a sasanian hoard from hilla / by a.d.h. bivar

8/9/2019 A Sasanian hoard from Hilla / by A.D.H. Bivar

1/26

THE NUMISMATIC

CHRONICLE

AND

JOURNAL

OF THE

ROYAL

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY

Edited

by

JOHN

WALKER

C.B.E.

.A.

.HTT. .B.A.

.S.A.

Keeperf

CoinsBritish useum

E. S. G. ROBINSON

C.B.E.

.A. .LITT.

.B.A.

.S.A.

and

C. H. V. SUTHERLAND

M.A.

.LITT.

.S.A.

Keeper

f

CoinsAshmoleanuseum

SEVENTH

ERIES

Volume

II

LONDON

THE

ROYAL NUMISMATIC

SOCIETY

1963

This content downloaded from 83.85.134.3 on Sun, 17 May 2015 17:05:09 UTCAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions


2/26


3/26

A

SASANIAN

HOARD

FROM

HILLA

By

A.

D.

H.

BIVAR

[SEE

PLATES

VI,

XVll]

THE FIND

The hoard of Sasanian coins

described

n

the

present

ote has been

preserved

or

ecordinghrough

heefforts

f

Mr.

John

Hansman of

theKhuzistan

evelopment

ervice,

nsouthernran.The coinswere

Fig.1.

purchased

by

him

their ondition

eing

then

extremely ragile1

from n

Iraqi

dealer

who

stated hat

they

had

been

found t

Hilla,

which s the

modern own

lose

to the

ite

f ncient

abylon,

n

raq.

It

goes

without

aying

hat heunverified

tatements

fvendors re to

be received

with

aution.

n

the

present

ase, however,

he

contents

of

the

find

n

no

way

contradicthis tatement.

oreover here eems

to be

no

possible

motive

or

prevarication,

nd the

vendor's

ccount

need

not be

regarded

s

untrustworthy.

1

Few f he oins ereegiblehenirsteen. leaningf large artf he oardwas ndertakent he

nstitute^of

rchaeologynderheupervisionfMr.H. W.M.

Hodges;

nother

ortion

as

leaned

y

Mr.K. A.

Howes,

t

the

epartment

f

Coins

nd

Medals,

ritish useum.



4/26

158 A. D. H. BIVAR

It enhances he nterest f the find hat he date of

deposit

an be

very

losely

fixed,

nd also

that

the coins

were

recovered

omplete

with heir

riginal

ontainer,

he

mall

glazed

ar,

unbroken nd com-

plete

with

id,

illustratedn

figs.

1 and 2.1

Closely

dated Sasanian

Fig.2.

pottery

s

decidedly

are,

nd

so

it is

hoped

that

publication

f

this

example

may

be

helpful

o

excavators

oncerned

with uch

material.

I

am

grateful

o

the

owner,

Mr.

Hansman,

for

ntrusting

e

with he

publication

f

the

find;

nd

to

Dr. John

Walker,

f

the

Department

of

Coins

and

Medals

at the

British

Museum,

not

only

for

effecting

our

introduction,

ut also

for

his

advice on

many

points

of

method

and

reading uring

my

examination f

the

coins.

All

of

the coins

are

silver

rachmae,

nd

with ne

exception

hey

are issues oftheSasaniandynasty f ran.The exception elongs o

1

For

he

rawing

am

bliged

o

Dr.

F.

R.

Allchin.



5/26

A SASANIAN HOARD FROM HILLA 159

one of the

Hephthalite

rinces

f

eastern

ran,

a ruler etter nown

forhis coin

series

f

east ranian

fabric,

f

which

pecimens

re

very

common.1

His characteristicrown s

surmounted

y

the

effigy

f

a water-buffalo's

ead,

and his

name,

egible

on

the

eastern

eries

but

wanting

n

the

present xample,

s

given

n

Pahlavi

script

s

Npky

MLK'

The

correspondence

f

his

name

with hose f

Hephtha-

lite rulers

knownfrom

historical ources2 nd its

owner's

historical

role are still arfrom

lear. The

present

ind

helps,

none

the

ess,

to

reinforcehe belief hatNpkyMLK

'

was one of theHephthalite

princes;

hat s to

say,

a

rulerof that

group

of

Huns

dominant n

eastern

ran

during

he

period

of

theSasanian

kings

eroz

a.D.

457-

84),

Balash

a.D.

484-8),

and Kavadh I

(a.D.

488-531).

Now

coins

of

Npky

MLK

'

in

the Sasanian fabric

as

opposed

to the

entirely

if-

ferent abric characteristic

f

Afghanistan)

re

decidedly

carce.

Therefore,

lthough

he

present

pecimen

earsno

legible

esignation

of

mint,

t

s a

welcome ddition o

the

canty

material

n

this

ruler.

Apart

from his solated

non-Sasanian

oin,

the

hoard

represents

the

Sasanian

rulers

eroz,

Kavadh

I,

Khosrau

I,

and

Hormizd

V

(a.D. 579-90).There s onlya single ertain ieceofthis astruler,

no.

60,

and it bears the

regnal

date HDY

'(Year)

one'.

Being

with

one

possibleexception

he

atest

oin

in

the

hoard,

t

demonstrates

neatly nough

hatthe

deposit

was

put

away

very hortly

fter

he

first

ear

of Hormizd

V,

i.e. A.D.

579. No. 61 is

possibly,

f

not

quite

certainly, piece

of

the

same ruler's

fourth

ear,

A.D.

583.

If

this

attribution

s

accepted,

t

provides

he

earliest

ossible

date for

the

deposit.

One

of

the hief

roblems

f the

ater

asanian

coinage,

nd

one

to

which he

present

ote

mustdevote ome

space,

s the

dentification

ofthemint-monogramshich he coins bear on the

right-hand

ide

of the

reverse. hese

monograms

epresent

he

names of

mint-cities

in

abbreviated

orm,

ut their

nterpretation

s

not

always

traight-

forward,

espite

he

contributionso

their

understanding

ade

by

a number

f writers.3

t

is a

criterion f

correct

nterpretation

f

1

Cf.

A.

Cunningham,

Coins

f heater

ndo-Scythians',

C

1894,

67:

l.XII,

.

2

It s

possible

o onstructhe

ollowing

rovisionalynastic

able

Toramana

Mihirakula

Rajatarangini

,

293)

Khingila

arendradityaRajatarangini,

,

346)

Lakhanadayadityabutalled arendradityanRajataranginiii, 83)Purvaditya

3

A. D.

Mordtmann,

Erklärung

er

Münzen

it

ehlevi-Legenden

ZDMG

viii,

1854, -209; ii, 858, -57; ix,

865,

73-496nd

Nachtrag

679,

was

he

ioneer



6/26

160 A. D. H. BIVAR

the

monograms

hattheir

ecipherment

hould result n

the actual

Sasanian

names

of cities

existing

n

the

period

citiesof

sufficient

consequence

dministratively

o

possess

mints,

uch s

headquarters

towns of

province

nd kūra

Many

of

the fanciful

nterpretations

which nce

held the field re thus

uled

out. The careful

ublication

of

a

range

of hoards

of

established

rigin

will

help

to

extend he

number

f

confirmed

nterpretations,

ince n

anypart

f

he

asanian

empire

he

issues of

important

ocal

mints hould

naturally

endto

predominate. omparativelyewSasanianhoards have infactbeen

recorded

p

to

the

present

ime.1

or

thisreason

he

present

ontri-

bution

s to some

extent

xploratory.

s

material

s

accumulated,

and the

igsaw

begins

to take

shape,

the

location

of

the

obscurer

mints

will tend

to be

clarified,

nd more

extensive

onclusions

an

be

expected

o

emerge.

One

of

the

problems

n

cataloguing

find f

Sasanian coins

s

to

devise

systematic

equence

of

the mints. ince

neither he

reading

of

the

mint-monograms

or

their

dentifications

generally

greed,

t

is not

possible

o

lay

down

a

definitive

lphabetical

r

geographical

arrangement.he onlyescape from hisdifficultys to follow he

procedure

sed

in

the

study

f

Book-Pahlavi;

to

arrange

he

mono-

grams

n the

order

f

theSemitic

lphabet,

ut

so

that,

where wo or

more

of the

original

emitic

haracters

re

represented

y

the

same

Pahlavi

etter-form,

his

mbiguous

orm

s

placed

under

he

first f

its

possible

values.

The

resulting

lphabetical

order,

used in

the

catalogue

below,

approximates

o

that

of

H. S.

Nyberg

n

the

Glossary

o

his

Hilfsbuch

es Pehìevi.

However,

ince

the

numismatic

attempt.

.

D.

J.

Paruck,

asanian oins

Bombay

924,

ave

complete

ut

not

always

ritical

urvey

f

eadingsp

ohis ime.

.

Herzfeld,

Notes n

he

chaemenid

coinagend omeasanian int-names',INC 936413-26,irsttilizedhevidence

of he

asanian

ullae.everalewdentificationsade

y

J.

Walker,

Catalogue

f

the

Muhammadan

oins

n he ritish

useum

Arab-Sassanian

oins

apply

qually

to he

asanian

eries.

lfred

.

Bellinger,

A

Note n he asanian

int

onograms',

Numismatic

eview

946,8,

ontributed

n

mportant

dentification,

urther

iscussed

on

p.

165 elow.

.

Gobi,

Aufbauer

Münzprägungen'

n

Franz

ltheimnd

Ruth

Stiehl,

in

siatischer

taat

Wiesbaden,954,

1-128,

ontributed

handy

urvey

f

the

ubject,

ut is reatment

f he

mint-monograms

snot

lways

p

odate. ee

lso

the

ame

riter's

ie

Münzener asanidenm

Königlichenünzkabinett

aag

The

Hague

962.

1

One f

he est

nown,

hatf

epe

Marinjan,

oes

ot aisehe

uestion

fmint-

monograms

R.

Curiel,

Le

Trésore

TepeMaranjan',

nR.

Curielnd

D.

Schlum-

berger,

résors

onétaires

Afghanistan,

953,

03-30).

hoard f

very

imilar

composition

othat

onsideredere

as

isted

y

Mrs.Malikzādeh

ayânî,

Tafoqïq

dar âreh-yiado

bist nuh

ikkeh-yi

āsānī'

Majalleh-yiāstānshināsī

ii

and v,Tehrān,338,7-32. oundn he icinityf ârï,Mazandaränrovince,t s nterest-

ing

ince

t

ontains

oins

fmint-marks

M

for

mul)

ndGW

Gurgān),

ot

resent

in

our

wn

more

esterly

ind.



7/26


Pahlavi

of our

period

generally

istinguishes

u

(alep)

from

v

(het),

the atter

s here allowed to retain ts normal

place

in the orderof

the Semitic

lphabet.

t now seems

customary

o transliterate

int-

monograms

n

capitals, practice

therwise

eserved or

he

Aramaic

ideograms

n

the ransliteration

f

Pahlavi.

Although nly

ne

of

the

monograms

s

actually

n Aramaic

deogram,

he

monograms ar-

take

of

the nature

f

ideograms,

nd I

have

therefore ollowed

he

practice

f

representing

hem

by capitals.

MINT NOTES1

I

Proposed

reading:

B

Proposed

dentification: barshahr

Catalogue

no.

7.

Abarshahr

n

Khorasan,

the

city

now

known s

Nishapur,

s the

traditional

nterpretation

f

this

monogram,

nd

seems

unobjection-

able.2 t would

be

possible

to

read

Y,

but

Erān-Khurra-Shāpūr

s

already

accounted

for at IV below. It

might

be

possible

to

bring

Erān-āsān-kard-Kavādhnto thereckoning,3nd therewere ndeed

other

Sasanian names

beginning

imilarly.4

ut

stronger

vidence

would

be needed

to

displace

a

recognized

mint,

ven

though

ts

situation

s rather emote.

II

U

Proposed

reading:

W

Proposed

dentification:Hormizd-Ardashir

Ahvaz)

Catalogue

nos.

8, 9,

and 10.

This

monogram

s

sometimes aken

as a

variant

f

Uli

('RT),

confidentlyttributableo Ardashir-Khurranow Firuzabad) in

Fars. At the

ame

time,

pparently ointless

ariations

n

the

mono-

gram

f a

single

mint

re not

very cceptable,

nd other

ossibilities

are worth

onsidering.

he

letters ould

be

read

W,

which orm he

initial

etters

f the

word

whlmzdy

Ohrmizd),

nd could thus

repre-

sent

place-name

eginning

ith

his lement.

n the

context

f

the

present

hoard

representation

y

as

many

as three

oins would be

feasible

or

Hormizd-Ardashir

nearby

usa

has

four),

ut there

re

variousother

possibilities.

1

Definitely

oubtfulttributions

re

marked

ithn

sterisk

*).*Paruck,asanianoins130.Gobi,Aufbau',5.

8

Herzfeld,

Achaemenid

oinage

nd

asanian

int-names',

20.

4

Sevenre isted

y

J.

Marquart,

rānšahr

330,

withome

ossibleuplication.

C

1987

M



8/26

162 A. D. H. BIVAR

III

bX'

Proposed

reading:

RT

Proposed

dentification

Ardashir-Khurra

Catalogue

no. 11.

The

monogram

s

traditionally,

nd

no doubt

rightly,

ttributedo

the well-known

istrict

n

Fars,

the

headquarters

ity

of whichwas

known s

Gūr and

subsequently

iruzabad.

IV

"


9/26


Anotherdifficult

onogram,

n

respect

of

which t is hard to

support

Gobi's identificationith

Banjihir

Panjshlr

n

Afghanistan).

This

place

was

not

certainly

nderSasanian

control

n

the

period

of

Khosrau

I;

and is

excessively

emote

from

our

find-spot.

f the

characters

re

correctly

ead

BN,

this

tends

o

suggest

place-name

occurring

n

theKarnamak1

s

KXo

1

j

which llows

of

the

reading

Brťt

rthšyr

and

coincides

atisfactorily

ith ur mono-

gram.Unfortunately

he evidence

or

this

place2

s

still

nadequate.

Apparently

t

lay

in the PersianGulf area, and was

perhaps

the

headquarters

f

the

Sasanian

province

n

Qatîf,

n

the

Arabian hore.

An

identification

s not

justified

n

the

absence of

confirmatory

evidence.

VIII

Reading:

*GB

Identification:

ncertain

Catalogue

nos.

22,

23, 24,

25.

This

mint-monogram

s

traditionally

ead as

ZR,

and

attributed

toZaranj nSegistan.3hepresentwriter eels he trongestoubtof

the

existence

f

any

basis

for

either he

reading

r

the

attribution.

The first

haracter eems

ndisputably

,

and

could

only

be takenfor

Z if a

corruption

s assumed.

A

mint

known

from

he reformed

Umayyad

urrency,

f which he Sasanian

equivalent

as

not

so far

been

recognized,

s

Jay,

he

twin

ity

of

Isfahan.4

One

possibility

s

that

the

presentmonogram

might

upply

his

name.

However,

he

number

f

coins seems o

be too

large

o

represent

mint

o

remote

from

ur

alleged

find-spot

t

Hilla,

an

argument

hich

pplies

ll

the

more,of course,to Zaranj. The questionshouldthereforee left

open

pending

urther

vidence.

IX

-Jtf

Reading:

D'

Identification

Dārābgird

in Fars)

Catalogue

nos.

26

and

27.

Anotherwell-establisheddentification.

1

Kârnâmak-î

rtakhshîr-î

âpakân

ed.

Nosherwân,

ombay,896),

4,

ection6.

2

Assembled

y

.

Marquart,

rānšahr

42,

who esolveshe

orrupt

orms

iven

y

Tabari

ndHamza s

i

^

Ļr*.8e.g. aruck,asanianoins190;Gobi,Aufbau',3.

4

There

s,

however,

nother

ombinationf ettershich

ould

qually

epresent

Jay,

ee

elow,

.

167.



10/26


11/26


XII

c

Reading:

WH,

WYH

Identification:

eh-Ardashir

Catalogue

nos.

30, 31,

32,

33/34,

5,

36,

37.

The statistical

redominance

f

this

monogram

if

ndeed

he two

forms

epresent

singlemint)

s a common

feature

n

finds

rom

Mesopotamia.

t

provides strong

onfirmation

f

the dentification

made

by

A. R.

Bellinger

n

1946.1

hat

s

to

say,

hemint

epresented

is oneof those onnectedwith heSasaniancapitalofCtesiphon.As

in

Parthian

imes,

he

ity's

hief

mint ould have stood

n

theformer

city

f

Seleucia

on

thewest

bank

of

the

river,

district

nown

o the

Sasanians

as

Veh-Ardashir. lso

in

favour of

this

theory

s

the

prominence

f this

monogram

n

Sasanian

gold,

whichwould ssue

largely

rom he

capital.

Yet it is

worthy

f

remark

f

two

distinct

outlines hould

represent

single

mint;

and this

calls for

further

study.

Note must e

taken

n

the

one

hand

of

Gobi's

suggestion

hat

the horter

orm f

the

monogram

epresents

he Sasanian

capital

of

Khuzistan,Belabad/Jundai-Shapur,pelt n Middle PersianWhy-'

ndywk-Šhypwhry

2 On the other

hand,

alternative

pellings

f

the

name

of

Veh-Ardashirwere

certainly

urrent,

.g.

the variants

Wyh-lthštr

nd

Wh-lthštr

n

bullae

reproduced y Maricq.3

Each

form

f

the

monogram

ould

represent

ne

of

these

pellings.

urther

hoard evidence

will

be

required

before

he identificationf these

monograms

an be

finalized.

XIII

Reading:

WLC

Proposed dentificationGeorgia

Catalogue

no.

38.

This abbreviation

ppears

to

represent

he Sasanian

name

for

he

province

f

Georgia

n

the Caucasus

region,

f

which he Pahlavi

inscriptions

ow attest the full

spelling

Wlwc'n,

nd the

Greek

equivalent

Ißrjpi

.4

The name and

situation f the

provincial

apital

seem

o be unattested

or

he asanian

period,

utunder he

Umayyad

1

Alfred

.

Bellinger,

A

Note n

Sasanian

int-monograms',

umismatic

eview

1946,

8.

2

4

Aufbau',

5.

For he

MP

pelling

ee

M.

Sprengling,hirdentury

ran

12, ndpl.21.

3

'Vologesias,

'emporium

e

Ctésiphon',yria

xxvi,

959,

67-8.

4

Cf.

M.

Sprengling,

hird

entury

ran

12, .30;

7,

.12.

bid.

,

1.2 nd

,

1.25



12/26

166 A. D. H. BIVAR

caliphate

he

mint-city

as Tiflīs.1 he remote

ituation

f

this

mint

from

ur

find-spot

t Hilla

agrees

well

with he

circumstance

f

its

beingrepresented

nlyby

a

single

oin.

XIV

iuiá

Reading:

L'M

Identification: am-Hormizd

Catalogue

no. 39.

AlthoughRam-Ardashir, r any othercityname commencing

with he same

element,

would

present

heoretical

lternatives,

here

is

little

doubt that

Ram-Hormizd n

southern huzistan

s

the

best

choicefor his

monogram.

his

town

has

retained

ts Sasanian name

downto

the

present ay

as

Rām Hormuz. t was the

headquarters

f

a kūra administrative

istrict',

nder he

Arabs,

nd

no

doubtalso

previously

nder he Sasanians.

XV

**£ Proposedreading:*LG

Interpretation

Uncertain

Catalogue

no. 53.

This

may

be no morethan a blundered ersion

f

the

succeeding

monogram,

ut the die is so

sharply ngraved

hat t seems

best to

list t as

a

separate

tem,

n

case other

xamples ventually

ome

to

light.

XVI

v

A 3^ Reading:

LD

Interpretation

Ray (in

eastern

Media)

Catalogue

nos.

40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45,

possibly

3.

The attribution

f

these

monograms

s due to

Herzfeld.2

y

some

writers

he two

forms re

regarded

s

graphic

variants.The full

Sasanian

spelling

or

his

ity

s

Ldy?

Some

notemustbe taken

f

the

possibility

hat

he second

form

may

represent

distinct

mint,

ince

give

he arthian

rthography,

yršrt.

heGreek

ccurs

t

p.

73,

.3.

obi,

Aufbau',

93,

id

not ocalize

his

mint,

ut

ays

unsicher,

ermutlich

mN

oder des

Reichs'.

1

Cf.BMCM

i

Arab-yzantine

nd

ost-reform

maiyad

oins),

xxvi.

2

C. G.

Miles,

Numismatic

istoryfRayyAmerican

umismatic

ociety:

Numismatictudieso. ) 1-4, iveshe ull istoryf he ecipherment.8

Attestedn

coins,

.g.

aruck,

asanian

oins

pl.

v,

no.

129;

lso

drachma

f

Hormizd

I

in

my ersonal

ollection.



13/26


it could

stand

equally

for

Gdy

a

Sasanian

spelling

f

the

city-name

Jay

ttested

n the Pahlavi

nscriptions.1

f two

mintswere nvolved

this

might elp

to

explain

he

unusually arge

number

f coins n this

group.

On the other

hand

the

heavy preponderance

f

coins

of

Madīnat al-Salām

Bagdad)

and

al-Muhammadīya

Ray)

in finds

f

the Abbāsid

period

ould

well

represent

n

economic

attern

arried

down

from

asanian

times,

when he

dominantmints

may

have

been

Veh-Ardashirnd

Ray.

It seems

best,

therefore,

or

the

present

o

place the two forms ogether,husfollowingheexampleofMiles;

and at the ame time o bear n mind

he

possibility

hat wo distinct

mints

may

be here nvolved.

XVII

Hi

Proposed

reading:

*LYN

Proposed

dentification: ncertain

Catalogue

no. 46.

This s a

monogram

which,

hough

oorly

truck n

this

pecimen,

seems o

coincide withone

well

represented

n

finds rom

northern

Iraq that s tosay, nthevicinityfKirkuk ndArbil.Bothreading

and

interpretation

re,

however,

till

extremely

ncertain,

nd evi-

dence for he Sasanian

city-names

f

this rea

is

rather

canty.

he

elucidation

f this

monogram

must

herefore

wait

a

further

ind.

XVIII

Reading:

ML

Identification: arv

Catalogue

no.

47.

Though

MY for

Mys'n

Mēshān)

has

been

suggested

s a

possible

alternative,hemost atisfactorydentificationor hismonograms

thatwith

Marv,

n

Khurasan.2

nce

more,

he

remote

ituation

f

the

proposed

mint

s

in

keeping

with ts

representation

y

only

single

coin.

XIX

1a>

Reading:

SK

Identification:

rovince f

Segistān/Sīstān,

o

doubt

often

representing

he

provincial

apital

of

Zaranj.

Catalogue

no.

48.

1

M.

Sprengling,p.

it.

.

12,

.33.

2A fullerorm fthis ahlavimonogramppearsnUmayyadirhamsf

Marv f

the eformed

eries,

f.

MCM i Arab-

yzantine

nd

ost-reform

maiyad

coins),

79.



14/26

168 A. D. H. BIVAR

The

attribution

s

due to Walker.1t

is

confirmed

y

a drachma

f

Bahram I in

the

Paruck

Collection

at

Delhi,2

which

expands

the

abbreviationo

Skstn,

s also do

drachmae

f

Shapur

I

published

y

the ate J.

M. Unvala.3 As

often,

he

only

outstanding

ssue s the

precise

ituation f

the

mint-city

ithin

he

province.

XX

pfcàJ

Reading:

ST

IdentificationIstakhrin Fars)

Catalogue

nos.

49,

50.

The correct

dentification

as

proposed

many years

ago by

Olshausen,4

nd

has met

with

general cceptance.

XXI

Proposed

reading:

PL

Proposed

dentification

Furāt-Maisān

-Mēshān)

Cataloguenos. 51,52.

The

attribution

s that

of

Herzfeld,5

o

correspond

with

l-Furāt,

which

ppears

on

coins

of

the

reformed

mayyad

eries. t

is

perhaps

not

quite

ertain hat

heSasanian

monogram

eferso

the ame

mint

but the

suggestion

s not

acking

n

probability.

TABLE SHOWING DISTRIBUTION

BY

PROVINCES

Note

Conjectural

ttributionsre marked

ith

n asterisk

*)

Province Mint Catalogueos.

Asuristan

Veh-Ardashir

*30,

31,

32,

3,

4,

5,

36,

7.

Khuzistan

HWC,

erhapselabad/

28,

9.

Jundai-Shapur

*Hormizd-Ardashir

8,9,

10

Susa/Eran-Khurra-Shapur

2,

3,

4,

5

RamHormizd

39

Mēshān

*Furāt-Mēshān

51,

2

1

BMC

M (Arab-Sassanian

oins),

xxix.

a

F.

D.

J.

Paruck,

Observationsur

inq

monnaies

assanides',

N

1936,

1-86.

8 Some are asanianndArab-Sasanianoins', C1957,47-50.4

'Auszüge

usBriefenes

Dr.

Mordtmann',

DMG

i,1848,

15.

6

4

Achaemenid

oinage

nd

asanian

int-names',

INC 936425.



15/26


Province

Mint

Catalogue

os.

Media

Ray

40,

1

42,

3,

4, 5,

*53

Hamadan

16,

7

♦Dinavar 3

(see

lso

*GB

below)

Fars

Bishapur

18, 9, 0,

0

Istakhr

5,

49,

50

Darabgird

26,

7

Ardashir-Khurra

1

Khurasan Marv

47

*Abarshahr 7

Sistan

SK(stn)

resumably

epresent-

8

ing rovincialapital,aranj

Georgia

WLC,

presumably

epresent-

8

ing

he

rovincialapital

Uncertainrovinces

BN

21,

perhaps

5

*GB

22,

3,

4,

5

*LG

53

♦LYN

46

STATISTICALAND GENERALCONCLUSIONS

It

will

be seenthat hemintwhich

ccounts

for

he

argest

umber

of

pieces

n

the

hoard

s the

metropolitan

int

f

Veh-Ardashir,

ith

eight pecimens.

f

thehoard came

n

fact

from

Hilla,

as

stated,

his

is

entirely

s

we

should

xpect.

he

next

argest

roup

s

that

f

Ray.

There s some

doubt

here,

ince

variant

orm f the

monogram

o

attributed

may

actually

elong

to

Jay

Isfahan). Ray

was,however,

an

important

conomic

entre

n

the Abbāsid

period,

nd its

pro-

minence lso in

the ime

f

Khosrau is understandable

nough.

The

uncertainminthereread as *GB is representedyno less thanfour

coins.

n view

of the

distance,

t

is

scarcely

redible hatthe tradi-

tional' identificationf

this

monogram

with

Zaranj

in

Slstān an be

correct.

his viewwas

already

uspect

n

epigraphic rounds,

ut

t

is

not

easy

to

replace

t with

he

correct

dentification.usa is also

represented

y

four

coins,

a

number

mphasizing

he commercial

importance

f

that

ity

ven t

so

late a date.

t

was

never,ndeed,

he

Sasanian administrative

apital

of

Khuzistan,

perhaps

owing

to

a

tradition

f

separatism

hich

ong prevailed mongst

ts

population,

but t seems o have been

a

prolific

mint.

Bishapur

s

likewise

epre-sented yfour oins, nd thepossible*Hormizd-Ardashirythree,

as is

also Istakhr.

ince

thefirst

as

a

provincial

eadquarters

n

this



16/26

170 A. D. H. BIVAR

period,

nd also

the closest

own n

Fars,

its

prominence

s

under-

standable.

Uncertainties

urrounding

he econd

place

exclude

t

from

discussion. stakhr

was

of

course one of the

greatest

ities

of

Fars,

a

province

which an be

seento have

played

prominent

art

n

the

supply

f

coinage

to

the Sasanian

empire.

The more

weaklyrepresented

mints

ndicate,

or the

most

part,

either

emote

ities,

r

some

of

theminor

ommercial

entres.

n each

case

the

distribution

ppears

o confirm

he orrectness

f

the

lleged

find-spot,

ince

a strong mpression

s

conveyedthat

the

coins

were

put away

at a

point

close to the intersectionf two

great

routes,

he one

leading

from

Ctesiphon

via Hamadan and

Ray

to

Khurasan,

while the second

ran once more from

Ctesiphon

via

the

cities

of Khuzistan o

Fars and Sīstān. The

appearance

of the

monogram

f

Georgia,

pparently

omewhat

are,

s

an

interesting

feature.

More

elaborate

tatistical onclusions

an

hardly

e

drawn

from

the

distributionf

monograms

n

a

single

hoard of

modest

ize. t

is,

however,

hen

substantial umber f

such

hoards re recorded

nd

published hat heobscurermonograms an be expected o fall nto

place.

A

difficulty

hich

has inhibited

he

recording

f Sasanian

hoards,

part

from

heir

ery

volume,

s the

problem

f

devising

meaningfulequence

for

isting

hese

oins,

when

both

the

readings

and the

nterpretations

f

heir

monograms

reso

often

roblematical.

The

purpose

f

the

present

ote s to

emphasize

hat

t s

possible

o

devise

n

interim

olution o this

problem.

This,

though

dmittedly

to

some

extent

mperfect,

ince

any

method

of

classifying

oin-

legends

when these

are blundered r of

doubtful

nterpretation

s

bound to have

deficiencies,

ay

provide

some

encouragement

o

those facedwith he task of isting inds fSasaniansilver oins. t

is

probable

that the

study

of

the Sasanian

mint-monograms

as

reached he

imit

f

progress

n

purely

heoreticalines

of

inquiry.

The theoretical

onclusions an

now be

veryusefully upplemented

by

deductions rom

he

omposition

fhoards.

These

can

often

ssist

in

determining

uch

questions

s whether

mintwas situated n

the

far ast or

the xtreme est f

theSasanian

empire,

nd the

vidence

of

hoards

is

naturally

much

strengthened

hen

t can be

applied

cumulatively.

one

the

ess,

the

evidence f

the

present

oard

alone

seems

sufficiento

invalidate he traditional

dentificationf

the

monogram owread as *GB withZaranj in Sīstān, nd with hat

read

BN

with

Panjshlr,

lso in

Afghanistan.



17/26


There

s a

point

of numismaticnterest hich

rises

n connexion

with wo

of

thecoins isted

n

the

present

ind,

os. 8 and 46. This s

the

ppearance

t 6 o'clock

n

thereverse

margin

f

groups

f

pellets.

In

the first

xample

there

re

two,

and

in the second

four,

pellets.

The

occurence

of these

pellets,

n

varying

numbers,

as been re-

corded

by

other

writers.1

hey

are not confined

o the ssues

of

any

one

mint,

or

to those

of

any

one

year,

nd their

omparative

arity

makes t

unlikely

hat

they

onstituted routine

ystem

f officina

marks, inceparallel officinae ould tend to issue approximately

equal

volumes

of

coinage.

More evidence

will

therefore

ave to be

collected efore he

ignificance

f these

die-markings

ecomes lear.

Besides he

coins,

herewere wo other

bjects

n

the

hoard

which

call for brief

otice.One

is

thefolded

trip

f

silver,

tem

2

in

the

catalogue,

which

weighs

53*14

gm.

and measures

-1

inches

by

2-1

inches verall.

Unhappily

t bears

no

inscription

r

other

istinguish-

ing

mark

Pl.

XVII.

62].

The second tem

s

the

shallow

ar

in

which

the hoard is

reported

o have been

found,

nd

which,

s

already

mentioned,

as

purchased

with t

by

Mr. Hansman

[figs.

and

2].

It measures5f by 2f inches, nd bears extensive racesof a blue-

green

glaze

upon

the nside.The outside

may

also once have

been

similarly lazed.

f

so,

the

glaze

has there

isintegratedhrough

he

effectsf

corrosion,

xposing

hebuff abric f

the

pottery.

ndenta-

tions

nside

the

ar,

and also on the inside of

the

id,

indicate he

points

of

attachment

f

the

three-armed arthenware

pacers by

means

of

which

he

ars

were tacked ne

upon

another n the kiln.

These

spacers

re

extremely

ommonfinds

n

the

vicinity

f ancient

kilns n

Iraq,

sincewhen

firing

as

complete hey

ervedno

purpose

and

had

to be

thrown

way.

We haveseenthat hehoardmusthave beenput away nor soon

after

he

fourth

ear

of

Hormizd V

(a.D. 583).

It is of

quite

small

size,

and

there s no

need

to

postulateany

far-reaching

olitical

reason,

of

war or

public

disorder,

or

example,

o

account for

ts

abandonment. t

may

be

taken as the

savings

of

some

relatively

humble

erson,

peasant

or small

trader, idden,

robably

nough,

for

easons f

a

personal

nature,

nd never

eclaimed. he soil

of the

Middle

East must

conceal

thousands,

f not

millions,

f

such

de-

posits,

each

evidence of

some

unrecorded

ndividual

hazard or

tragedy.

1

J.

de

Morgan

n

Bab.Traitéii

Monnaies

rientales

,

3;

Dynastie

assanide),

pl.

xvii,3;

xviii,

7

nd 8.



18/26

172 A. D. H. BIVAR

CATALOGUE

OF COINS

Size

No. Wt. Obverse

Reverse

Hephthalites

Npky

LK

(?

contemporary

fKhosrau

)

1 1-2 Head

f

king,

.

wearing

inged

ire-altaretween

wo

uardians.

3-67 crown

urmounted

y

uffalo's ncertain

nscriptions:

o

r.,

head,

and withdiadem-ties

lundered;

oi.,

*Ķ

streaming

rom

ehind

houl-

ders. eforeace V GDH*

glory'.

utside

ingle

order,

crescents

t

3,

6,

nd

o'clock.

PI.

XVI.

Sasanians

Peroz

a.D.

59-84)

2

108 Head

of

king,

.,

wearing

irst,

ire-altaretweenwo

uardians,

3-44

wingless

rown

as

Paruck

42).

their odies

nnaturally

lon-

Star ehind

ead.

rescent

n

gated

nd

reducedo double

each

shoulder. efore

ace,

line f

dots,

reading

rom utside own-To

r.,

mint)

JL)

wards,ähl,nscr.yriyvc). To1.,date)bscure.

Symbols.

PI.

XVI.

Kavadh

(a.D.

88-531)

With

ingle

everseorder

'

Aufbau'

/a).

3

M Head of

king,

.

Before

ace,

Fire-altar

etweenwo

uardians,

3-59

Kw't

pzwn(y).

in

ingle

order.

Symbols:

To

r.,

mint)

^

w

I

w

To

1.,

date)

j>)dh.

17)

Margins:

*

v

v

*

v

With

oubleeverse

order

4

Aufbau'

/ß).

4 11 Head

of

king,

.

Before

ace,

Fire-altar

etweenwo

uardians,

3-0

legend

bscured.

in

double order.

Broken

Symbols:

To

r.,

mint)DYN'W,

ee

Mint-

w

|(?)

note

.

Margins:

s no.

3.

To

1-,

date)

csy.33)

Pl. XVI.

5

11

Portionf

king's

ead.

Before

ire-altar

etweenwo

uardians,

1

II

face,

ähl,

egend,

w't

pzwny

in

double

order.

Fragment

ymbols:

nly pļC

een.

To

r.,

mint)

only reserved.

)To

£preserved.

1.,

date) ncsy.

35)

£preserved.



19/26


Size

No.

Wt. Obverse

Reverse

6

1-15 Head of

king,

.

Before

ace,

Fire-altaretween

wo

uardians,

3-19 Pähl,

egend,

w't

pz[

in

ouble

order

partly

ouble-

Symbols:

KI3ÍC

struck).

w

I

?)

To

r.,

mint)

T,

see

Mint-note

Margins:

s no.

3.

XX.

To

1.,

date)

šsy.

36)

Khosrau

(a.d.

531-79)

(All

he oins f his uleralln

he

ategory

Aufbau'

/y).

7

1-2

Bust f

king

o r.

Legends

ot

Fire-altar

etween

wo

uardians.

3-92 clearndetail. Tor.,mint)B, eeMint-note,

Broken

Margins:

%

To

1.,

date)

robably

ncdh.

15)

u

, %

Similar

argins

ccur

n ll

ub-

Pl. XVI.

sequent

oins

f

his

uler.

8 1

25

As above. efore

ace,

racesf As

bove.

3-35

Pähl,

egend

wslw[.

To

r.,

mint)

W,

eeMint-noteI.

To

1.,

date) ptcķl.

47)

Margin:

wo

ellets

t

6

o'clock.

Pl. XVI.

9 Fragmentetailsost. Right-handortionf oin nly

1-58

preserved,

ith

mint)

W,

for

which

ee

Mint-note

I.

Margin

one

pellet

isible

t

6

o'clock;

secondost.

10

Fragment

etailsost.

Right-hand

pper

ortion

f oin

0-93

onlypreserved,

ith

mint),

'W,

or hichee

Mint-note

I.

11

1-3

Heavily

orroded nd

indis-

Fire-altar

etweenwo

uardians.

3-76

tinguishable.

To

r.,

mint)

RT,

ee

Mint-note

Corroded

III.

To

1.,

date)

Wcdh.

12)

12 1*1 Bust fkingor.;beforeace,Aspreceding.

3*72

Pähl,

egend:

wslwy.

ehind,

o

r.,

mint)ŅM,

eeMint-note

*pzwn'

IV.

To

1.,

date)

pdh.17)

L XVI.

13

1-2

Area

heavily

orroded,

nd r.

As

preceding.

3- 0

margin

ierced

y

orrosion.

To

r.,

mint)

říM.

To

1.,

date) šsy.36)

14 1-2

Bust f

king

o

r.;

before

ace,

As

preceding.

3-64

Pähl,

egend

Hws[lw]y;

ehind,

o

r.,

mint)

YL'N,

see Mint-

*pzw[.

note

.

To

1.,

date)

wysty.

20)

PL XVI.

15 1-4 Aspreceding;eforeace, ähl. Aspreceding.

3*98

legend:

wsl[.; ehind,

pzw['

To

r.,

mint)

YL'N.

To

1.,

date)

wcwyst.

29)



20/26

174 A. D. H. BIVAR

Size

No. Wt.

Obverse Reverse

16 1-2

Legends

nd

etailsbscure.

As ast.

3-80

To

r.,

mint)

YL'N.

To

1.,

ate ncertain.

17 1-2

Lower

ortion

f

oyal

ust,

ith

As

ast.

1-65

part

fPähl,

egend,

Ņw]slwy.

o

r.,

mint)

YL'N.

Fragment

To

1.,

ate

wanting.

18

M

Bust f

king

o

r.;

before

ace,

As

ast.

2-95

tracesf

king's

ame.

ehind,

o

r.,

mint)

YS,

ee

Mint-note

'pzwn. VI.To1.,date)hly.40)

Pl.

XVI.

19 1*1

As

ast;

efore

ace,

wslwy

be- As ast.

3-67

hind,

pzwn

To

r.,

mint)

YŠ.

To

1.,

date)

w'chl.

42)

20 1-1

Lower

ortion

f

oyal

ust. e-

Base

f

ire-altar,

nd

ight-hand

2*53

fore

ace,

wsl[. guardian

nly.v

Fragment

To

r., mint)

YŠ.

To

1.,

ate

wanting.

21

M

Bust f

king

o

r.;

before

ace,

Fire-altar

etween

wo

uardians.

3-23

Pähl,

egend,

wslwy

behind,

o

r.,

mint)

BN,

eeMint-note

*pzw[- VII.

To

1.,

date) csy.33)

Pl. XVI.

22

M

Area

heavily

ncrusted.

ehind

As ast.

3-56

head,

ähl,

egendpzw[.

To

r.,

mint)

JZJ~

perhaps

identicalith

ollowing

umber.

To

1.,

date) stdh.

18)

l.

XVI.

23

1-1

Bust f

king

o

r.;

before

ace,

As

ast.

3-57 Pähl,

egend,wslwy

;

behind,

o

r.,

mint)

GB,

eeMint-note

'pzw[.

'

VIII.

To

1.,

date) nc

wyst(?

25).

PI.

XVI.

24

M Area

much

ncrusted,

ut

o

r.,

As ast.

3-19 H]wslw[yandto 1., p[ are Tor.,mint)GB.

Broken

legible.

To

1.,

date) nchl.

45)

25 1-1 Bust

f

king

o

r.;

before

ace,

As ast.

1-85

Ņwsl[

nd

ehind

ead,

pzwn.

o

r.,

mint)

GB.

Corroded Coin

orroded

hrough

bove To

1.,

date) nly

c-

isible,

shoulder

f

ing. Perhaps

imilar

o

ast.

26

1-1 As

last,

ut bverse uch or-

As

ast.

3-81 rodednd bscure. To

r.,

mint)

'

see

Mint-note

IX.

To

1.,

date) cdh.11)

l. XVI.

27

1-1

Bust

f

king

o

r.,

n

neat mall As

ast,

ith

omencrustation.

3-71

style,

ndwell

reserved.

e-

To

r.,

mint)

'

fore ace, ähl,egendntact, o1.,date) pdh.17)

j

Hwslwy.

ehind

he

head,

'pzwn,

lso

ntact.



21/26


Size

No. Wt.

Obverse Reverse

28 1-1 Bust f

king

o

r.;

legends

ot Fire-altaretween

wo

uardians.

3-53

wholly

lear,

utbefore

ace,

To

r.,

mint)

WC,

ee

Mint-note

Hw[

s

visible,

nd

ehind

ead XI.

ypzw[.

his oin rokecrossTo

1.,

date) cwysty.

23)

duringleaning,

nd he

ieces

PI. XVI.

have een

oinedogether.

29

1

2 As

ast,

ut

rea

inelyreserved,

s

ast,

ncluding

int

nd

ate.

2-79

though arginseeply

otched.

Broken

Before

ace,

wslwy

and

be-

hind

ead,

pzwrt

withll

etters

clear.

30

1-2

Bust f

king

o

.,

ut

egends

b- Fire-altaretweenwo

uardians.

3-76 scure

To

r.,

mint)

řl,

ee

Mint-note

XII.

To

1.,

date)

štdh.

18)

Pl.

XVI.

31

1-2 Bust f

king

o

.,

ut

egends

b-

As ast.

2-33

scure. he

margin

roken

nd To

r.,

mint)

I1.

Broken

notched.

To

1.,

date)

st

wyst

.

? 28)

32

1-2 Bust f

king

o

r.,

with etails

As ast.

3-98

well

preserved.

efore

ace,

To

r.,

mint)

IJ.

Pähl,

egend

wslwy.

ehind,

o

1.,

date) esy(31)

'pzwy. arginlightly

otched.

PI. XVI.

33 1-2 Bust fkingor.,with etailsAs ast.3-49 mostlyreserved.eforeace,To r., mint)WYI1, eeMint-

Pahl.

egend:

wslw[

behind,

note

II.

'pzwn.

argin

roken,

pper

To

1., date)y. 30)

PI.

XVI.

right.

34

1*2

Obverse

eavily

orroded.

As ast.

2-23

To

r.,

mint)

YH.

Corroded

To

1.,

date)

hly.40)

35

1-2 Bust f

king

o

r.;

egends

ome-

As ast.

3-31

what

bscure,

ut

efore

ace

To

r.,

mint)

YH.

Broken

]s/h>[

anbe

made ut.

Upper

To

1.,

date) nchl.45)

and eft

argin

roken.

36 M 5 Bust

f

king

o

r.;

before

ace,

As ast.

3-02 usual egend: wslw[.o 1., Tor.,mint) YH.Broken obscure.

Upper

right-hand

o

1.,

date)

ot

ullyegible,er-

margin

roken.

haps newyst.25)

37 0-7 Lower

ortion

f

oyal

ust.

Right-handuardian,

ith

dja-

1-12

cent

mint)nscription

nly,

Fragment

WYI1.

38

1 2

Area

adly

ncrusted,

ut

ttribu-

ire-altaretweenwo

uardians.

3-13 tion oKhosrau

not

n

doubt.

To

r.,

mint)

LC,

eeMint-note

XIII.

To

1.,

date)

hichi.

44)

Pl. XVI.

39

1 2

Bust

f

king

o

r.

before

ace,

Fire ltar

etween

wo

uardians.

3-72 Pähl,

egend

ws[

;

behind

o

r.,

mint)

'M,

eeMint-note

'pzw[.

'

XIV.To

1.,

date)llegible.

Pl. XVII.



22/26

176 A. D. H. BI VAR

Size

No.

Wt. Obverse

Reverse

40

M

Bust

f

king

o

r.;

before

ace,

Fire-altar

etweenwo

uardians.

3-53 Pähl,

egend

efinitely

wslwdy.

o

r.,

(mint)

OJ

perhaps

Behind,

pzw[.

similaro

hose

ollowing.

To

1.,

date)

T.

(6)

Pl.

XVII.

41

115

Bust f

king

o

r.;

before

ace,

As ast.

311 usual

egend:

wslwy.

ehind,

o

r.,

mint)D,

see

Mint-note

Broken

*pzw[. Right-hand

argin

XVI.

broken

way.

To

1.,

date)

w*cwyst.

22)

42 1-1

As

ast,

ut

nscr.o

r.

obscured.

s ast.

3-36 To1.,pzwn Tor.,mint)-seeiscussionf his

monogram

n

Mint-note

VI.

To

1.,

date)

wcwyst.

29)

Pl.

XVII.

43

1-15

Usual bverse

ype,

ut

egends

s ast.

3*62

badly

bscured.

To

r.

mint) onogram

sno.

2.

To

1.,

date)

ķlsy.34)

44

1-1 Obverse

eavily

orroded,

nd As ast.

1-62

margins

roken.

To

r.

mint)

onogram

s no.

2.

Broken

To

1.,

date)

hlsy.34)

45

1-2

Bust f

king

o

r.;

legends

b-

To

r.,

mint)

D,

seeMint-note

3-60

scured

xcept

ehind

ead

/?[.

XVI.

To1.,date) ptsy.37)Pl. XVII.

46

1-2 Usual bverse

ype. egends

b-

As

ast.

3-61

scure,xcept

ehindead

zw[.

To

r.,

mint) onogram

iscussed

Broken

Upper

eft-hand

argin

otched.

in

Mint-note

VII.

To

1.,

date)

ķlsy.

34)

In

margin

t

6

o'clock,

pel-

lets.

Pl. XVII.

47

1-17 Obverse

ncrusted

nd

details

ire-altaretweenwo

uardians.

3-79 obscure.

To

r.,

mint)

L,

ee

Mint-note

XVIII.

To

1.,

date)

ķīsy.

34)

l.

XVII.

48

11 Bust

f

king

o

r.;

before

ace,

As ast.

2-86 Pähl,egend: wslwy.ehind, o r., mint)K,see Mint-note

Broken

*pzw[

Lower

argin

roken.

XIX.

To

1.,

date)

šsy.36)

l. XVII.

49

1-15 Obverse

omewhat

braded,

ut

As

ast.

2-57

before

ace

f

king

Hws [

To

r.,

mint),

T,

eeMint-note

behind

ead

pzwn.

XX.

To

1.,

date) ptcķl.47)

50

1-2

Lower

ortion

f

oyal

ust,

ell Fire-altar

with

right-hand

2-33

preserved.

ing's

ame

want-

guardian.

Fragment

ng,

ave

for inal

y;

behind

or.,

mint)

T.

head

pzwn

reserved.

To

1.,

ate

wanting.

51

M

Bust f

king

o

r.,

withlldetails

ire-altaretween

wo

uardians.

3-77 wellpreserved.eforeace,Tor.,mint),L, eeMint-notePähl,

egend:

w[s]lwy;

e- XXI.

hind,

pzwn.

To

1.,

date)

tpdh.17)



23/26


Size

No.

Wt.

Obverse

Reverse

52 1 2 Bust f

ing

o

.,

with

etails

ell

As ast.

3-26

preserved.

efore

ace,

ähl.

To

r.,

mint)

L.

Broken

legend: wslwy.

egend

o

1.

To

1.,

date)

c.sy.

33)

PI.

XVII.

wanting.

eft-hand

argin

nd

part

f rea roken.

Fragmentary

nd

oubtful

oins

f

Khosrau

53

1*1

Bust

f

king

o

r.;

before

ace,

Fire-altar

etweenwo

uardians.

3-48

Pahlavi

egend:Hwslwy.

e- To

r.

mint)

LG,

ee

Mint-note

hind,bscure. XV.

To

1.,

date)

lundered,

erhaps

hptwyst.27)

Pl. XVII.

54 1*15 Obverse

eavily

orroded;

ar-

Heavily

orroded,

nd

legends

1-51

gin

and

area

broken nd

wholly

bscure.

Fragment

notched.

55

1-2

Obverse

orroded,

ut

oinde-

Fire-altar

etweenwo

uardians.

2-17

finitely

fKhosrau.

Tor.

mint)

ncertain

onogram,

Corroded

'B

or

Y.

To

1.,

date) ķly.40)

56

1-15 Bust f

king

o

r.

before

ace,

As ast.

2-43 Pähl,

egend:

w[sl.

behind,

o

r.,

mint)

uncertain.

Fragmentspzw[ To1.,date)ncomplete.

57

1-05

Upper art

f

crown,

ith

.,

Left-hand

uardian

nd

date,

2-20

Hw[s

and

.,

p[

hpdh

17) nly.

Fragment

58

M

Upperpart

of

crownmuch

Left-hand

uardian

nd

date,

1-39 corroded.

races

f

p[ y'cchl

41)

only.

Fragment

59

1-05

Upper art

f

rown,

ith

egend

eft-hand

uardian,

nd

date,

1-55 to

r.,

Ņws[

cķlchl

44) nly.

Fragment

HormizdV a.d.579-590)

60

1-2 Bust f

king

o

r.;

before

ace,

Fire-altaretweenwo

uardians.

3-84

Pähl,

egend:

whl[mzdy.

ar- To

r.,

mint)

YŠ,

ee

Mint-note

gins:

VI.

V

V**

To

(date>

HE>Y.

1)

Pl. XVII.

61

1-15 Obverse

eavily

orroded.

rea

Fire-altar

etween

wo

uardians.

2-54

twice

ierced,

nd

ower

argin

o

r.

mint)

-''U

uncertain.

Corroded

notched.

he

characteristic

p

o

/ ,

»■»•

LB

»>,

a'

di

l"

yvit

VIL

marginal

ecorationsf this

rp

o

l>

date)

,

»■»•

LB

»>,

(4)

a'

di

l"

yvit

VIL

rulerannot edistinguished.The alligraphyf he everse

none

he ess

eemsonecessi-

tate

his ttribution.

C

1987

N



24/26

178 A. D. H. BIVAR

Size

No. Wt.

Other

bjects

62 2-1

q.

Folded heet

f

ilver,

pened

n the

aboratory.

t s of

rregular

53-14

shape,

nd ears o

nscription

r

design.

Pl. XVII.

63

5

1

X

|

Earthenware

ar

with

id,

earing

races

f

blue-green

laze

n nside.

(See igs.

and

.)



25/26

SASANIAN

OARD

FROM

HILLA

i)

NUM. CHRON.

1963,

PL. XVI



26/26

SASANIAN OARD

FROM HILLA

2)

NUM.

CHRON.

1963,

PL.

XVII

a sasanian hoard from hilla / by a.d.h. bivar

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