a. simple leaves located opposite each other on the twig, e.g., maples and tree lilacs. b. simple...
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A. Simple leaves located opposite each other on the twig,
e.g., maples and tree lilacs.
B. Simple leaves located alternately on the twig,
e.g., birch, poplars and willows.
C. Compound leaves located opposite
each other on the twig, e.g., ash and buckeye.
D. Compound leaves located alternately on the twig,
e.g., locusts and walnut.
Leaf Identification based on type and arrangement
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• At the base of a mature leaf you will find a bud, while at the base of a leaflet of a compound leaf, there are no buds.
• Leaf margins often are helpful in identifying trees. These margins take various shapes
Smooth, Entire
Finely toothed
Doubly toothed,
sharp pointed
Lobed
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PNW deciduous trees
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Vine Maple (Acer circinatum)
• Habitat: Moist areas, generally an understory tree.– Generally 20’ tall
• Leaves: simple, opposite
• Fruit: samara
• Bark: smooth, greenish tint
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Rocky Mountain Maple (Acer glabrum)• Habitat: Drier, more open sites than vine
maple Leaves: simple, opposite– Generally 12’ tall
• Fruit: samara
• Bark: smooth, greenish tint
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Red Alder (Alnus rubra)• Habitat: Moist woods, stream banks,
disturbed clearings at low elevations.
• Leaves: simple, alternate
• Fruit: small, brown woody ‘cones’
•
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Sitka Alder (Alnus Sinuata)
• Habitat: Moist places from lowland to subalpine elevations. – 3’-20’
• Leaves: simple, alternate
• Fruits: long cone-like
• Uses: by native people
and for stabilizing disturbed
nutrient poor areas
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Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides)
• Habitat: near streams, rivers, in meadows and in canyon rocks, where it may seem dry but is wet underground. Loves sunlight.
• Bark: pale green* to white. Smooth
• Leaves: simple, ‘shiver’ in the wind. White/silver undersides. Flattened petiole.
• Vegetative propagation*
• Flower:
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Black Cottonwood (populus trichocarpa)
• Habitat: dry to moist, variety of soils.
• Bark: dark, furrowed.
• Leaves: smooth, dark green, pointed.
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Oregon White Oak
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Pacific Dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)• Habitat: Open to dense mixed forest
especially along streams at low elevations
• Leaves: simple, opposite
• Fruit: pink red berry (flowers)
• Uses: some natives used it as a laxative or to induce vomiting
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Larch/Tamarak (Larix lyallii)
• Habitat: Subalpine or alpine areas often on north facing slopes
• Leaves: soft needles
• Small woody cones
• Uses: waterproof quality,
herbal remedies
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Bitter Cherry (Prunus emarginata)
• Habitat: Moist forests and along streams – Up to 50’
• Leaves: Slender simple, alternate
• Fruit: bright red, small berries
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PNW deciduous bushes
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Western Serviceberry, Shadbush, Saskatoon, Juneberry (Amelanchier alnifolia)
• Habitat: Open hillsides to dense forests in well-drained soil from low to middle elevations
• Leaves: simple, alternate
• Flower: white ‘leafy’
clusters at tips of
branches.
• Fruit: blue-black and
edible!
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Twinberry
• Habitat: Moist forest clearings, streamside habitats, swamps and thickets from low to subalpine elevations ~6ft tall
• Flowers: yellow ‘bell-like’
• Fruit: shiny black berries in pairs
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Indian Plum (Oemleria cerasiformis)
• Habitat: Stream banks and moist to rather dry woods; low elevations (5’-12’)
• Leaves: simple, alternate
• Flowers: small, white, drooping
• Fruit: blue-black
when ripe
(orange when not)
fleshy, drooping.
Edible!
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Devils Club (Oplopanax horridus)• Habitat: Moist woods, especially near
streams, seepage sites, and in avalanche tracks; low to middle elevations
• Sensitive to human impact.
• *article*
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Blue elderberry• Habitat: Dry to moist, fairly open, low-elevation
sites (6’-20’)• Leaves: compound, opposite• Flower: many tiny, creamy white• Fruit: clusters of blue-black small berries, edible! (low-grade toxin when raw that causes nausea in some)
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Red Eldererry (sambucus racemosa)• Habitat: Stream banks, swampy thickets,
moist clearings and open forests; sea level to middle elevations (6’-20’)
• Leaves: compound, opposite
• Flower: many tiny, white, pyramid
• Fruit: clusters of bright red
Marginally edible.
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Wild Rose (Rosa)• Habitat: Moist to dry woods and shrublands
from near sea level to middle elevations (2’-7’)
• About half a dozen species in the PNW
• Leaves: compound, alternate
• Flower: pink
• Fruit: red-orange ‘hip’
Edible! High in vitamin C, iron, calcium, and phosphorus.
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Salmonberry Rubus spectabilis
• Habitat: Moist to wet places from streambanks to wooded areas from low to subalpine elevations (4’-8’)
• Leaves: compound
• Flower: deep showy pink, solitary
• Fruit: red-salmon, raspberry-like, edible!
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Thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus• Habitat: Moist to dry, wooded to open
areas from near sea level to subalpine elevations (4’-8’)
• Leaves: simple, maple-like
• Flower: white in loose clusters
• Fruit: red, hemispherical, edible!
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Smooth sumac Rhus glabra• Habitat: Dry slopes and draws in eastern
Washington’s shrub-steppe; can be found along forest edges, grasslands, and roadsides
• Leaves: compound, beautiful in fall
• Fruit: dense clusters of ‘bobs’
• Teas, spice, dye,
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