a short intermission about function handles and cell arrays
DESCRIPTION
A short intermission about function handles and cell arrays. A MATLAB function may be referenced by a handle. >> sphere(100). A short intermission about function handles and cell arrays. A MATLAB function may be referenced by a handle. s = @sphere [XX YY ZZ] = feval(s,100). Example. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
A short intermission about function handles and cell arrays
A MATLAB function may be referenced by a handle.
>> sphere(100)
A short intermission about function handles and cell arrays
A MATLAB function may be referenced by a handle.
s = @sphere
[XX YY ZZ] = feval(s,100)
Example
function draw(function_handle, function_parameter)
[XX YY ZZ] = feval(function_handle, function_parameter);
surf_handle = surf(XX,YY,ZZ);
ax = get(surf_handle,'parent');
shading(ax,'INTERP')
What would be the result of: draw(s,100) ? draw(@cylinder,100) ?
Cell arrays are similar to normal arrays …but
• They use curly brackets { }• They store elements of different types
x = {s 6}
x = @sphere [6]
x{1}ans = @sphere
x{2}ans = 6
Continuing with GUI
Graphic Objects
• figure• axes• 2D-plot• 3D-plot• axis labels• title
GUI objects• pushbutton• toggle• edit• text• menu
The UIcontrols are common interface controlers
Help us perform specific actions or set the variables for future actions
Actions and options are selected by the mouse, some UIcontrols are also editable so we can use the keyboard as well
Interface controllers
Interface controllers
We can create UIcontrols simply by implementing the following syntax
handle_to_UI=uicontrol(‘Property Name’,’Property Value’);
Interface controllers
UIcontrol types are defined by their ‘style’ property:
Check box 'checkbox'Editable text field 'edit'
Toggle button 'toggle' 'Pop-up menus 'popupmenu'
Push button 'pushbuttonList box 'listbox'
Radio button 'radiobutton'
Static text 'text'
Slider 'slider'Frame 'frame'
Essential properties:
Callback – A string with one or more commands that is executed when the controller is activated.
May be empty – ''
Example uicontrol('style','pushbutton','callback','close(gcf)');
Interface controllersare graphic objects
Essential properties:
Callback – A string with one or more commands that is executed when the controller is activated.
May be empty - ''
Recommendation – always call a function that does what you want.
function closeCurrentFigure(hCallingButton,... eventData) close(gcf)End
uicontrol('style','pushbutton',... 'callback',{@closeCurrentFigure});
Interface controllersare graphic objects
Essential properties:
Callback – A string with one or more commands that is executed when the controller is activated.
May be empty - ''
Recommendation – always call a function that does what you want.
Tag – a string that may be used as a unique identifier of the controller.
h = findobj('Tag','1');
Essential properties :
• Units – 'pixels' (default) or 'norm' (recommended) or
• Position – The vector [Left-lower-corner-X
Left-lower-corner-Y
width height]
If you want to use the 'norm' units you should declare it before the position is set.
Essential properties :
• Value – a scalar
• String
• UserData – a matrix
hToCheckBox =
uicontrol('Style', 'checkbox',...
'Position',[20 450 120 20],...
'String','Check Box example‘, ...
‘Callback’,’’)
Checkboxes allow the user to turn on/off a number of independent options
Note: the position is measured in pixels from the left-bottom corner of the figure
Checkboxes
Represented by the Value property :
1 for checked
0 for unchecked
>>state=get(hToCheckBox,’Value’)
These values correspond to the Max and Min properties of the uicontrol which by default are 1 and 0 respectively
Checkbox state
Examplefunction OnOffFrameuicontrol('style', 'toggle',... 'position', [50 100 150 200],... 'backgroundColor‘, 'b',... 'foregroundColor', 'r',... 'tag', 'onOff',... 'string', 'on',... 'FontSize', 40,... 'callBack', {@onOff},... 'userData', 1);
function OnOffFrameuicontrol('style', 'toggle',... 'position', [50 100 150 200],... 'backgroundColor‘, 'b',... 'foregroundColor', 'r',... 'tag', 'onOff',... 'string', 'on',... 'FontSize', 40,...
'callBack', {@onOff},... 'userData', 1);
Cell arrayA handle to the function onOff
function OnOffFrame uicontrol(: :
:); function onOff(hCallingButton, eventData) state = get(hCallingButton,'userData'); if (state) %on set(hCallingButton,... 'string', 'off',... 'backgroundColor', 'r',... 'foregroundColor', 'b',... 'userData', 0); else set(hCallingButton,'string', 'on',... 'backgroundColor', 'b',... 'foregroundColor', 'r',... 'userData', 1); end end end
function OnOffFrame uicontrol(: :
:); function onOff(hCallingButton, eventData) state = get(hCallingButton,'userData'); if (state) %on set(hCallingButton,... 'string', 'off',... 'backgroundColor', 'r',... 'foregroundColor', 'b',... 'userData', 0); else set(hCallingButton,'string', 'on',... 'backgroundColor', 'b',... 'foregroundColor', 'r',... 'userData', 1); end end end
A handle to the calling controller
A matrix (in this case empty)
Graphic objects
Figure Axes
UI controllers
pushdown button toggle button radio buttons text editor text slider
UI menu
Initialize figure,UI controllers and menu
my_first_GUI – flow chart
Initialize figure,UI controllers and menu
my_first_GUI – flow chart
Activated?
Perform callback
yes
no
UI 1
wait
Initialize figure,UI controllers and menu
my_first_GUI – flow chart
Activated?
Perform callback
yes
no
UI 1
wait
Activated?
Perform callback
yes
no
UI 2
wait
Initialize figure,UI controllers and menu
my_first_GUI – flow chart
Activated?
Perform callback
yes
no
UI 1
wait
Activated?
Perform callback
yes
no
UI 2
wait
Kill?
display?
Calculate and update figure
yes
no
yes
no
Get parameters from UI
Close figure
Main program
function run)the drawing engine(
function draw)actually draws(
my_first_GUI – flow of information
t Caxes handles
edituicontrol
C
slideruicontrol
speed
toggleuicontrol
On/off
pushButtonuicontrol
kill
uimenu
figure
colormap
radioButtonuicontrol
type
Step I – setting the scenefunction my_first_gui draw_figure(600,600)end
Step I – setting the scenefunction my_first_gui draw_figure(600,600)end function draw_figure(width, height) screen_size = get(0,'screenSize'); left = screen_size(1)+5; bottom = screen_size(4)-height-40;
Step I – setting the scenefunction my_first_gui draw_figure(600,600)end function draw_figure(width, height) screen_size = get(0,'screenSize'); left = screen_size(1)+5; bottom = screen_size(4)-height-40;
figure('position',[left bottom width height],... 'menuBar','none'); end
Step II – subplotsfunction my_first_gui draw_figure('the_figure',600,600) main_axes = subplot(7,7,[1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 8 9 10 11 12 13 ... 15 16 17 18 19 20 ... 22 23 24 25 26 27 ... 29 30 31 32 33 34 ... 36 37 38 39 40 41]); small_axes = subplot(7,7,[7 14]);end function draw_figure(tag, width, height) screen_size = get(0,'screenSize'); left = screen_size(1)+5; bottom = screen_size(4)-height-40;
figure('position',[left bottom width height],... 'tag', tag,... 'menuBar','none'); end
Toggle buttons (or switches) are best suited for choosing between options like true/false, on/off and so on
Buttons
Step III – the on/off button
uicontrol('style' ,'toggle',... 'position' ,[0 10 60 30],... 'backgroundColor','b',... 'foregroundColor','r',... 'tag' ,'onOff',... 'string' ,'on',... 'callBack' ,{@onOff},... 'userData' ,1);
on
Step III – the on/off button
function onOff(calling_button, eventData) state = get(calling_button,'userData'); if (state) %on set(calling_button,'string' ,'off',... 'backgroundColor','r',... 'foregroundColor','b',... 'userData' ,0); else set(calling_button,'string' ,'on',... 'backgroundColor','b',... 'foregroundColor','r',... 'userData' ,1); end end
on
function onOff(calling_button, eventData) state = get(calling_button,'userData'); if (state) %on set(calling_button,'string' ,'off',... 'backgroundColor','r',... 'foregroundColor','b',... 'userData' ,0); else set(calling_button,'string' ,'on',... 'backgroundColor','b',... 'foregroundColor','r',... 'userData' ,1); end end
on
Push buttons are designed to launch a specific action like starting or stopping an execution, resetting the content of a form etc.
Buttons
uicontrol('style' , 'pushbutton',... 'position' ,[65 10 60 30],... 'backgroundColor','b',... 'foregroundColor','r',... 'tag' ,'close',... 'string' ,'close',... 'callBack' , {@close_all},... 'userData' ,0);
Step IV– the close button
on close
function close_all(calling_button, eventData) set(calling_button,'userData',1);end
on close
function close_all(calling_button, eventData) set(calling_button,'userData',1);end
on close
Why don’t we close the figure?
Sliders
Sliders provide an easy way to gradually change values between a given range.
Three ways to move the slider
Sliders
The user has three possible way to change the position of the slider
1.Click the arrow buttons => small value changes
2.Click the trough => large value changes
3.Click and drag the slider => depends on user
The default changes are 1% and 10%
SlidersThe range of the slider is defined with the Min and
Max uicontrol properties.
The amount of change related to an user click is controlled with the SliderStep property which is a two element vector ([0.01 0.1] default)
hToVertSlider= uicontrol('Style','slider',...
'Position',[160 10 20 120],...
'Min',10,...
'Max',20,...
'Value',15,... 'SliderStep',[0.1 0.25],...
'Callback','')
We must set a value between Min and Max
Sliders
Given the setting from Min, Max and SliderStep the amount of change to the current Value are as follow:
For an arrow click:
Value = Value + SliderStep(1) * (Max – Min)
16 = 15 + 0.1 * (20 - 10)
For a trough click:
Value = Value + SliderStep(2) * (Max – Min)
17.5 = 15 + 0.25 * (20 - 10)
Step V– the speed slider
uicontrol('style' ,'slider',.... 'position',[130 10 450 30],... 'tag' ,'speedSlider',... 'max' ,pi/2,... 'min' ,0.01,... 'value' ,pi/4);
Step V– the speed slider
uicontrol('style' ,'slider',.... 'position',[130 10 450 30],... 'tag' ,'speedSlider',... 'max' ,pi/2,... 'min' ,0.01,... 'value' ,pi/4);
What about the callback?
Text and editable text Static texts are commonly used to give
instructions or to display other controllers values (such as sliders)
…’Style’,’text’,…
Static text can not execute callbacks.
Editable texts gets string input from the GUI user.
When the user enters the edit field and change its content, only the String property is affected.
Editable text can execute callbacks
Step VI – the text frame
uicontrol('style' ,'text',... 'string' ,'C',... 'tag' ,'C_title',... 'position' ,[490 290 60 70],... 'backgroundColor','y');
What about the callback?
Step VII – the edit window
uicontrol('style' ,'edit',... 'string' ,'1',... 'value' ,1,... 'tag' ,'C',... 'position',[500 300 40 40],... 'callback', {@getC});
function getC(calling_button, eventData) s = get(calling_button,'string'); set(calling_button,'value',str2double(s));end
Radio Buttons
Radio buttons are similar to checkboxes but designed to specify options that are mutually exclusive like in multiple-choice questions
hToRadio1 = uicontrol('Style', 'radio',...
'Position',[20 300 120 20],...
'String','Option1',...
'Callback', {@turnOffTheOtherButtons},...
'Value',1)
Selected
Function turnOffTheOtherButtons
h = findobj('Tag','option1');
set(h,'Value',0);
:
:
Do we need a different function for each button?
Step VIII – the radio buttons
uicontrol('style' ,'radio',... 'string' ,'surf',... 'callback', {@plotTypeButtons},... 'tag' ,'plot_type',... 'position',[490 250 80 30],... 'value' ,1,... 'userdata',1);
uicontrol('style' ,'radio',... 'string' ,'contour3',... 'callback', {@plotTypeButtons},... 'tag' ,'plot_type',... 'position',[490 220 80 30],... 'value' ,0,... 'userdata',0);
Step VIII – the radio buttons
function plotTypeButtons(calling_button, eventData) handles = findobj('tag','plot_type'); set(handles,'value',0); set(calling_button,'value',1);end
Step IX - Now lets use itfunction run(main_axes, small_axes) onOff = findobj('tag','onOff'); speedSlider = findobj('tag','speedSlider'); C_window = findobj('tag','C'); close_button = findobj('tag','close'); type_handels = findobj('tag','plot_type');
Step IX - Now lets use itfunction run(main_axes, small_axes) onOff = findobj('tag','onOff'); speedSlider = findobj('tag','speedSlider'); C_window = findobj('tag','C'); close_button = findobj('tag','close'); type_handles = findobj('tag','plot_type');
How does type_handles differ from the other handles?
kill = get(close_button,'userData'); [x y] = meshgrid(-2:0.2:2); t = 0.001; while (~kill) on = get(onOff,'userData'); C = get(C_window,'value'); speed = get(speedSlider,'value'); kill = get(close_button,'userData');
activeB = findobj(type_handels,'value',1); plotType = get(activeB,'userdata');
if (on) draw(x,y,main_axes,small_axes,t,C,plot_type); t = t + speed; if (t >= 2*pi) t = 0.0001; end end pause(0.1); end
kill = get(close_button,'userData'); [x y] = meshgrid(-2:0.2:2); t = 0.001; while (~kill) on = get(onOff,'userData'); C = get(C_window,'value'); speed = get(speedSlider,'value'); kill = get(close_button,'userData');
activeB = findobj(type_handels,'value',1); plotType = get(activeB,'userdata');
if (on) draw(x,y,main_axes,small_axes,t,C,plot_type); t = t + speed; if (t >= 2*pi) t = 0.0001; end end pause(0.1); end
kill = get(close_button,'userData'); [x y] = meshgrid(-2:0.2:2); t = 0.001; while (~kill) on = get(onOff,'userData'); C = get(C_window,'value'); speed = get(speedSlider,'value'); kill = get(close_button,'userData');
activeB = findobj(type_handels,'value',1); plotType = get(activeB,'userdata');
if (on) draw(x,y,main_axes,small_axes,t,C,plot_type); t = t + speed; if (t >= 2*pi) t = 0.0001; end end pause(0.1); end
kill = get(close_button,'userData'); [x y] = meshgrid(-2:0.2:2); t = 0.001; while (~kill) on = get(onOff,'userData'); C = get(C_window,'value'); speed = get(speedSlider,'value'); kill = get(close_button,'userData');
activeB = findobj(type_handels,'value',1); plotType = get(activeB,'userdata');
if (on) draw(x,y,main_axes,small_axes,t,C,plot_type); t = t + speed; if (t >= 2*pi) t = 0.0001; end end pause(0.1); end
kill = get(close_button,'userData'); [x y] = meshgrid(-2:0.2:2); t = 0.001; while (~kill) on = get(onOff,'userData'); C = get(C_window,'value'); speed = get(speedSlider,'value'); kill = get(close_button,'userData');
activeB = findobj(type_handels,'value',1); plotType = get(activeB,'userdata');
if (on) draw(x,y,main_axes,small_axes,t,C,plot_type); t = t + speed; if (t >= 2*pi) t = 0.0001; end end pause(0.1); end fig = findobj('tag','the_figure'); close(fig);end
cm = uimenu('tag','colorMap','label','Color Map');
Step XI – Adding color map menu
cm = uimenu('tag','colorMap','label','Color Map'); uimenu(cm, 'label','jet', ‘callback',{@set_colorMap,jet});uimenu(cm, 'label','hot', 'callback',{@set_colorMap,hot});uimenu(cm, 'label','cool', 'callback',{@set_colorMap,cool});
Step XI – Adding color map menu
function set_colorMap(calling_manu, eventData,colorMap) set(gcf,'colorMap',colorMap); parent = get(calling_manu,'parent'); all = get(parent,'children'); set(all,'checked','off'); set(calling_manu,'checked','on'); end
hToCheckBox =
uicontrol('Style', 'checkbox',...
'Position',[20 450 120 20],...
'String','Check Box example‘, ...
‘Callback’,’’)
Checkboxes allow the user to turn on/off a number of independent options
Note: the position is measured in pixels from the left-bottom corner of the figure
Checkboxes