A Siren goes off indicating a nuclear bomb could be being dropped…

What will you do?

u “Duck-and-Cover”!!!!

Imagine you are in a classroom in 1955…

The Cold War

THE COLD WAR DEFINED:

The Cold War was an ideological struggle (a conflict of ideas) about how societies should function, and a fight for power and influence on a global scale#

Both the USA and the USSR competed with each other and tried to create “backyards” of influence around the world

METHODS OF COMPETITION

The USA and the USSR competed with each other for power and prestige in the following ways:#

1. Arms Race – most notably build up of nuclear weapons after 1949 – MAD (mutually assured destruction)#

2. Space Race – Sputnik: first satellite to orbit earth 1957, Man on the Moon, Laika#

3. Espionage – CIA vs. KGB#4. Propaganda and rhetoric – Iron Curtain speech, X

telegram#5. Creation of military groups – NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

and economic groups – Marshall Plan #6. Gaining global influence/backyards

SPACE RACE

POST WWII: 
ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR

Tension developed between the superpowers throughout WWII#

During the first two wartime conferences(Tehran and Yalta), relations between the U.S. And the USSR were cordial. Things began to break down by the time the Potsdam conference occurred.#

A bi-polar world emerged with 2 major superpowers – USA and the USSR (Soviet Union)#

While the USA and the USSR never fought each other directly, there were many indirect conflicts called “proxy wars” in which they faced each other. (Examples: Korea, Suez Crisis, Vietnam)

HOW DID THE BIPOLAR WORLD DEVELOP?

Stalin installed Communist Gov. in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland as he moved towards Berlin at the end of WWII#These countries then became soviet satellite states after the war ended,

“THE IRON CURTAIN”

This phrase was coined by Winston Churchill, in a speech he made shortly after the end of WWII. #

He was referring to the fact that eastern Europe was controlled by the Soviet Union, and under communist rule.#

Berlin was also divided into West and East – even though the city was located in the Soviet sphere. #

The countries in Eastern Europe were controlled by Soviet dictators and military troops, and were forced to

MAP OF EUROPEIRON CURTAIN

The division of Berlin and the Berlin Wall would become one of the strongest symbols of the Cold War

CHURCHILL’S SPEECH

CHECKPOINT CHARLIE; THE WALL

FALL OF THE BERLIN WALL AS SYMBOLIC END

COLD WAR MILITARY ALLIANCES

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)#

Provided for the collective security of Western Europe against the threat of Soviet invasion.

The USSR created the Warsaw Pact in 1955 to counter NATO

AMERICAN POLICIES

Truman Doctrine (1947): belief that the spread of communism must be stopped through the policy of containment. #

They also believed in “domino theory” – if one country falls to communism, all of the surrounding countries will become communist#

leads to American involvement in Korea & Vietnam#

Marshall Plan (1947) is a European Recovery Program#massive investment of US$ in rebuilding European economies to

DOMINO THEORY IN ASIA

The Cold War “heats up”

What triggers the escalation

1. 1949 – The USSR detonates their first atomic bomb, the USA and Canada now has to fear a nuclear attack

2. 1949 – The Chinese Communist revolution takes place and Chairman Mao becomes leader of China. Almost 2 billion communists now in the world

3. Soviet spies are discovered in Canada, USA and Great Britain

The Creation of the United Nations

¡ Created in 1945#

¡ International agency that would prevent another international conflict = the idea of collective security. #

¡ Not a perfect system#

Communist Witch Hunts

¡ Witch hunts led by CIA and FBI in US

(McCarthyism) and Canada

¡ Communist Spies (Alger Hiss, Gouzenko Affair)

are discovered in Canada, USA and Britain

¡ Fear and paranoia affects everyone

The Gouzenko Affair

¡ Read over the section in counterpoints about the Soviet spy ring discovered in Canada and the beginning of the Red Scare in Canada(pg 131 - 132)

¡ As a result of the Red Scare, RCMP carried out illegal and secret inquiries regarding potential communists in Canada

¡ Potential immigrants were denied entry to Canada and members of the communist party were deported

¡ The Red Scare was much worse in the United States under the direction of Senator Joseph McCarthy – “Goodnight and Good Luck”

Nuclear Arms Race

¡ As both superpowers developed nuclear capability, tensions continue to grow

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Canada is stuck in the middle of

nuclear warhead stockpiles

How does Canada respond?

Places Distant Early Warning Line Stations ( Line) in Northern Canada.#US and Canada form NORAD (North American Defense Agreement) Gets involved in Korea. #Avro Arrow –Canada builds warplanes in the 1950s. #Plan eventually scrapped and many felt Canada had lost chance as technological leader during the Cold War. #Many political debates occur over whether following American foreign policy is making us safer, or more at risk of going to war

Atomic Café

One of the defining documentaries of the 20th century, THE ATOMIC CAFE (1982) offers a darkly humorous glimpse into mid-century America, an era rife with paranoia, anxiety, and misapprehension. Whimsical and yet razor-sharp, this timeless classic illuminates the often comic paradoxes of life in the "Atomic Age," while also exhibiting a genuine nostalgia for an earlier and more innocent nation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOUtZOqgSG8

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOUtZOqgSG8

How Did Propaganda Films Help to Prolong the Cold War?

Propaganda was used heavily by both sides to convince the

public that:

1. A real enemy existed that wanted to attack their society,

their way of living, and their well-being

2. Ironically, the opposing side’s way of life was one filled with injustice, evil, and a lack of

morality

3. Media was the dominant place in which propaganda was

disseminated

HOMEWORK

Check website for the rest of the powerpoint, and complete these notes.#

Read up on: Korean War, Suez Crisis, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Vietnam War in your textbook and/or student workbook:#

p. 138 – 146 in textbook#

p. 118 –– 124 in student workbook: