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Seminar On

Suratgarh Super Thermal Power Station (Raj.)

Introduction

1. Suratgarh thermal power station is the first super thermal power Station of Rajasthan with total installed capacity of 1500 MW.

2. Suratgarh super thermal power station is located 27 km away from Suratgarh town in Ganganagar Dist. on the left bank of IGNP at Up Stream of Suratgarh Barrage.

3.This station is operated and maintained by Rajasthan Vidhyut Utpadan Nigam Limited.

S.S.T.P.S. is designed in six stages•STAGE I - 1x250 MW•STAGE II- 1X250 MW•STAGE III- 1X250 MW•STAGE IV- 1X250 MW•STAGE V- 1X250 MW•STAGE VI- 1X250 MW•STAGE VII- 1X660MW(Under construction)•STAGE VIII- 1X660MW(Under construction)Total Power Generation - 1500 MW

INTRODUCTION

A Thermal Power Plant converts the heat energy of coal into electrical energy. Coal is burnt in a boiler which converts water into steam. The expansion of steam in turbine produces mechanical power which drives the alternator coupled to the turbine.Thermal Power Plants contribute maximum to the generation of Power for any country . Thermal Power Plants constitute 75.43% of the total installed captive and non-captive power generation in India . In thermal generating stations coal, oil, natural gas etc. are employed as primary sources of energy.

THERMAL POWER PLANT

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THERMAL POWER PLANT

EQUIPMENT OF STEAM POWER STATION

BoilerSuper heaterEconomizerAirpreheaterTurbineCondenserGeneratorCooling Towers

BOILER

•A boiler or steam generator is a closed vessel in which water under pressure, is converted into steam. • It is one of the major components of a thermal power plant• Always designed to absorb maximum amount of heat released in the process of combustionBoilers are of two types-1. Fire tube boiler2. Water tube boiler

ECONOMIZER Flue gases

coming out of the boiler carry lot of heat. An economizer extracts a part of this heat from flue gases and uses it for heating feed water. This use of economizer results in saving coal consumption and higher boiler efficiency .

SUPER HEATER AND REHEATER Super heater :

The steam produced in the boiler is wet and is

passed through a super heater where it is dried and

super heater (steam temperature increased above that

of boiling point of water) by the flue gases on their way to

chimney. Super heating provides two principal benefits. Firstly,

the overall efficiency is increased . Secondly, too much

condensation in the last stage of turbine is avoided.

The superheated steam from the super heater is fed to steam

turbine through the main valve.

Re heater:

 Some of the heat of superheated steam is used to rotate the

turbine where it loses some of its energy.

AIR PREHEATERS

Air preheater increases the temperature of the air supplied for coal burning by deriving heat from flue gases.Air preheater increase the thermal efficiency of steam power plant and increased steam capacity per square meter of boiler furnace.

Air preheaters may be of two types:-

Recuperative type Regenerative type

Prime MoversSteam EnginesSteam Turbines The prime movers converts steam

energy into mechanical energy. A steam turbine has several advantages over a steam engine as a prime mover.Steam turbine are of two types:

Impulse Turbines Reactions Turbines

TURBINE – FULL VIEW

CONDENSERThe condenser does the job of condensing the steam exhausted from turbine.

Steam after rotating steam turbine comes to condenser. Water is drawn from a natural source of supply such as river,canel or lack and is circulated through the condenser. The circulating water takes up the heat of the exhausted steam and itself becomes hot. This hot water coming out from the condenser is discharged down the river.

1. COAL HANDLING PLANT (CHP)

COAL & ASH HANDLING PLANT

The function of CHP is automatic feeding of coal to the boiler furnace. The coal is transported to the power station by rail. One rail (rack) consists of 58 or 59 boxes with 60 – 70 tones coal loaded in each box. There are 6-7 racks of coal are used. About 18000 tones coal required per day for whole unit.

ASH HANDLING PLANTThe percentage of ash in coal varies from 5% in good quality coal to about 40% in poor quality coalPower plants generally use poor quality of coal , thus amount of ash produced by it is pretty large.A modern 2000MW plant produces about 5000 tons of ash daily.The stations use some conveyor arrangement to carry ash to dump sites directly or for carrying and loading it to trucks and wagons which transport it to the site of disposal

COOLING TOWERS AND PONDS

o A condenser needs huge quantity of water to condense the steam .o Typically a 2000MW plant needs about 1500MGallon of water.oMost plants use a closed cooling system where warm water coming from condenser is cooled and reusedoSmall plants use spray ponds and medium and large plants use cooling towers.oCooling tower is a steel or concrete hyperbolic structure having a reservoir at the base for storage of cooled wateroHeight of the cooling tower may be 150 m or so and diameter at the base is 150 m

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN POWER PLANT

Power TransformerBus BarsIsolators Circuit Breaker Relays FusesSwitches