a special double

8/14/2019 A Special Double

1/64A SPECIAL DOUBLE ISSUE EDITTON! A MONTH'S WORTH OF ESSAYS TO READ A DAY AT A TIME.


2/64

TO YO[-JRDAYWORK OI-J-I

k the view of the moiority olwoys right?

"/

(on o belief in lhe supernoturol besusloined in our modern world?

The pen is mightierthon the sword.(on wriflen longuoge reolly beso powerful?

Tfiere is no such lhing os lu*.People determine lheir own lives.Do you ogree? (Ver. 2)

Should poorer counkies develop theirlourisi industry when lhe bosir needs o[fieir own people ore nol beinq met?

There h no surh fiing os luck.People delermine fieir own lives.Do you ogree? (hr. l)

TheArh mnnot chonge lhe world,butfiey moke it more beouliful.Disruss-

Do lhe post ond presentoffer ony guidonre forthe future?(\,er l)

=SSAYA DAY KEEPSELU=S AWAYff0r0fttDLypqm{rcphr[lk[cdw(onnoir


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BNOADER PERSPI(IIVIS IS PUBUSHED BY SCHOOI OF IIIOUGHI420 orfi Bridge Rood #06-27, orfi Bridge(enlre,Singopore 188721 wr,vv.srhoolof thought.rom.sghl:*65 6334 87/3. fox:*65 633/ 2434

suBt(RtPTto naTEt lot 2008542 ll2 issues,lonuorylo odobetforsubsriplionenquiriei0nd b0rkissues,emoil:

brooderpersp*tives@srhool-of'thought.rom

should o $ote hove o righ toodions 0f people within ils

Mos produdion inevitobly meonso loss of aoftsmonship ond quol y.

How imporlont is o sense ol hi$ory inshoping the future ol Singoporet mciety?

the pod ond presentguidonce for the future?

2)

hlhishue in your society?

(ver. l)The onlyworthwhile form ofdiscipline is selliisripline. Disrus.(t/er. 2)

THI BROADEN PTRSPEC'IVIS TIAIIItdii0r-in.$ief Elirobelh (on, [email protected]

Cre0live Dir0d0r Shi0cYin (uik, yin@rdool-of$ought.(om501".s & Sub5(riplions M0n0ger Yee Tong, yee@rthool-of'thought-romConlribuling lrl/rihrs J0s0lin B0u, Chi0 H0ng (e01, L0rmine Leo,lh0ng Ruihe, Xu Xiuuen, SohWeiiie

YopWoon Keot, Mor(usI0n, (he,,vYil/vei, Amellio Rozok, Eloine tow,lluho Yumn Eilyooslntern Amelli0 Rozok Prinhr lobez hinting House

Sole Dislribuior nighleous lntemolionol 5ubs(rhlion Servi(er7l l.,bi(renenl #05{9 singopore 4085/1, hl:d5 63231833.f 0r *65 63231838, em0il: mi([email protected]

Tlre only worthwhile lorm oldiscipline is selfdisdpline. Discus.


4/64

-r\ 't

!

-n contemplatrng the questron ot what rs nght and wrong, rt

I is not merely a question of facts that are thrown around toI substantiate one's case. This discussion would inevitablyI concern the philosophical study of ethics (morality) thatI- deals with the good and the bad, the just and the unjust, thequestion of right and wrong, and the sociological take on public opinion.

CREDIT/

while the questions of "right" and "truth"have lons been interminsled with relision, itis nor dacdy pcrtincni to discuss rhe religiorlsvicws on this loni., sinm thc Weslcm b'adirionof philosophy has souaht to senarale cthicsfrom Cod since Plato in fourth-century B,C.Greece. This ethical quesiion on norality e'ill beaddressed indepeDdently of assunptions on tliccxisicncc of a highcr bcing and wbat ihis cniitydecrees- Thus, onc could possibly affroach it fromrh" .so ar,s-". .\F rldio ,J I p.. .1 a .ncip.j I.ethically right", a d the lopular opinion is al$aJ!Ifyou agrecd with John Stuart Mill, you wouldprollaDly rhink rhc Iirst statcmcnt ro llc

correct. X'lill asserted that the actions oDe orght topedorm in a giveD sihation rre those that prcnote"thc greatest good for tlie greatest Dunber". In apcff.ctly dernocratic socicty i{hoc thc lcadc$ act asir,tr'r.rp,ld.l,grr '. m a.r ,I rl.Ir.f, a , \,i,\circonstituents, sociel!-' sould Iale little reasor forconflict {ith thejr leadeB, fostedng peace dnd stabilib,.In this Darrowsense- it wouki seem thrt such auc$'holds trne. Holrclcr. ihe truth is thai nostB^\.nn,.rt.Jr'i aa .-,. . ,ir-. ,dh)J..rlir olof a fe$' ket.' figLrrcs that more often t|an not areinte.ested in adlancinit lheir own selfish agendasrnder the p.etnce ol promoting lhe publjc 8ood.From many of the pork ba.rel riders thatcomc aitached to legislatioD bills to be ntified to sencthcntcrcstsofthcArnericmpublicintheU tedStatcs,

Is the view of the majority always right?.{

1f,

n contemplating the question of what is right and wrong, itsubstantiate one's case. This discussion would inevitablyconcern the philosophical study of ethics (morality) that


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forcxample, one caD be sure that they are not enft ely1.r'ngt,- l.i'rbl,j.Lr.t b'r,-fi.. \^h.npNpr iqconcenh ated in a certain group of indiv uals. onecannol besLrreifthe dc.rands ofthe ptrblic rrc alwaysfulll nt, elen when thcsc iDdividrals weresaDctioDed by the general public.One is also ewident ofthe ftilures that havestemmcd from "the majority's choice" orendorsenent of ccrtain ideas or people. Theelection of on ol the least ilhlshious presidents ofthe United States, Warren Hardirg, could noihavcbeen morc alt an exarnple. As xlalcol Gladwelldelineated in his book Elink, Wa.reD llarding wnsot pa.ticularly intclligcDt, was a skirt-cluser, a

dinker and toved poker. Despitc his scncral) hnitedi ellecttr:l capicities. he was elecied as thc Presidertof the United states sinply because he looked like|or{ a frcsident ouglit to look lilie. The conventiondlegates and sirnilarl], thc voteN, thought llardingwho "radiated connron sensc and digDitl" r!2s thepefe.t candidate. Wann Hading did not coDtributearything substaDtial to the lresidenc), and dicd twoyears into office from an unerpected snoke.Hislodans agrccd that he was "ore of the lrors!presidrts in Arnerican history"- Lok can certainl)-n. dr, ri\ ins dF\p lF tot'u-ir aprl- . ,d 1 n .- 'lBesides, whar happens when adheringto thcmajolity opinion means that the minoritymayhave lo desetrhcir ghts of"life,libertyud prEsuit of happiness"? The cas. of the TanilminorityleNus the SiDhalese maiorily in Sri LaDkahas starkcd naDy civil tensions nnd conllicts as thcitolernmentis dccisions leaDed Dlore and moretowads the Snrhalcsc majoi\'. Are the Tanil Tigerswrong thn, to fight for cqual treatneDt bl theso\erDneDt? ShoukL they be dubbed tcrrorists at dl?Wlilc thc so\rDlmeDt ald the Sinhalese people wouldcetainly cxfound oD the Tamil Tigers'acts ofchaos.nd Lroh1.F,1lr.1.d nI so, i-b. sr,.'nnol ror .prla'ragree totally $i th then as thcy too riolated tlie li{martrights oftheir lello$' coDnirlmcn. Ii becomes neretyraDDv wlien these rights are denicd, eyen ifsomehow ihe ru]e ofutility lbr socielv is achicvcd.

In viesing the question from anorher arale,ir is cven easier to see how the majoriryaryumcni fails ro hold. Ifthjs rvere to Lre lrue, $ewould still be.lieve that thc constellations $.ere GodsaDd Cloddesses riding on thcir chariots across the sky(according to ancient E$,rptian cosmolosr) or thatihc Earth r{as tlie ceDter ofthe univerce. Aftcr all.such belicfs and opinions woukl have been tme (bypopular consensus of our forefathers) siDce the Greekscame op \ith democracy; therel\'ould have been noneed to chalLenge AristotcliaD thcoies or evenDescartei fotrndntionalism. \\4ry, t{c should snnplyFnrhr,.. r|c i.le,s onr .n.estors believed in anduphold thesc thcoics as the uDivrsal lnws oflife

But tlrc fact that we know now - widr empiric:evidence - that the sta.s a.e massive. lminousbals ofplasma, and that the Earth is achallythe "rhird rock from the srn" is due to thefact rhar opinions change in the face ofcompelling new knowledse. ofteD, suchkDo$ledge about oLrr world docs not come f.om aDe$'najoity of people who agree on thcm but a, e, " I drqdua nr.nLJl.ru u ul in,lirC ril.. I'J1qrbrought us thc concept ofDatuml slection, GregorMendel the theory ofinhitablc iraits in orgxnisnsand Albert Itinsiein rhe law of rclatirity thatchrlleDged Isaac Ne$ton s law of uriversalgmvitation. ID the face ofne$ knoi{ledge brorghtaboui bv nc$ tcchnolosies ardpeoplewlo darcdtochallense longstaDdiDs coDcepts, it js often themajority thnl is nrade io rc cyalute their opinions,and not the otherway around.

\\ iril l t\ l), "lll.rl il r',\ ' I " l\ ' r\l', ttl'l.rrr,l 'rlt;rl r i-l,t r: : ,t',al\vlrvs l)e l)ol-liiliLi' tjris rlrioiei l)l,, ll\1,,-l,.rrlll r'.-.l'-..'ll lSucCjllCtll'. \\'hile risht and wrons may seemsubject to circnnNtance, tlier are cefain princi csin the world \fiose tNth or falsehood is notdetermined bt-'$hat th. najorjg decrees. tsl that,rve can be sure that it is not always, if ever, that thernajority is risht. (t

03 BR0AD'R PIRSPIOIVIS r/lc.ssot/ isslc


6/64

IM CECREDIT/

WEEI(OOIDAYOO2

/'t\ \'r,rll, ,,elief, in the modernworld, is derivedfrom the pillarsof the age ofEnlightenment-

logic and empiricism. Science andtechnology have convinced usinto believing in scepticism andsternly disputing anythingthat cannot be explained rationally.Hence, in order lor lhe belief inthe supernatural to exist in themodern world, let alone besustained, it must be understoodfrom a scientilic outlook. Yel, this

may undermine the meaning ofthe supernatural as it is after all beyondthe understanding ofthe natural sciences.

Can a belief in the supernatural besustained in our modern world?

Thc supernatural lras once considemd sinply as as)stenr of rituals or an accepted cunosi\. thai hapFnedro LrF i r ,l I:rlpln u hl- r'"r'l qr ri. HosFv"_. iithe mode.n rvorid, it is a causc of mysterl orcontroversy. ModerDitr djsDcls the suDernatural inmaDy obvious rrays, slowly edgins out it ofsocjal lifea.d ihe future. I-hc tloclcrn rvor'ltl'smain fbi ce ol ciiscorn'agiug bcliclin ilre supernatuial is sin:plv,moclcln iilestrle.Man's technologicaly advded world and fast,paced lifestyle does not allow room forsustaining the belief in rhe supernatur{I.

moderD world. This is due to the sreater scope forhuman $ime. There are tlieves, nurdercrls, rapjsts,pedophiles, terrorism aDd $'arfare to replace

Rarely is there tine to dwell on questions aboot theafierlife due to tlie hectic nature and concerns ofthenoden globalised worid. Compared to the sheltercd,.ri,liriurJl.orln,r,ri,.wi,h o.alJ"dp "bl,rl rrthe pst, therc arc many and fal greater $odes nr ihe

the incorporeal as modern sources ofterror. arnnyGctles Us,,l is a ps]'cholosical drriller that exemplifieshow movies today find plenty of fear to n 1e frommodern situations. The supematural is a thing oftheold and ihe afterlife too vague ' there is no iime towory about it antway. The nodeD world will onlybe concerned about the strpernatural if it isdetrimental to the progress ofthelivins.


7/64

TUITljRIWATIII3 RTTOMMINDID TV SHOlivSAI{D BOOl{S tIIITRID O|lIhISUPIRIIATURAI

What is more, educarion eradicates anypossiblc belief in the supernatrual. It teacheschild.en to quicldy recognise the fake cosiumes ardnakerp shosts rvear in movies, and has bccome ar,:jur .paro dr.h'liP. P'r''normdl rcr.\'l) r'cr?lained away \ith logic no natter how challengnrgihc ose. An appadtion is a fi$nent ofihe imaginationand lossession, a reactjon possibly caused bydementia. Shdies in psycholosy and the humaDbrain rationalise the more dillicult paranormalactivities e\peicnccd by people. llducation prclides? puJlu red.o1.ro'\.l.ir {i):n.on\i ral.rP. rnihe rational rvorld. Exposure to formal educaiionhas caused our instincts to rnistrust the incredibiestories ive hear. It is casiel to lccel]t.rtiralrlitl|'Iit r\l,c l.rlr" Tllrillitlrriiorr,rlertrnIi,,tt' -lt, lr,1.. lr i' l.feiu'. and r'Ic loticisl raLiicr asrcrl lrciurl o(cllffenccs. iurd theIIt,,r1r'II \,Irtl(l t- \\' lIc{ll!|lrl,' ai Illfir:riing lreilns lot tiLith. lrl!,tt,r:tr, t\. T1r".nndFl, \ur d .at"8uar,l.the scDsibilities and progress ofhlnan life in thisThe supernatural is instead shoved into theentertainment $'orld. The nedia plays lith ourdoubt ofthe supernatural by portrai'ing it as licLion.Sutcrnatural occurences are pla]'ed out in stories,tales or movies - $'ith exaffiemtion to inciie fear andanticipation. Films such as the ltorcisn o/E rilyRose highlight this by shoNitrg trv.r opposing vie$storva.ds the supernatural. The audience may fretover the conpelLing explanatioDs for the exorcismbut davs later, after having bccD thrown into lhebustle and monotony ofdaily life. thcy will elentudLyforget aDd disniss it as r oment of fcar orirrationalitv. Tic step iDto a world wherc thesupematu.al can possibly exist is sirnply a so ofconrcident hit and tniss occrrrence: one does notlinserlons eDougli in it to believc-Perhaps the only way a belief in rhesupematural can be sust{ined in modcm lifeis tlmush religion. Abclief in(fudandthealie ifeis ablc to lea.l to a belief in thc $pematural. Howeler,

haviDs a belief in Cod does notnean one willbe ableto explaiD away every strange haptcniDg as a matterolsupernatural phenornera. One tries to use reasonto find an e\taDation and blanes Cod oniy when hecaDnot llnd any. u41cD this li.rppens. the supcnuturalrenains a nys(e ous Dhcnonena and nol a tari ofthe natuml world order. ODe does not quite Ino$'hhrr rn h,l,.\, ,l i.nor1sce1Jna.-hcbel:efinthesun siDg the net morning it is simply a natterof acceptance wiihout uDderstanding. Pcrhaps theonly people who honcstb believein the supematualare those $ho study parapsycliology and such.Thc supern{tural it secms, has an inverserelarionship wirh time and modemity. ,{s theilorld progresses, it leaves behind seerninsly illosicalbeliefs. Elen if therc aerc technolo&v allowing us toshrdy souLs instead of hrman bodies or detemrine ifthere $'as life after death, this $'oukl take years orevcD decades to accomplish. Itscems inpossibletodeternrinc the existeDce .)1 lhe supcrDatuml. Couldscience real\'ansi{er the fanous qLtestion of $'hetherthere is life alier deaih? The answer,I an surc, willcause ficsh controversy in tl n ti,tu.". ,l llert ifthe cxislelicc of Ure slrpernatnlalis lrloycl, it loirici bc lr:naniedarld Ieciitssilicrr' its silille olhcl('rlrtl)|t,,II, {i - tr-rlllirl cl'lllThen we can easily asscrl, there is no such ihirgas the supernatu.al it is simply another scientificoccu encc in ioday's modernworld. at

I EUFfYTHIVA PIRI StAYfRlhe be9!n lh. 'rcnd olrelevi5lon shows tuor!r (Jhe!rifui eodins vomen, h prepo'res ord p ol3 oboundrigwlrr Ne tro wm!]rcs, wllltwse{o lsj Mdpodoi!ro k .\!oroobe5lks cnafined o d!kphric filcyu'5 lll///iglrl0 mrr

'orhtr srord d(jne

2. THI HARRY POTIIR siCI11svcr hoi ll drlldref s {idiorerier qenefthd 50 muronrrolerly lrd 50 n(r robldoffDrlion. k DumbhdoBeolygoy? l! ilwrori! h pliDr mlmosi(o hunr{rn! os borirlg mdprclud(ol) tuf llds 1e lrhed fferen(e? \1o5 (ifq'5 tro$ oeprerfl rrrrion of Heolen? tukc0r vord lorlt Dm'r iunwoidrhe nrovier. Reod tE srsmddiiover fre dor! rvrish mdr!ns $ljr ordde I ( Rowirs o

3.TfltXrtrsUlherher il w6 thr iolol 0errrtorlirs*d enrrcd on olis((jNptoriej m lk rcmoili(rerxior belven the lvo 5e(r1oqerr !'olosoniii {$c be ieveiJ'1! der ond rhe {{prk ku ly),Xlllervlisodovrri\lfiioryo!o (urdsjkmysond ro5ror lrok m iermr of tuhurol

05 8R0A0[R P[RSP[OII/[! ffie c.$dv,.ssrc


8/64

rffii,i rlr;l . }!irill!i

The Arts cannot change the world,but they make it more beautiful.Discuss. /, s, ir,,. .

rtists fight an uphill battle, trying to convince the restof modern society that there ls a point to their work.Compared with financial wizards, lawyers, activists,teachers and politicians, artists seem almost deludedand arrogant about their ability to reshape the world.

How can a iwo dimeDsioral piece olpainted canvasor a nere song overcom ou. biggest p.obleDs? ToJoe Average, untotrched br art theoies and uDmovcdbr academic .hetodc, rrt is mere adornrncDt to bchung on a pristine galierv \.all and norhiDg else.of coursc, many examples of artisticexpression stem from nothing morecomplicated than ar artist's desire to capturcand immortalise u instance of beauty.

lir \ t' \" t.r .l , 1111' r iL,, ,l 1...,1 r l,,,rli,. ilr: r,, -rir,, r,iiliirel tluur ii pl:r'1-icuilir nrollilrli i,,' (\{t{, 1r t,l ii , itl(1,l/ler}iiti._1.

Aut $'hile thel do Dot overtlln ou. wo ds, thcsc wortsr" ol. .rlg ln. .r '_l \.r 'J- .en,p. Jr'C .p_al\ Fr ntor hcariDg thcn gives us an lncanny sense ofsatisfaction and happiness. Piet llondrian s deceivinglJsimple ca.lases ol clean black lires rnd blocks ofprimar-' colours capture the cool berurr- oforder andslstems. Claude Nlonet s inpressionistic dcpictionsof sun-daprled churchcs, rratcr Uly ponds and rilell]rcmiDd us to celebrate the beauly ollight on [arth.Chopnls noctuDesa iculatesweet ess ir melmcholy,\,lozart ushers in elega ce and vilakli recreates thejoy ot 1or r seasons withni the confines of ou lirmlt.stlivhg .oons. ID brinsila momenrs of simplcsensor) pleasure inio orr lives, ir is evenpossiblc to arsuc that this kind ofart changesourworld in a million tinv ways.CRIDI T'l


9/64

Bnt bcyond thc cclebntion ofbeaut), {rtistshase madc thc captu nA of Truth thc raison.l'et c ol artasrlcll. ADd in the reverling of TNllrin thelr wo ,s. some adisls hale c|ossed lhe lineL a . , , ir..r .'r' ,l F ,l lu'ai,.l '. i,thc Deed to preseft such beautr. or fight against theuglin.ss in thc $r)rld thrt thrertcDs to oreni'heln it.B\ doing so. t|.ir works inadlcft.ntll cross ovcrlro.r .r,rli.it passile obsenaiions ollhe lvorld t.ibtigalj!E acLi\.e rhange jn the No.ld. l his is hesLseen in tire worlts ol nrlists $ho set ouL Lo crealemNstcryiecesforreligiousor!oliticalpurposes.Thedcs'rc tc tmicst agairsi pcrccivcd socn!|oliricalpmblcnrs .nd ,dvocrt. good lilnrg.rc.tcd. ivhol.genr ol tuusic l{ror!. as prulesl so.gs. Bob l\'lr. st] ..ri ,1, ,,it.1 l\1. \i.'U r rr/,i. tl, J,Jaln , JohD LeDnon s "1rr?g;re 'rnd Kanle Wen's''Dnrrmndsr!,,.sierrd aeonr" combine music{l.fistn and Dr.annrgiLl l)ics with ! call for lcoDl.lo slrnd uf ior thc toildl.ss. Fonnd sla\'. tladc.JoIn NeNlotr s rvell lored .t,krzir./ Cr(cc- is a.eteDul Fmiraler to allto rclorowledge oDe s blindnessn) one s onD $'(mg.ioirg.In a bidto chaDgc mindscts aDd rcshapc thcrvorkl, somc arrists crcatc hold picccs ofworkthat ue deliberatell unpleasanl, consciouslyobnoxious and even doMrisht usly. Byjar iijus oxi ol our tleasrnt relrrie. art can force us toj.ttison our tr.coDccncd hrpp! Doti{ns lbout the,vey lhings ar. in thc i{orldtoda_v xnd shock ns nrtoconfroDtins horiblc' realit!.

not unlilte moden wrr phoioiiraphs $lich glaphieLlvr'.1'J.. { l,.'r lr,, . l r\'.,j.\1..J',r1,btloding aDti Nar anthcm.,lrr.ri.an 1-tir $'as so dlrk

t|11 il was.asiigal.d b! thc Bush admnrisiration,iU lV and rranr, A.re cnns Her Drusic!id.o drifNdNith sarcasti( l]rics thrt atLacLed lhe avrngelDtrican s idea of a sood lite rErirst an outrageo!sbact.lrof ofAsian and lliddlc Eastern war victims,bnhins soldicrs and jorirl Alr.ricND fxshidristrs.I)elinilely, lhe A.ts has iis fair sharc ofirresponsible, untalented or simplyuninterested prrctitioners. lt is thev whormdcrminc thc lalu. of art. rroducins works of!nil.nJn nrediocdq t|rt n.itho clrangc norbcartifiLheirsL, oundirgs. Somelinx's rrlists arc Dlotilai.db\ p.olit ralher Lhan tu.!ose a.d c.eale lvorks l|riwouLd ple{serD undisre.n ins aud ie ce as (l!icllr .rstossiblc. Such thoughtless $orlts do not eDdure tliet.stoftnD.. Thcl maystill invokc niNsome knlci ofsenlimenl or tleasant enough s.nsort'bnzz, bnt thclDever nrake r rerl denl in ,Nr co.sciodsness. lD thc198os. the Sto(k/Ailetr/WaLe. ar p.odu(lion l,ran)i{ere flnous lirr creatiDg monster nn$|, lrils lbr por)siDgcrs \Vr caDnot frnlt pof songs for beirg {hrtth.y arc throivlr'at , inf.ctio$, tuiloldLs trnes i{enll lole todanceto but \!. c.n bc ccfain ihrt iD tlreg.and scheue olLhirus. Bananaranra s llrrus rndKiie s "loconoiion" \!ill rrrobrbl) .erer be mnl,e.llnurgthe most bexutjful nor life chargxrg works ollrt ni thc $uld. Sjmilarl\'. muy lists will not usherto th. No d rcxl chaDgc or b.Nult for thc'ir crc'atiorlsnreeitherprer\'but bhDd (r h Thonus Kink!.tc) orp.o\ ocaLn but u ltimatl) ,nean ingless ( a h tisiic'iDstallatiors of used bedsLeeLs a.d condorns).Aft is too oftcn pigconhol.d rs being self certrel,uDintclligiblc or too fiivolons i{r bc of nse to societr.l1 ls eren more ofi shrm. t|rt maD].dtists fht npto sLereot\'!es lrl creatiJrg rorks thai ar ina.ccssibl.orf].inl) nrdio.rc on all lioDts.

tt{RliTll5:t0! l,10L]iRl.] rilTil.]D50llt ll0i{l{ rlRr P t{t5P0PMr(re505)

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t llt T0Ti] 5l?0 Plr0Tt5Ti0[c5THl,|llllRlD I0 I ll r,'i0RtD

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l.blo Picasso sdarlt nusteJ?iece CreDi.d is an anli Nar s)nrbol..Drorumert thlt pa\s lribule to tli s!lleri.g 01".r . 'J r'r,.,1t l.l.-Ll " ti1 r.r.'nrflidcd b! Nlzi (lcrmtrny dufi1s tlie Sprnish civil\,". 1. g./, I.I, Irr\.d,.,i.r,..r,grie\ ing ricli s and prnjckirs aDi'n.ls, .11 bizad chl^: ,.rl^rr,r-l,Pi u -r ,t,

that itselfwouid certai lr,.rale lhe $o d aDnr.h moE bcartiful flacc.' _ vwv.sprnne'.ft n/200/0/

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10/64

WTEI{OOIDAYOO4

How far should a state have a right tomonitor the actions of people withinits borders? , \,

CREDIT/

very state, regardless of how developed it is, monitorsits people's actions. Be it in the form ofonline applicationforms, marriage cedificates, or even the paper.work forbuying a house, demographics and private informationare filtered and collected by our respective governments.The sratejustiffes such a.tion by claimins it anational security measuq and ir certainly is.wc hale seen cases in Singapore how monito rs bythe lntemal Secu ry Depariment (rSD) has stoppedseveral trrorist activities_ Security experts say thatthe actions ofthe terroists on 9/u could have beenprevented ifthe moritoing of suc| suspects had becnstepped up. However, this act has served as a cabtystto nnprove slobal security. post 9/r1, inteltisencefrom numerous "state spying' programnes havehelped to tip o{f state security, promptiDg counterte.ro sm units in deter ng terrodsm in ourmidsr.l hough the idca ofthe stare monitoring the lives ofits good tax-paying citizens seems preposterous, itcould be beDeficial aDd more scure nr the loDs run.PrivacT is one ofthe key issues in the proresragainst state monitoring - but in today's dayand aae, privacy may be a moot point.Adveftisers mine data fron all channets, Lhetherfrom the Luclt, Drai! coupon you vejNi filied nr, o.the warant, card for your new apptiance. It is Deartyirnpo-ibl",o ti! il rodr) s so.:Fb wirhu, Icavinran infonnation trail or an electronic fbotprint. Welose our privacy 1iom the nomenr we step out of ourhouses and start to intemcr with the wortd.State modtorinA involves rime and moncyaDd high-level clearan(e ftom ttte legislarorsof a country. The everyday Joe xould have tjttle towony aboui just SovemneDt mo roring. Every statehas a rcspoDsibnib' to eDsure that infbrmation coltateil

aboul our p vate lives is not revealed to the mediaor enemal parties- In all practicaiiB., any govemmentwould be adverse to havnis such infomation reveated,as itwould make citizens feel that their rishts werebeing viotated by rhe sane people who swore to protectthem. Also, the alerage person would have ljttlc orno secrets that are damagiDg ro the golernment,unless it cones in the forn ofa potiticai scandal suchas the Eliot Spitzer prostiturion scandat which 1lasexposed by a federal agenc'. Such a scandalwouldtaiDt ihe repDiation of rhe government, and thegovernment has a righi to ensure such mishaps donot happen. However, l.lOt cvt t.vone le:rdSsuch ser rsa Lion:rl livcs. Onil'thccriurinal rvould fcar srrclrsurleillnnce.Some amonasr us may fear the possibility ofinfomation euBeni.s. mucn like rhedysropianscenario in "Futurama,'. pulp fictioD warns ofaooss Llr hr. u re sn-re hugc databa.r" ot irtorn,ltionthat can bc used to classify aDd categodse peopte intosroups, forcibiy assignins peoplc jobs based oDstatktics. all in the name of optimal usage ofrFsuu'.eq. Fear nor. for as tong as countriesallow universal sufftage and debate in rhelesislation oflaws, there wiU not be acrionsas perverse or draconian as theabovementioned. People stilt shape the,{orld ofioday and will conrinue to shape it for the years to


11/64

tUTIURIWAICll

Even predoninantly conservatjve Malaysia had ascrics of citizen protests agaiDst the government sspling aciions, whcrc a Dumber of corples foundbehaling intnnately$re fincd and chastened by thegovernnent for behavins inappropdatcl-v in publicspaces. Moderate Malaysians sre quick io protcstagaimt the abuse of surveillance or the part ofihegovcmnent. The goverDment mat onlyclanp doMon iis citizens as far as the majo.it] will dllorv orjudge

That we can sit happily today dbating thcissues ofthe world is because our governmcnthas done "rhe dirty work" to ensure our safetyand sccurity. So beforc lee throw the baby out withth bathwarerwhilst dcr,ving this iDvasion into otrr! vacy, it is inportant tbr us to rcflcct on thedisastturs possibilities of a terrodst attack on ourcouir,a. WheD we weigh the zealous safesuadins ofthe details of our lives with the possibilily ofsavinsl,\". h.i")1, lu dpr.r..,l.";i|rprhFldlrFr infavor ol the fo.ner. Pcrhaps we reould be able tosleep sounder at niitht withoui ihe thoughts ofthestate watching tour every move, but the pice for ihisshortlived peace of mind is lalid until a tenoistattack. Tlirg lhe alnts o1 r'lrttnaliorr:ri secrrrih'agcrlcJ is ni)t thesnraflcst rvav at cletellirg vlr'.u'nrr:nries-

However, ihc responsibility to protect ourcountry does not lie solely with thegoverrment. Just as the governncnt has aresponsjbilirr_ to ensure national securiry, the Foplcalso liave to reciprocrte. The .ight to privacl nnNtcone njih the rcspoDsibilitt to help saleguard societt .Wc musi also realise that the state does not hare theresources or manfoncr to monitor eadl nldiv ual.Instead, we should be visilant and aware of ourneishbors and report nny abnormal or suspicioDsactivities. h singrpore, vi(leos are aired oD t|e MassRapid T.ansit cariages showing hc,w to.espond to{ n,i.rnu ...rvi.iF.. il},{ rur-.' I:frhelIinjalTected by a biolosical r{eapon. such victeos ensureth 'rnor''o-i, go't r.r.t'la *ri"tjuslU" lun'Jir,ofgovernnrenL age cies alone.In coDclusion, the state has many obligations. andnatioDal securitv ranks ve,r- liighly on Lhe list orprio;tics. while a life of pnvas- js ideal, :r vast anou lofresources and elTort rnust still be spent to eDsurethat nothing illegal or dehnnental io society can becanied ort. Does the state hnve therightto monitorher people's moveneDts? Absolu tely. War s today areDot fought on open battleg.ounds with troopsstanding in straight liDes, but byhidden smaLi grcupscausnrs fear in socicg. We, as citize$, must be willingto give up our privacy to ensllrc thc i{ellbeing of

RHr0n0|l {2007)Bojed or rhs lru{ nory ol(holid t Mo5rl who vosdoporlod 10 trio ond lorl!rod!odulhe mji0ollon of fie tlA,lhl inovie u(or!lome olrhebo5l( ronJrore'sler hhindAmerko! p.o rllre ol exrro

Ho! {or 5hould the nore beollowed ro prcrerl ir! o\,/nriltrenry? Do rhe mo!r rsnobleol meoff tLrnily the iob ed of

D D YOU (I{OllV?

TXTRAORDIllIARY RI|lDIIIONs q rern u$d to de5a be therrrest ond trunslerol o p*son{rom one note lo ororhe' lhitr usurlly done to ollowtuspe.red refforirs h LerroirlerredJerrclt r,ponrsrrountde: vhrch olow honherlflerogririoI elhod! h beu5ed.Ane,iru hos bed (0?dofp'o(ti.ifg $(h 'lo !re byprory'if irs bid ro iq(slrfu

slAt( SlTtS me soel delenrior{entrej or iorerl prisor5r!ptoedlr operckd by theAneri.o r tlA n orjundioir rh Irlefdly [!iopeo] o'Midd e toner {o!nlr s

09 BR0AD[ll PtlSPtOlVtS dtr..vrv b5!f


12/64

Mass production inevitably meansaloss of craftsmanship and quality.he Industrial Revolution did notjust rnark the dawnof a new era offast production and modern efficiency,it also marked the seeming death of an older worldof artisans and craftsmen, made obsolete by thehulking mechanisations that grew from the groundindustrialising state.

Is this true in your society?

of every newlyPeoplc$'|o grenup iD ih. old $.orld,.lislocaled andrloi{jobless lound thcnsches cryins foul rnd Ji,ughtvalia.tly to kccf our lvorld from frogressjrg inrosonretlilg that, to then, seem.d i{rcng. tfwc'couldnot make thiDgs r!ilh ou orqr bare hards then it jNrlid not sccDr horth mldDg.Yct, ourownbarch.ndsi r.. ,, id r, ,, , - ..rt,t . , .o\ i,popxl.tio. and iDcr.asjng global deDuDd tbrgoodsand seNices of all kjnds. lnrreasingly lnregratedma.kets exaccrbaled this siiration, requiriDg us tosirDph rclcnt and gne wayto t|e necssa* clils olniass irroduction. Llut as $'c $'.lch lresentli..nd olco $c nr rclrospect, has rn.ss prududidr firb nreanra loss ol qualitv and .raitsuanshit in lrhar welhe li'ss of qualit) i"d .rafi\mxn\hil) i\perhaps most apparelt when we tuvcl andilevitably encountcr countries thar havecompromised the uniqueness ofthcir localarts and craft by condoniDg and sometimes.\en encuur:'sitrB lhe "rb.production of rcirnative art so that this can bore ndeqratclvmeet thc demandine consumption ol-souvcnirs by the world's tourists. This is lrue'..r ^l\,r ..,|, i.si,rr,n|\..,but also Lhe fire artisan cratt produccd nr \,VesternF.uro!e. SiDgaporc is no differdrt and il roo is guilB,ol the srmc frncLice. As an aflordable kccpsatchowevcr, the sou\enir is understaDdabtl nr.rssproduccd, and ilonld naturall! also not caDr, Lhe

h.a1a trice tag tli{t coDr.s Nith Drost harh uniquernrl-\ol ,'r.. 1I, rr,r..t u lr..,, r r. 'r."r ir r1Singapore, and dre rest ofthe \o d for rhat natt.r,is theEjn mostiv ineyitable as mass prr&rction almosralwrys b Dgs costs doi{n, rDd t|erLre stals wirli.reach ofdre rrficaltouisi |ocker.Qulity does not hovcver, always fall once we\larl lo nrrs\-Iro(lu.F Suods. \1 ..1u l'. ,Iis recessrn ftr alDost all btrsinesses thesc davs.especixlly i{ilh the need to.\pand busin.sses,fraDchiscs oretend th. salc ol goods to intcDarionalm kck. with this cxfansion coDres thc need toproduce rnore ofth. same good for dishiburion- butlvilh it al$ comcs an onus for thcse compaDies tot,r "l I, r.,,d. ^ rr.. ,.,, .1.,.. {,, t. It.\.B.roprofit motivrled, it is iDe\itabl. that rcnpanicswouldensur. qnnlitr control clcD rs Lhey nass froduce.Takc oxr local chanr of food naoulichuiDg, Okl ChalsK, .'^ Lt.'rr.- ft, r. . . ., n,oh. . .ru,.,.. i, Iof lbodstuffs iras lept consistent .tuality rncl haseaued a solid rep!tation of bcinil a succcssfullianchis$ iI the region as Ncll as Sirgrtorcs mosipr)misnrg brand. It is nrevitable that $rccessfilicompanies wjll e\eDtually nrass prodncc, but this doesDot equate to aD inevilable loss ol qrrliti.'I hisfactis also true dueto thc halure ofnuwproducts that we producefreqrcnrlyin lhis age ()f irnb.matid). The saleof k.o$'ledse, ideas aDd opinioDs has recenttv


13/64

ttrlRN lHlS:r,lftLRt5Pt(IID fi0DtRl.]ERAIIOSII{DTl]I Ri\iltTt0i.tD PR0DUtT5

boomed with the rise ol the l ler.el as a Drerns ofc\torting these goods efficienlh ard chenplt.SiDgrlorcans halc positioDed theD$elves wellat theIorelront of this groi{ing industr! rs con Lltants,publishers.rnd research.r's. Yct, d.spjtc the hugespeed and rolune ol how ouriltbmration is lroduccdaDd dist.ibuted unolgst all corners olthe $o d,t|c1L \l' r'n, .r' J.l' '.','.'.rhirlu, r'.'riu,i'qualiq does not dip in bcing copied, ernailed or bu.nlorl{r ddles globally.lvlass frod ction mrcly DieaDsa loss oJqualilr'or crattsmanship in the digital age,rlthough it c.tn unibrlunalely lead to a loss of

tn te.estingly cnorgh, even qualitycraflsftanship caD bc prcscned dcspite areleDtless mass production of Aoods. IIostshoplnrg malls througho!1 lhe lvo d rre becomingiDcrcasirslr homoseneous, $,jth tanriliar brandsoNning up flagship stores iD these conpleres. Yet,this does .ot trevdrt ihc modcrn coDsumer fronindjrgptuducLs Lhal arehigh qraliq. Applc comprtc'.rn{de x Dame foriLsellas beins r uniqrc and starklydiflercrtixted prcduct des!ite t he prcdu.t iiself bcinglrass ptlduced. Gucci rDd Prada still sell lneir soodsat prcmiun p ccs d.spitc' seveml thousands ol thesa re product bei.g mass pro.llrced in ubiquitouscnin. -.,,roi- srg,,^r",r .l.r . ir,d t1,i..triDciple weLl, rnd hrs likervise suptortcd localphtcchDics aDd designers in nr.rkinp,lheir mark onthe dcsign sccnc. These dnrs, it is the unquely c.alledprodrd that is ironicaliy ud inevitably nassUnfortulately, this algument can ooly crtcndso far as re are still uttimately d iscussi ng rhcnass prodrctioD of goods. We have let to discussLhemass troductioD of ourseNices ardworklorce.ndtrcation isan al|i nrdrich challcDges cortnNa )arise. The success ol lhis secLor is obriouslr cNcialio thc coDtinued production oi a brillirDt .ndinnolativc ilo.kforce. The p.oduction ol sLLrdenlsthroush rctc lca.Dirg aDd constant drilliDg ol thesane exad lechni.lucs froduccd a $orldorce suitrblefor the labou. intensivc, trimarv prcductio.industLies in ourearlv economv, bxi failcd to produc.r'l lr.' Ji.Iir;,.'| ,F'.l" ,, ^d.'nuch mor.comFtitite nurket. Mrss lroducLion ola trodJorce r.sultcd n a loss of niqLreness anrooitsL

snrgaforcans rrho hck hdivnlual opi|ions and th.daring to bc tmlv iunvatii or eDt.epreneurial. Ourwor'l(lbrce c.n still bc said to possess exceptioDalqualiLy lo. norv. but nr a $'o d that iDcreasiDglydefiDes quality b) sland.rds of nr!ovation, oureduc{tion systern needs 1r, produce mor. Lmi{tuclicr!ftc.t nrdiriduals through a systen tiral is used toDroducnrg qualitl r.Dlicas.Mar's nascenl gro$-th in biocnainee ng alsoseems to foreshadov d isturbins rrcnds thatcould bring ne$ implications to massprodrctidr. NIan s coDtiNjng quest lo betterI ","1',/.io,r,l ril .1,,.[r'i-r .]b' 'uripa!d thre is constant dcbatc ovcr the possibleeDgnlee.jng .,1hu.rars desfite cuncnt bans on aD)such reserrcli. The ensunrg,trulils brought about bIihc achal success ofNch ersnreering olhLrmrns $illb. asiotrndnrg aDd is rerson enough to believe Lhatt]ris debatcnill notstop atjNtthe ethicaL boundarte4rere it cu e.lly siards. Singaforc for rll itspmgnutisDl will lilely engage in such rcscarch asserD by its alrerdy pioneering research in humaDthcrapeutic cloDiDg. Should {e ;rdeed lentur. iltothc rnass froductjdr of the world's mosl uniqLreeniil!, the |uman,I bclicve we rvill nldeed experience.' rr.'.i, l, o'. i4 ,, r I rt n\, r ', , l , p' r'-i\'to be a better.tualily huntan.Ilass productidr js not necessarily a bad thing. ODrper.civcdloss ofcmfLsmanship ud quaLity is pe.hapso\erstaled and thc samc old argunents frorLunemployedcraflsnran and tjsrnsmayneedtoberccoDside.ed. certainlt- lbe old wo d cha.m of xsnrglcbakcr oler his stove, ora blacksdilh clangingon his aDvil is lurdl} r sight we wjil see loda!.ln repla.crncnt wc havc a Der\' \rorkl \rhirh is lrotnecessarilir b.ttcr, but for that mrtter, aLso notDecessa! ilv rlo.se snrce t|c nccd for mass prcductionofgoods at least sigrjiies incr.is.d wcalth anDngmosi teople of the earth, $ith a continncd.ommitmcnt to keep as much qualil!.rndcratismanshif $ much as we can. lt is o ly whenrrethods ol mass production arc usrd to p.oclucehunLans. the most unique.rcation thus irr, that nassproduction can nldeed beconrc.!il. I for onexo ld Devcr wish to $,itness that in mr'countl-a, or

APPII ffibl/g

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14/64

Howimportant is a sense ofhistory in shaping the future ofSingapore's society?

Ascnsc of historl is consquentlyextrenel) irnpoftaDtnot jrst for thc ituliridu!l but rnl nltion such asSinsrrorc for as }Iachi.lclli oDcc said, l\'lnrcvcrs ishes to lorese the lirl!re .rlsl .onsult iI. t.st.'the lLrture ol aDv state, its (ono.)ic success orotheNise, is then.lependent on its lnroilledge of lhe

Pcrhaps thc nosr impofiaDt rcason $'hyposs.s\inB a \cn\c ol histor] r.mairsimperali\ e for Singnl)ore \ fulure I'ro8rc\\ i\the need to establish a sense of nationalidcntitt. llistoN {Dd citizenship are ifteNoren

ince the start ofcivilisation, Manhas always beenfascinated with hisown origins andbeginnings. Thepractice of rituals, customs andtraditions all enact a necessary

remembrance of a culture's pastand serve to commemorate asignificant event in time and spacethat needs resurrection for as long:rs the comrnunity survives. Theseacts of historical recollection arenecessary for history is intimatelytied to one's sense of identity andone's cultural placement in thescheme ofthings.

igloralce ol o.\ nalionaL hislor\ rveaken! oDe sse.se ol ciLizenship. ,\ nation js a coNru.it) slia.edLJr.prl.i,!' .l/ 11 \:nL !'r r. l.' ! -l'.rf la + ..{,,J1.,,\. i",..p.'r ,lr .lndi.. ard thc llalaI P.DnNulN alrcadr iDdi..tcs.ljrolenrial Jbr liagmentrtioD xnd dnision. lo oeate Ii rf ilJ, r-"ih r "S g't ', r "and to subseq!enlly prog.ess inlo lhe lilure Dot {sditerse ethnic coin ru.ilies bul asonepeople. asenseol.onrnr.n hisnr\ is.e.essr,1


15/64

It can be arArcd however that nationalidentity need not be built on the past but solelyon the present. 'l'he plescnt rcaliiies of rapidecoDoDric gro\th, lechrological advancement andmodcrn lifcst\']e defi! the Singapore now and theSjnsaporcto come. Yet aswe progrcss. the necd todefine a Singaporean identity in an age ofslobalisation becomcs more prcssing. r'hegovermnent has ahvays recognis.d this and as suchcmphasised nNlticulturalism as a distinctive featureof Singaporc's histo.ical naffatiYes. Ir has alwats laidenphasis onthe experience ofSingaporeans as oDcleolle in its birth as a nation ard in the lrials andtribuhtions ol nation building. HistoicaL accountsof wartime xperiencs also Dndoscore the sutreings. l' ,Tunp'uplFi,C nol a'd\"r'"".r1r,..evcncnces. -^s such, Snigaporei socio cultural tuture

as a nation of multicultu.aL peoples coexistinghnrlnoniouslyfor the bettermert of sociely mn


16/64

\trttli 001 SAY 001

Should poorer countries developtheir tourist industry when thebasic needs of their own peopleare notbeing met? /rr, !, 1

We did not realise it then, but nt' friends and I \rein faci taking part in an industry that is at the centreof fierce debates among economists aDd politicians.The questioD, ifwe had seen it, was $'hether poorer' oun,nc. \hou d q.l.orn" n'r-i.lslkFL! rlolr1er-1id\la.a rean' olcol rbul rI o^\"-rl-..o,,nmi,development, or ifthey should concentnte on firstmFrlrnr rhF bas:. nFFd. of rhFir pFo.,lp bpforp mxl-nBambitious plds for the ecoDony on the macro level.

t could have been a scene out of any Lonely Planet traveldocumentary. The fire crackled in the cold night air as ourguide and his helpers deftly prepared the sardines, the bread,the mint tea, while the three of us young tourists huddledtogether, savouring the experience of camping out in theorocco - my first experience oftourism in a developing world.Iahara. MPHOTO CREDTT/PHOTOCREDT'ry It is a difficult qucstion, rlartly becausc it Dosesa false dilemmar eitl'er develop the tourisrindustry, or provide for the basic needs oftheordindy people. This fails to corlsicter the possibilitythat developing the totrrist tudustry might be a means

by which thcsc basic nceds - food, hons s, hcalthcarecan be meL Once this possibiliB' is raised, it bccomes"\1rFnt Ll dL Fl\ Food l,.dcr.hrL'. caretui! anningand a strong enough will, tourism can actuallycontribute signjficantly to a couniry's conomy,


17/64

DO TH I,PIAll TO I.5 TADI!/iIi]P Nlj IOL]NTltYa u stt r0!/T rfY ri[I

rnd tire res ting benefits caD be distibnted so as tobcncntordinaf-locals.OfcouNc, thcre is no auaranree *ratrourismrvill improve the lot ofthe common peopte.One of the most common objectiors to tourisDldevelopDrent in poorcr countries is that the p.ofitsgelcratcd cithcr do not stay iD thcsc countrics, orend u! benefiting only t|e co+orationsihat run ihelourisn industry. ln Ghana, lbr example. l]re feescollected bycastles and othe. locrl attrnclions nroitltaccrue to the certril governmert instead ofthe l.rcalsin dre area. Kerya, one oftlie lnican courlties rvhichhas bccn fairl] succcsstul in dcvcloping itstouismjndusi.y, faces the sane p.oblern. Despite iourisrnbtrrgils largest source ol ibreiBn erchange releoue,most ofthe profits gene.ated bl its rlildlife .esen esgoes to the luxury lodges, foreign tour opentors andtraDsport costs. The tourism industry is toodelcndcnr on seasonal demand, and maytherfore be unsuirable as the sole income'generating activity for poor households.lnotherproblen is that the indtrstry is particularl)'depeDdent oD market forces and e\te.n{l demand.In thc clcDt of crisis sii ati{rns such as severceconomic doMtunrs, or glol)al hcalth scarcslikcthcSARS outbreak in 20o3, counldes tlat are overreliaDt on tourisn nay find tlienNelves h trouble.n)\i r orhins ro lall '.rcl "r. Irj ;ir' -,). ii.:i.,: :. ,t-. i, -1.'l |,jt.Lhe, 1-'rLrl ric r.silca:ia,!j-\ ', rLllclii)lrto olioiLliticir :r:rLJ irlss r\-itil n ih,.ltriil brrrl iotutsi.r irrririsir', .

aDd prima.y industries can only take a country sofar. And ifthcy arc not rcsource-rich or agriculturrllllp1la.t-ral,F.r\\").lpr.ur ngd.\".1.r r. .'r,. nDromotingtheir|eritase and sellnrg thcir"dilTcrcncc"lo the rest of the world.There is eviderce thrt, with the rightconditions in place, tourism can provide {slrona, sustainabl. hasr for economicdevelopment that will bencfit localpopulations. Morocco, forinstance, nashad a lonsand successful liistory jn this area. l addition topromotiDg the tsual tourist hotspots like its beachrcsofts aDd ancicnt imferial cities, the Moroccangovernmentis nowfocusing on Nraltouftm in thchope oibeneliLing more locals nr these nnal arcas.l]nterprising Mo.occnns who capilalise on theopporturities presented by the tourism industry harea fighting clunce at strccess - tlie protusion ofcraft. hnl' . .J1... Jnd n.l Fr "i .llb,E r .."-" n .l ' rlrrurrouri.r dF t,r0tr^.. 1rr rl eI .unnurdl g.-" .rerinrunr .o.hs. to |l an q rrpt'o1i.g irdust-e.and services also pft,vjde iobs to mant locals itrvoukt be vert difficult for bus driyers, taxi d.iverc,tour grides and rcstarmrt staff if the tourist iDdustrywcrc not as dclclopcd as itis.\ nJr:snFFLpdlorlor.ri.mroIulli- l tror"r.'i- .iur ;u\rrrm-nl. " ,d plJnn:nL dI]Fn, . o I' I 'nplace enployment opporlunities ftrr the poo. andiD\ollcthen iD theplaDnjrg process by fiDding outand acting on thcir conccrDs. Anoiher usc'flrl siratesis to prolide hainilg oppoftrnities for potcDtialwo.ke.s. With good planning and golernnrentsuppoft, the tou st industry can be exactly whal theDoornccdto gct a shot at a bettcr life. Et

l,]OIA

PHNt]]\1PINH tAIVS(]D]r]

Itmay seem as ifthese issues are enough toFove th c6e against tourism development,bui to deciile to Aet d ofthe tourist industryaltosethcr wonld bc to throw rhe baby ourwith the bathwarer. The problem, reallt-', is noirvith the tourism i dustry ilsell, bul wiLh poorplanlnrs, weak adninistrntion, and a failure loconsider the Deedsoftlieloc.l population. All oftheseproblcDs would probably stjll be preseDt in one forDl0r anoiher, rdratclcr thc indushy, unless a concertedefiorL is made ai all levels to overcome thcn,.l.urthemo.e, plices lilie Kerala ir India and Tudanin Xiniians face little other alternntive. Asriculture

XINJiAIIO, iHINA

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ta5aEtANta, r10R0cco


18/64

\ruEilrti0tDAY0CIfi

The pen is mightier than the sword.Can written language reallybeso powerful!',,,,,n,',,,,,*,u

The pages of History are littered with attemplsro use force to provc ouNeives "miglrtier" tbanone other. Great revolutions in the histo.I olnrankind have, niost .r{ the tine. becn caried outt|rough rampage, aDd bloodshed.It sccms that themerc dralving ofthe sword pushes wars to ne$'lcvels.ur J , ". rl Jt . 11 xt mJn. nuu'F. o L, rF\, . Du igrn.ient iimes. it secmcd cl.arto X{atr that the answoto questioDs of peace and delclopmeDt was the Sword.ForgcttiDg Christ s appeal ibr uniiy in the Chtrrch,rnost ofchisiian Errope was ernbroilcd nr cNsades

re]isious militarv canipaijans i{aged agaiDst e\temalnnd inlernal opfoDents- The french RelolDiion thatgale bidh to the rcspcctable principles olnationalisn,citizeDsliip and inalienablcishts,wd forged in riolentturmoil as well. How did world war II end''peacctullv"? Witli alarge sword thc Aionic Botlb.

fone had flipped throughthe pages of a Historytextbook, one would find,above anything else,conflict and war. The penand the sword are two

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very different methods by whichwe come into, and deal with,conflict. In this light. it seems thatlo say Lhat the pen is mightier thanthe sword would be the equivalentof heresy - words cannot huft yourflesh, they can only harm yourmind, whilst a sword can literallypierce through your heaft.The cmployment of words and the writtenlanAuaAe to mitigatc or dissolve conflictstbercfore seems pointless. It may seen overlyidealistic to cveD tlink that the pen can ovct?owerthe swod in any way- The Munich Agreemcnt t{as aw.itten documeni meant to btr)'peace priortoWorldwar ll. But il onlylastcd for a few months befbre$arbroke out again. Historysecms to have targht us thalif w. irnsi t}e Pen. oxr faith Nould be invested inpassiritv and hactivii). This iajth would wastc awayinlo l^.t l'ol1" i. oIr.'s.umroId lalFq a.l nr' hnr^r.ne do. as long as ary other person chooses to harncssthe power ofthe S\oId, that is to us the power ofaction against mere words. It seenN impossible tbrustobelieve that the Pen canbc morepowedtrlthanthe Swor d because $ords silhout aciion sinply canrottriumth ovcr the sheer fo.ce ofaction.


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17 BR0ADIR PIRSPIOIVIS rlte essau rssur

ftc "Slvord is a modification ofthc spear head,which was. after all, created lor darnase ard

we should note though, that ihe Pn car onlybc mightier ttran ihe s\vord if the pI is aneducated one. As Man becomes increashglyknowledsable and learned, he also becones rnore.'Dl".o rlo. ,llepusFrol \pwlil-nhud L'rirrgthe holes of Bul$cr-Lt lton, Shakespcre aDd r honrasJcfferson to lite. Modern man chooses io educate hischildreD through the l)cn, Dot the swod. Some dcientcivilisations prioriUsed nilitary superioritr-' ove."bookish" cducation and pe shed without learingreal legacies behind. Accordinit to,Iarcd Dianond sGuns, Ge'ns dnd.Sieel, the main rcason \ehl, !henisht-v Inca empire was defeated b) a rnucli sniallerSpanish arny ol corquistddo?r and reduced to amerefootDote in historyis because the Spanish drewupon thepowerofw tten infonnation denved froDthe sreat libra.ics of nurope. Thc Incas had n.td.\.lop-J L,\'. I r. dc\ ,'r rF.o,dl.nrrs rrhaircivilisation the trTittcn word was not yct perceived..a ..t,r 'r, hnolosl n |,, ir ,,,1 ,rp. 1..\.rx;irrjon e\tensjve \Titten recrrd,s of successful past nilitarystmtagems and documentatioD of foreign tleaponstechnology (ic. the use ol stecl to forge lii4hterwcafons and armour), tlie Spanish thus smashedlhrcugh tens oflholsands of Inca waniors rvhosecomparatively clumsy i{caPons and arnour couklnoi hold up to the onslaught.tfltinrately, $hen powertul words e'rshrininBour most powcrfirl ideals emerse from thepens of passionate and dedicaied individuals,whote mies of ordinary people can bc raised

to charge the status quo forever. some ofourmost sifted wrilers havc also been our nost siftedorators. By adding the compclline power ofspeech and pchonalcharisma on toF of $eirwdtten words, tne pen's ability to neuhalisethe ssord can be multiplied manifold. MartinLutherKingJr.'s nost niemorable speech"l lialc dDredm" inspi.ed sencrations of \rhitc and blackAnredcans to lay aside centuies ofracial aninosity.WilLiam wilbefo.ce s lre aris. " on the Abolition ofrhe Slaue "rdde" peined in 1789 was arguably themain .eason Nhy ree no longer accept the sight ofrnen inchains as a norn. nUberlorcc's and King Jr''sconvictions and beliefs about fightins for peace andiustice wcre thenselves influenced by ihc sPokenwords of Jcsus Ch.ist, s'rittcn and passed downfaithftrlly by earb Christian apostlcs. Ftlm the ancicDt,leNish books ofJoel, xlicah and Isaiah, bolh meDfound aDd lbught for the pronised day ahen "swordswould be beaten into ploashares and "spears intopruning hooks", ivhere "nation $'ill not take uf ssordagainst nation, no. \ill they imin for war anynorc "(Isaiah 2:4)

The pel epitomises patience and virtue whilethe sword is synonlmous with rashness anda$lression. The latter is unabashedly human, dnctsJr\.[wl' .th' urnrr:n'p t hur.n:ryrorna Iwhat is good and is thus able to deliver rnessaseswith eqtral, if not more, fe.vour, dcpth and lonslastinit imtact than the other. Perhal)s NIallshorild rise tirc Pen to restrain itildguide lhc p:lssiorl 0f the S\\'oid.Let u,ords be lhe stceling rvhccl ofour- r,elticle that is lirellccl bv folccnnd actior us r'r e dlive tou'ards lhelirhu'e.Afterall, sword" and "words" arc realb jusl the sametilc alphrbets that have iheir positioDs junbled !,

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Nererthelcss. the lamificarions of mere word'sis essentially how much we make out of it. Tbefact that words caD sometimes inflici a $ound deeperrh" ' r .h r1e-.hord.a I non PF 'rirhr r-n'lrrthern nore powe.fullhan sheerforce.In OrlPlo, thefrmous lin. 'it is not wolds that shake me thus"breatned by othelo before he finally falls into a h aDccreek ofirony.lt is the mind games and tlie ivordplayoflago that makes the play a lragedy. This only goesto slroi{ how words car not just hurtemotionally I'ut if used well enoueh, can evenbdng about physical damaae.

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