2b Page 402 BMD register.

vii. HARRY WILTON SCATES21, b. 24 Jun 1864, Blackrock, (Bray), Dublin22; d. 14 Feb 1937, El PasoTexas; m. SARAH.

Notes for HARRY WILTON SCATES:Harry worked for American Smelting and Refining Co. (AS&R) as a chemist.He worked for AS&R for 40 Years and retired aged 64 according to his death certificate (certificate number 8173).His address at death was 1219, N. Oregon #10 El Paso. He was listed as living in El Paso for 8 yearsburied at Evergreen Cemetery.More About HARRY WILTON SCATES:Cause of Death: Bronchial PnuemoniaImmigration: 1884, Sailed with Geo Scates on 'Pavonia' with a destination of Indiana on the manifesto23

Medical Information: died in Southwestern General HospitalOccupation: 1937, Listed on death certificate as a chemist who had worked for American Smelting & Refining (AS & R) for 40 years24

Travels: 03 Jul 1906, From Mexico to Dover on Kronprinzessin Cecilie25

3. ELLEN SCATES2 (JEFFERY) (JOSEPH SCATES1 SNR.)26,27 was born 1830 in St James, Westminster, and died 1891 in Farnham. She married DR. JOHN WILTON28 1863 in Farnham Surrey. He was born 1831 in Batheaston Somerset, and died 1909 in Farnham Surrey.More About ELLEN SCATES (JEFFERY):Baptism: 1830, St. Martin in the FieldsEllen: 1830, Baptised as Ellen Jeffery.

Notes for DR. JOHN WILTON:Address for 1871:-Wrecclesham Grange, Farnham HantsMore About DR. JOHN WILTON:

Occupation: 1860, Surgeon MRCS29

Children of ELLEN (JEFFERY) and JOHN WILTON are:i. ELEANOR3 WILTON, b. 1865, Farnham.

ii. BEATRICE MAY WILTON, b. 05 Mar 1869, Sutton.

More About BEATRICE MAY WILTON:Christening: 11 Apr 1869, Sutton Surrey

4. MARY ANN SCATES2 (JEFFERY) (JOSEPH SCATES1 SNR.)30 was born 1834 in St James, Westminster. She married JAMES SOUNES, son of WILLIAM SOUNES and MARY ANN. He was born 1834.More About MARY ANN SCATES (JEFFERY):Baptism: 1835, St. Martin in the Fields.Mary Ann: 1835, Mary Ann was Baptised as Mary Ann Jeffery.

Children of MARY (JEFFERY) and JAMES SOUNES are:i. CLARENCE3 SOUNES, b. 1856; m. MARIA ALICE O'NEILL, 1893, Farnham; b. 1870,

Gosport; d. 1929.More About CLARENCE SOUNES:Occupation: 1882, 1882 -87 Singer with D'Oyly Carte Opera Company

ii. AMY SOUNES, b. 1859.iii. FLORENCE SOUNES, b. 1861.iv. LINDA SOUNES, b. 1864.v. ALICE SOUNES, b. 1870.

Generation No. 3

5. LINDA3 SCATES (JOSEPH SCATES2 (JEFFERY), JOSEPH SCATES1 SNR.)31 was born 1851 in Dublin31, and died 14 Nov 1915 in Sunny Corner, Ewhurst, Surrey. She married (1) EDWARD DUTTON COOK32 20 Aug 1874 in Pancras, London33, son of GEORGE SIMON COOK. He was born 1831 in St Pancras, London, and died 11 Sep 1883 in 69, Gloucester Crescent, London. She married (2) CHARLES DICKENS THEODORE YATES34 06 Jan 1885 in St. Marks, Regent Park, London35, son of EDMUND YATES and LOUISA WILKINSON. He was born 27 Sep 1855 in St. Pancras.36, and died 14 Nov 1937 in Heathwood 11, Cherry Garden Avenue, Folkestone.37.

Notes for LINDA SCATES:1867 - won female dept. silver medal at The Royal Academy of Music (RAM). The Musical Times: JSTOR (online archive).1869 -won silver medal (RAM). The Musical Times: JSTOR.1870 - received letter of commendation (already a silver medal winner) (RAM). The Musical Times: JSTOR.Linda featured in a number of concerts whilst at the Royal Academy receiving praise from newspaper critics notably The Times. Linda was noted in the 1901 census as being at Kirby Cottage, Kirby Hall, Kirby Bellars, Leicestershire with her daughter, Sylvia and her son in law, Gerald S. Hanson Bt.More About LINDA SCATES:Education: 01 Nov 1866, Won free scholarship to study at The Royal Academy of Music (RAM).Occupation: 1884, Professor of Music: Guildhall School of Music. Awarded a pension of £150 from the civil list.38

Probate: 21 Dec, Granted to Charles Dickens Theodore Yates and William Dawson Warren. Effects £2421-19-9d.

Notes for EDWARD DUTTON COOK:Edward Dutton Cook met Linda Scates at Gads Hill (Charles Dickens house). It is not clear whether this meeting took place whilst Charles Dickens (1812 - 1870) was living or after his death. If the meeting took

place while Charles Dickens was living, then it follows that Linda met her future husband when she was between 11 and 15 years old.More About EDWARD DUTTON COOK:Education: 1843, King's College School, London.Occupation: Author and critic.

More About CHARLES DICKENS THEODORE YATES:Christening: 1855, godfather probably Charles Dickens (the author).Probate: Granted to Emilie Lillian Yates - widow. Effects £1353-0-6d.

Child of LINDA SCATES and EDWARD COOK is:8. i. SYLVIA LINDA DUTTON4 COOK, b. Nov 1876, St. Pancras, London; d. 01 Jan 1910, 12,

Brunswick Square, Hove, Sussex.

6. FRED LANDOR3 SCATES (JOSEPH SCATES2 (JEFFERY), JOSEPH SCATES1 SNR.) was born 1855 in Dublin, and died 1900 in Burnley Lancs. He married FLORA TUESKI 1886 in Greenwich, daughter of HENRY TUESKI and SOPHIE. She was born 1867 in Shoreditch.More About FRED LANDOR SCATES:Cause of Death: Malignant Scarlet FeverOccupation: 1882, 1882 -87 Singer(Baritone) with D'Oyly Carte Opera CompanyMore About FLORA TUESKI:Occupation: 1883, 1883 - 84 singer with The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company

Child of FRED SCATES and FLORA TUESKI is:i. ARTHUR CLARENCE4 SCATES, b. Abt. 1885.

More About ARTHUR CLARENCE SCATES:Occupation: 1901, Clerk in city business

7. GEORGE3 SCATES (JOSEPH SCATES2 (JEFFERY), JOSEPH SCATES1 SNR.) was born 1859 in Monkstown Dublin. He married KATE. She was born 1862 in St John's Wood.More About KATE:Residence: 1911, (with Evelyn Maude) 38, Dudley Gardens West Ealing London

Children of GEORGE SCATES and KATE are:i. PERCY4 SCATES, b. 1889, Camden Town.

More About PERCY SCATES:Occupation: 1911, Upholsterers Clerk at 49, Grafton Street Tottenham Court Road London

ii. EVELYN MAUDE SCATES, b. 1890, Camden Town.More About EVELYN MAUDE SCATES:Residence: 1911, (with Kate) 38, Dudley Gardens West Ealing London

Generation No. 48. SYLVIA LINDA DUTTON4 COOK (LINDA3 SCATES, JOSEPH SCATES2 (JEFFERY), JOSEPH SCATES1 SNR.)39,40 was born Nov 1876 in St. Pancras, London41, and died 01 Jan 1910 in 12, Brunswick Square, Hove, Sussex42. She married SIR GERALD STANHOPE HANSON 2ND BT43 Jun 1899 in St George, Hanover Square,London43, son of REGINALD BT. and CONSTANCE BINGLEY. He was born 23 Apr 1867 in Hampstead, and died 18 Jan 1946 in Grovelands, Wineham, Henfield, Sussex.

Notes for SYLVIA LINDA DUTTON COOK:Sylvia is named on the Cheltenham Ladies College admission list.In the 1891 census returns she is listed as a boarder with Mrs Caines. This may have been a temporary residence prior to taking up residence in Fauconberg House.

At this time Cheltenham Ladies College was also viewed as a finishing school.

Information about Sylvia's education at Cheltenham Ladies College was provided by Mrs. Rachael Roberts, Archivist at Cheltenham Ladies College.

Sylvia died at 12, Brunswick Square, Hove, New Years Eve 1909. Her husband had gone hunting in the Midlands thinking that, though Sylvia was ill, she was well enough to be left with a servant (Maud Lockie). She left Sylvia alone (with Sylvia's permission, according to Maud Lockie) and during her absence, Sylvia died. Maud Lockie was subsequently arrested for theft of items belonging to G. Stanhope Hanson.More About SYLVIA LINDA DUTTON COOK:Christening: Named after the heroine in Cooks first novel.44

Education: 23 Jan 1891, Cheltenham Ladies College.Exams passed: 1893, Oxford Senior Local Exam = Associate of Arts.Fact 1: Bet. 1891 - 1893, Took dancing as an extra lesson.Guardian: C.D.Yates listed as Guardian whilst Sylvia was at Cheltenham Ladies College.Probate: 31 Jan 1910, Administration was granted to Sir Gerald Stanhope Hanson. Effects £4541-18-5d.More About SIR GERALD STANHOPE HANSON 2ND BT:Address (Facts Pg): 1920, Eye Kettleby Melton MowbrayCause of Death: not knownMedical Information: died peacefullyMilitary service: Captain 3rd Battalion Royal Fusiliers.

Child of SYLVIA COOK and GERALD BT is:i. SIR RICHARD LESLIE REGINALD HANSON 3RD5 BT45, b. 21 Nov 1905, 23, Cleveland

Square, London; d. 07 Oct 1951, Worthing, Sussex.

Endnotes to genealogy report

1. 1841 census returns. National Archives.2. Death Register Index . National Archives.3. 1841 census returns. National Archives.4. Marriage register Index. National Archives.5. 1841 census returns. National Archives. birth year derived from census information6. Death Register Index. National Archives.7. Joseph Scates will. Identifies Vashti as Vashti Jeffery8. Joseph Scates Snr's will.9. 1841 census returns. National Archives.10. FamilySearch, International Genealogical Index v5.0, birth record.11. Death Register Index. National Archives.12. Pallot's Marriage Index For England 1780 - 1837.13. Tracing back from Clarence Sounes and confirmed by IGI for son Harry Wilton Scates.14. Pallot's Marriage Index For England 1780 - 1837.15. London Gazette Banker's Returns Supplement for respective years.16. London Gazette 13th Feb 1900 page 34.17. 1841 census returns. National Archives.Mary Ann part of name from Joseph Scates Will18. 1881 census returns National Archives.19. 1881 census returns. National Archives.20. Marriage certificate.21. 1871 census return National Archives.22. IGI Familysearch.com.23. Ships manifesto sailing to Boston May 1884. Ancestry .co.uk24. Texas Dept. Health bureau of staistics standard certificate of death. from Ancestry.co.uk25. UK incoming Passenger lists 1878 -1960. Ancestry.co.uk26. Pallots Baptism Index For England 1780 - 1837.27. Wedding Ancestry.co.uk, Ellen Jeffery and John Wilton.28. Joseph Scates will.29. Medical Register p 517 1871 Ancestry .co.uk.30. Pallot's Baptism Index For England 1780 - 1837.31. FamilySearch, International Genealogical Index v5.032. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.33. Marriage Register Index. National Archives.34. The Wheatstone English concertina in Victorian England: Allan W. Atlas: Clarendon Press 1996.35. Marriage Register Index. National Archives.36. 1861 census returns. National Archives.37. Leicestershire and Rutland Family History Society (Wills Index), Pilot House, King Street, Leicester.38. British Musical Biography: A Dictionary of Musical Artists & Composers, Born in Britain and its Colonies 1897 J.D.Brown &

Stephen S. Stratton reprinted 1971 NY.39. 1891 census returns. Listed as a boarder in Fauconberg House Cheltenham Ladies College. National Archives.40. Age derived form census return. 1881 census returns. National Archives.41. 1881 census returns. National Archives.42. The Times Newspaper. 1910.43. Marriage Register Index. National Archives.44. Biography of Edward Dutton Cook: by G.C.Boase (rev) Nilanjana Banerji. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.45. Birth Register Index. National Archives.

v. Transcription of the Last Will and Testament of Joseph Scates Snr.121

In The Name of God Amen~I Joseph Scates of No. 5 Sellwood Street in the parish of St. Mary Abbotts Kensington in the county of Middlesex do hereby certify that this is my last will and testament My debts I have none and I greatly desire to have a very plain and cheap funeral, to be buried in the cemetery

opposite St. Marks College Fulham Road Middlesex. I give and bequeath to my servant Margaret Morrison the sum of £30 and as she has been very kind and attentive to me during the time she has been in my service I request that she may be paid her said legacy of £30 from the first sale of any part of my property and I have deposited in her hands my gold watch and chain with the three gold seals which the said Margaret Morrison will deliver up to my Executrix hereinafter named when she receives the said sum of £30 as before stated. Also I request that the said M. Morrison may be treated with respect and that she may remain in my house till after my funeral as I give this money to M. Morrison from not being able to pay her wages, or a very little. And to Joseph Jeffery commonly called Joseph Scates the sum of £5 as he has received much of my property some years since, and as to all the rest, residue and remainder of my Estate and effects of whatsoever kind and wheresoever situate I give & bequeath the same and every part thereof unto Vashti Jeffery the widow of Thomas Jeffery who was killed at the Battle of Waterloo, Eliza Jeffery, commonly called Eliza Scates, Sophia Jeffery, commonly called Sophia Scates, Ellen Jeffery, commonly called Ellen Scates and my legitimate daughter Elizabeth Scates their respective heirs, executors, administrators and assigns to be equally divided between them and as there may be some doubt whether my said daughter Elizabeth can be found I desire my Executrix hereinafter named to advertise 3 times in card of the 3 best

public papers for the said Elizth. Scates, but should she not be found within 1 year after my decease then I

give and bequeath her share of my property unto the said Vashti Jeffery, Eliza Jeffery commonly called Eliza Scates, Sophia Jeffery commonly called Sophia Scates, and Ellen Jeffery commonly called Ellen Scates, their respective heirs, Executors, Administrators, and Assigns to be equally divided between them and as I have worked very hard for the little I have left I hope that my said several legatees will all make the best use of it and I hereby appoint the said Vashti Jeffery sole Executrix of this my Will and hereby revoking all Wills by me at any time heretofore made. I declare this only to be my last Will and Testament In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this thirtieth day of August A.D.1850.-Joseph Scates - signed by the above named Joseph Scates in the presence of us both present at the same time and we in his presence at his request & in the presence of each other have hereunto subscribed our names as Witnesses - John Thomas Wilkins 6 vj Grays Place Brompton – Thomas Hatchett of No.1, Holles Place Chelsea

PROVED at London 25th August 1855 before the Worshipful Frederick Thomas Scott doctor of Laws and Surrogate by the oath of Vashti Jeffery, Widow the sole Executrix to whom Admin was granted having been first sworn duly to Administrate

121 Ledger entry of the Will held in TNO:PRO prob 11/2218 image ref. 263

vi. Transcriptions of Newspaper Illustrations

Unfortunately the reproduction of the newspaper illustrations (taken from microfilm stock) hasn’t been as clear as I would have liked and so to make them easier to understand I have transcribed them, as follows:-

Illustration 3. Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette: November 21st 1851

Joseph Scates (late of 32, New Bond Street, London)Professor of Music and Music Seller, High Street,Doncaster, and is now prepared to offer the Public anentire NEW STOCK of MUSICAL WORKS,Piano-fortes by Collard, Allison, and other eminentLondon Makers, Concertinas, Harmoniums, Accordeons,Flutinas, English and Foreign Strings, and every itemconnected with Music, at Reduced Prices.Instruments Hired, Tuned, and Repaired in any partof the country. The new “PIANO-FORTE for the MILLION” 6 ¾Octaves, Rosewood or Zebra, price 22guineas,warranted.High street, Doncaster

Illustration 4. Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette: May 7th 1852

MR JOSEPH SCATES,(Late of London, and successor to Mr. J.W.Milne)Begs to announce to the Nobility and Gentry andInhabitants of Doncaster that a VOCAL andINSTRUMENTAL CONCERT will take placeat the Guild-Hall, Doncaster, on next Thursdayevening, May the 13th, for which he has securedthe services of the eminent vocalists, Mrs. AlexanderNewton and Mrs. Henry Smith, of the principal London Concerts. Concertinas - Mr. and Mrs. Scates.Accompanist - Mr. Scates. The concert will commence at Eight o’clock.Reserved Seats, numbered, 3s. each, Tickets, 2s.and 1s. each, to be had at Mr. Scates’s MusicalRepository, High street; of Messrs Brooke,Gazette office; Mr Hartley; and Mr. White,Baxter-gate.

Illustration 5 Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette: June 18th 1852

GUILD-HALL, FOR TWO NIGHTS,TUESDAY, June 22nd and WEDNESDAY, June 23.rd

The Musical Genius “Marie,” only 9 years of agethe acknowledged WONDER OF THE DAY. as Pianist,Singer, and Actress, assisted by her Sister MISSJAMES, will give her Musical, Serio-Comic ENTERTAINMENT, entitled “MAY & DECEMBER.” Between the Parts, Mr.SCATES will perform uponthe Royal Harmonium, also a Solo on the Concertina. Tickets to be had at Mr. Scates’s Music Warehouse,High Street. Reserved Seats, 2s.; Second ditto, 1s. 6d.;Promenade, 1s. To commence at 8 o’clock.

Illustration 6. Doncaster, Nottingham and Lincoln Gazette: September 3rd 1852

Mr. Scates begs to announce that he has disposed of his Business in favour of Mr. John Marsh, junior(late Tuner at Messrs. Broadwood and Son’s).From his experience in that eminent House, alsoas Tuner for Five Years with his Father (Mr. Marsh,Piano-forte Dealer, York), Mr Scates has everyconfidence in recommending him as the successor to hisconnexion. High street, Doncaster, August, 1852. ----------------------------------------------------LONDON, PIANO-FORTE & MUSIC WAREHOUSE HIGH STREET, DONCASTER. (LATE J.SCATES)JOHN MARSH (Tuner of Piano-fortes from Messrs.Broadwood’s, London) begs most respectfully to inform the Nobility, Gentry, and Inhabitants of Doncasterand its vicinity, that he has purchased the Business andStock of Mr. SCATES, Music Seller, (High street, Doncaster),which Business J.M. intends carrying on in all its branches,with a great addition of PIANO-FORTES, selected fromthe first houses in London (viz. Broadwood and Sons, Collardand Collard, Ennever and Steedman, &c. &c.) which will be offered at the lowest possible prices that good instrumentscan be sold for. J.M. having a thorough practical knowledgeof Tuning and Repairing Piano-fortes, begs to assure thoseparties who may patronise him, their orders will be executedin a manner to give satisfaction. J.M. having been engaged for the last five years as a Tuner to his Father (J.Marsh, of York),on whose account he has Tuned for some of the first Familiesin the county. Piano-Fortes Tuned, Repaired, Lent on Hire, and taken in Exchange. N.B. The Old Stock will be sold off at a very great reductionto make room for a new one.