A Survey of Various Efficient and Secure Routing Protocols for VANETs

Prepared By:Abhijit Parmar

2Contents

1. What is VANET?

2. Classification of routing protocols

3. Transmission strategies for packet forwarding

4. Other Routing Protocols

5. Conclusion

3What is VANET?

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a wireless network that is formed between a collections of cars connected by wireless links.

The main applications are Safety applications, Traffic management & User applications.

4VANET Scenario

5ClassificationVA

NET R

outi

ng P

roto

cols

Transmission Strategies

Broadcast

Unicast

Multicast

Routing Information

Topology Based

Proactive

Reactive

Hybrid

Position Based

DTN

Non-DTN

Hybrid

6Proactive Routing Protocol

Proactive protocols allow a network node to use the routing table to store routes information for all other nodes.

Here each entry in the table contains the next hop node used in the path to the destination.

The table must be updated frequently and should be broadcast periodically to the neighbors.

7Reactive Routing Protocol

Reactive routing protocols do not periodically update the routing table when there is some data to send.

Reactive routing protocols are applicable to the large size of the mobile ad hoc networks which are highly mobility and frequent topology changes.

8Hybrid Routing Protocol

Hybrid protocol is a mixture of both proactive and reactive protocols.

The hybrid protocol divides the network to many zones to provide more reliability for route discovery and maintenance processes.

9Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) Protocol

In this network, all nodes help each other to forward packets (store and forward scheme).

These nodes may have a limited transmission range, so packets transmission will take large delays.

DTN designed to perform efficiently in networks with some characteristics:

i. Frequent disconnection communication,

ii. Large scale, long unavoidable delays,

iii. Limited bandwidth,

iv. Power constraints

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Non-Delay Tolerant Network (Non DTN) Protocol

This type of protocol is only suitable for high density network.

In these protocols, the node forwards its packet to the closest neighbor to the destination.

Problem:- if there is no closest neighbor to the current node.

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Hybrid Routing Protocol

Position routing protocol reduces control routing overhead, it doesn't need to construct or maintain a routing table because it only uses the location information about the neighbors and destination nodes, these issues made position-based routing protocols scalable.

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Transmission Strategies for Packet Forwarding

Delivery of information from a source to a destination can be classified into three types:

1. Unicast protocols.

2. Broadcast protocols.

3. Multicast protocols.

 

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Unicast Routing

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Broadcast Routing

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Multicast Routing

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Other Routing Based Protocols

Various other routing protocols are as follows

1. Greedy Perimeter Coordinator Routing or Greedy Source Routing Protocols(GPCR/GPSR).

2. Junction Based Multipath Source Routing Protocols(JMSR).

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GPCR/GPSR Protocol

Greedy Perimeter Coordinator Routing, Geographic Source Routing or Connectivity-Aware Routing, use only one single route from the source to destination.

GPSR handles each packet separately.

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JMSR Protocol

JMSR is characterized as junction-based because it is a geographic or position-based routing protocol, where the junctions’ positions are of much higher importance than the positions of the nodes themselves.

Packet forwarding is handled by the nodes within the junctions.

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Conclusion

The study of different VANETs routing protocols, help us to know which protocols is effective to be used. The study help us to overcome the problems such as low communication overhead, security, etc.

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Thank You