A REVIEW ON ‘’USE OF BIODIESEL IN I.C.

ENGINE”

Submitted to- Submitted by-

Mr.Hari Singh SAGAR PACHAURI SGVU091113227

INTRODUCTION

Today, Automobile industries are focusing

on global warming and saving non-

renewable sources.

Bio diesel is one of the best solution of above mentioned

problems.

Since it is a renewable energy, produce less emission

and it is successfully implemented on existing systems

(cars).

What is Biodiesel?

Biodiesel: An low-emissions, high lubricating alternative diesel

fuel produced from veg.oil / animal fats Non-toxic, Biodegradable Can be combined at any level with petroleum diesel to

fuel diesel engines.

Oil or Fat Alcohol

Soyabean Methanol(common)

Corn Ethanol

Canola

Cottonseed Catalyst

Sunflower Sodium hydroxide

Beef tallow Potassium hydroxide

Used Cooking Oil

Biodiesel Raw Materials

Transesterification

Convert “3-headed” Oils into Hydrocarbons chains similar to petroleum diesel…

Veg. Oil (soya oil), Three fatty acid chains attached to glycerol.

Cetane – typical of petro-diesel

+

Methanol3(CH3OH)

=

Typical “Biodiesel”Methyl-Ester

+

Byproduct: Glycerol aka Glycerine

Biodiesel Blends

B2

B5

B10

B20

B100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100

Biodiesel Petroleum diesel

B100 = 100% biodiesel

B20 = 20% biodiesel + 80% petroleum dieselB10 = 10% biodiesel + 90% petroleum dieselB5 = 5% biodiesel + 95% petroleum dieselB2 = 2% biodiesel + 98% petroleum diesel

High Cetane no. (avg. over 50)

High Lubricity, even in blends as low at 1-2%

High Energy Balance (3.2 to 1)

Low Agriculture Inputs: Soybeans

78% Life Cycle CO2 Reduction

Renewable, Sustainable

Domestically Produced

Reduces HC, PM, CO in existing diesel engines

Reduces NOx in boilers and home heating

Biodiesel Attributes

ADVANTAGES

Bio diesel is environmental friendly. It can help reduce dependency on foreign oil. It helps to lubricate the engine itself, decreasing engine

wear. It offers similar power to diesel fuel. It is safer than conventional diesel. It can be made from waste products.It can be made at home easily.

Its storage for long period is not suitable for engine operation.

It becomes gel in cold weather.It has water content. (Hygroscopic)It degrades rubber.It has higher (10%) Nox emissions.It decreases horsepower. (25%)

DISADVANTAGES

Relative Greenhouse Gas Emissions

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Gasoline

CNG

LPG

Diesel

Ethanol 85%

B20

Diesel Hybrid

Electric

B100B100 = 100% BiodieselB20 = 20% BD + 80% PD

REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS

Effect of biodiesel on engine performancePower performance:-

Contents of Biodiesel Fuel P.P.

• B-100 (Due to lower heating value)• B-20 • B-0 100%

Properties of Biodiesel P.P.• Heating Value • Viscosity• Lubricity

TESTING AND PERFORMANCE

Durability Performance:- Fuel Durability• B-100 (It is reactive in nature) • B-20• B-0 100%

Economy Performance:-• In order to compensate loss of heating value more amount of

biodiesel fuel consumption takes place.• The difference in fuel consumption of diesel & pure BD was 18.5% in

mass & was reduced to 13.5% by volume because of higher density of BD.

ECONOMIC BENEFITS

Biodiesel is least-cost-strategy to comply with state and federal regulations.

Use of biodiesel does not require major engine modifications. The only thing that changes is air quality.

Biodiesel has positive attributes such as increased cetane, high fuel lubricity & high oxygen content.

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

Biodiesel contains fewer aromatic hydrocarbon: benzofluoranthene: 56 % reduction; Benzopyrenes: 71 % reduction .

Biodiesel reduces emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) by approximately 50 % and carbon dioxide by 78 % on a net lifecycle basis.

Biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic posing no threat to human health.

Biodiesel reduces by as much as 65 % the emission of small particles of solid combustion products.

Biodiesel has higher cetane rating than petro diesel .

EMISSIONS

The use of biodiesel in a conventional diesel engine results in substantial reduction of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter compared to emissions from diesel fuel.

The ozone (smog) forming potentials of hydrocarbons is less than diesel fuel.

Sulfur emissions are essentially eliminated with pure biodiesel .

Parameter will studied :-• Different vegetable oils used as fuel in C.I.Engine.

Required equipment's:-• Engine test ring• Gas analyzer• Temp indicator• Techo meter• Pressure sensors• Computer

To calculate:-• Brake Thermal Efficiency • Brake specific fuel consumption• Thermal efficiency• Mechanical efficiency

Mtech Thesis Possible

Graboski MS,McCormick RL. Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines.

Lapuerta M, Armas O, Rodriguez-Fernandez J. Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions.

Basha SA, Raja Gopal K, Jebaraj S. A review on biodiesel production, combustion, emissions and performance.

Aydin H, Bayindir H. Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine.

Hazar H. Effects of biodiesel on a low heat loss diesel engine. Andree, A. & Pachernegg, S.J. (1969) Ignition conditions in diesel

engines. Society of Automotive Engineering TransactionBabu, A.K. & Devaradjane, G. (2003) Vegetable oils and their

derivatives as fuels for CI engine

REFRENCES

ANY QUERIES ??

THANK YOU