a techno-economic overview of biomass based power ... · biomass with amine scrubbing co-firing...

A techno-economic overview of biomass based power generation with CO2 capture technologies

Amit Bhave, George Brownbridge, Nicola Bianco and Jethro Akroyd

CMCL Innovations

13-14 Apr 2016

CCS in the UK – Moving ForwardManchester Biannual

Part I | Part II| Part III

Contents

• Context– Analysing biomass conversion combined with CO2 capture, utilisation and

storage

– Virtual engineering toolkits for analysis

• MoDS™: key features with examples– Wrapping/coupling with 3rd party toolkits

– Surrogates and parameter estimation

– Uncertainty propagation

• Application: Biomass-based power generation with CO2 capture


Biomass conversion with CCS

• AR5 WGIII IPCC 2014 – Unprecedented emphasis on development and deployment of technologies with negative CO2 footprint to achieve below 450 ppm by 2100.

• ETI’s ESME toolkit’s least-cost options for meeting UK’s energy demand and emissions targets to 2050, identify biomass CCS as vital with large, negativeemissions, a high option value and high persistence

• IEAGHG, 2011: Despite its strong GHG reduction potential, there is a considerable dearth of information for biomass CCS as compared to fossil CCS

• APGTF, 2011/2012: RD&D strategic themes and priorities

- whole system : focus on virtual system simulation and optimisation

- capture technologies: focus on economics, efficiency penalty, co-fired biomass, 2nd and 3rd generation technologies

• EBTP/ZEP 2012: Accelerate deployment of advanced biomass conversion processes

• TESBiC 2011/2012: BioPower CCS - key technical and economic barriers, and UK deployment potential to 2050


Virtual engineering analysis for Biomass CCS

• System-level analysis

– Life cycle analysis

– Process systems engineering

• Component-level analysis

– Multi-dimensional CFD

– 0/1D reactor models

– Chemical kinetic schemes

• Measurements data• Data-driven models• Model-based optimal Design

of Experiments (DoE)• Optimisation• Reduced-order or surrogates• Uncertainty analysis

Biomass CCS includes Biopower and Biofuels


CMCL Innovations - Introduction

Computational Modelling Cambridge Ltd.

Business model

Software | Consulting | Training

Market segments

• Powertrains & fuels

• Energy & chemicals

Innovation awards

www.cmclinnovations.com

Simulation and design software supplier to industry and academia

>10 years in innovative R&D and advanced engineering services

Organically growing experienced team


Simulation toolkits

MoDS: Model Development Suite

kinetics & SRM Engine Suite

“Wraps around any software or script and offers advanced analysis”

“Simplified design and application of chemical kinetics models to engineering applications”

Applications: • Chemical kinetics: fuels, emissions pathways• Chemical reactor design• IC engine development

Applications: • Data standardisation and data-driven models • Model calibration/parameter estimation• Surrogates and sensitivity analysis• Uncertainty propagation

Ph

ysico-ch

emical

Statistical


Contents


storage







MoDS™

MODS is a unique software tool which can be “wrapped around” any process, system or software, enabling:

(a) Data-driven modelling

(b) Rapid multi-objective optimisation of processes, systems, technologies

(c) The generation of surrogates (fast response) models derived from more complex systems/processes. e.g. Polynomial fits, High dimensional model representation (HDMR)

(d) Data standardisation and visualisation

(e) Global parameter estimation for all models

(f) Uncertainty propagation throughout systems

(g) Global and local sensitivity analysis

(h) Intelligent design of experiments


Selected features: generating surrogates

• Coupling with 3rd party toolkits – e.g., Fermenter model from gPROMS™ (PSE)

• Surrogates generated – HDMR

• Sensitivities evaluated


Selected features: uncertainty analysis

• C-FAST bio-refinery example

MoDS accounts for uncertainty in data propagating through to the plant and unit operation models

Global sensitivity of algal diesel production cost

CMCL Innovations. UK Patent office – filing No. 1118696.2


Contents


storage







Application: BioPower CCS

• Acknowledgements

• Project partners and co-authors


Approach


BioPower CCS – Technology landscape

Solvent

scrubbing,

e.g. MEA,

chilled

ammonia

Low-temp

solid

sorbents,

e.g.

supported

amines

Ionic

liquidsEnzymes

Membrane

separation

of CO2 from

flue gas

High-temp

solid

sorbents,

e.g.

carbonate

looping

Oxy-fuel

boiler with

cryogenic O2

separation

Oxy-fuel

boiler with

membrane

O2

separation

Chemical-

looping-

combustion

using solid

oxygen

carriers

IGCC with

physical

absorption

e.g.

Rectisol,

Selexol

Membrane

separation

of H2 from

synthesis

gases

Membrane

production

of syngas

Sorbent

enhanced

reforming

using

carbonate

looping

ZECA

concept

Direct cofiring

Conversion to 100% biomass

Direct cofiring

Conversion to 100% biomass

Fixed grate

Bubbling fluidised bed

Circulating fluidised bed

Bubbling fluidised bed

Circulating fluidised bed

Dual fluidised bed

Entrained flow

22 24

12

14

9 11 13

Not feasible

18 20

11a

12a

Not feasible

Dedicated

biomass

gasification

Not feasible 16

Dedicated

biomass

combustion

2 4 6 8 106a

Post-combustion Oxy-combustion Pre-combustion

Coal IGCC

gasificationNot feasible Not feasible 15 17 19 21 23

Pulverised coal

combustion1 3 5 75a


Technology options selected

Criteria

Co-firing amine

scrubbing

Dedicated biomass with

amine scrubbing

Co-firing oxy-fuel

Dedicated biomass oxy-fuel

Co-firing carbonate looping

Dedicated biomass chemical looping

Co-firing IGCC

Dedicated biomass BIGCC

Likely TRL in

2020

7 to 8 6 to 7 7 6 5 to 6 5 to 6 7 5 to 6

Key technical

issues

Scale-up, amine

degradation,

Scale-up, amine

degradation,

O2 energy costs, slow response

O2 energy costs, slow

response

Calciner firing, solid degradation, large purge of CaO

Loss in activity, reaction

rates, dual bed

operation

Complex operation,

slow response, tar

cleaning, retrofit

impractical

Complex operation,

slow response, tar

cleaning, retrofit

impractical

Suitability for

small scale

Low High Low High Low High Low High

Plant

efficiency

with capture

OK Low OK Low Good Good High, Good

Capital costs

with capture

OK Expensive OK High ASU costs

OK OK OK Expensive,

UK

deployment

potential

Immediate capture retrofit

opportunities,

retrofit opportunities

high long-term

potential


, long-term doubtful


, high long-term

potential

capture retrofit opportunities,

cement integration

Likely first demos in

Europe, UK in ~2020. High long term potential

No current UK plants,

several demos by

2020Long-term

doubt

No current UK plants,

demo unlikely by

2020.High long-

term potential


Approach with an example: Bio chem loop

TRL: Technology Readiness Levels

Input Samples

Outputs; Meta-Model

generationu

yMeta-model

Case studies (WP2),Public domain data/models


BioPower CCS at base scalesProcess engineering output:


BioPower CCS at 50 MWe

Plant-wide techno-economic model parameter estimation: CAPEX, OPEX, LHV efficiency and emissions as a function of scale, co-firing and extent of capture


Summary

• MoDS™ toolkit combined with process systems engineering applied to screen and analyse biomass (includes biopower and biofuels) CCS technologies

• For BioPower CCS, to date, setbacks from cancellation of planned projects and little activity at industrial scale

• For the eight BioPower CCS technologies varying over a wide range of current TRLs, from TRL 4 to TRL 7, the range of techno-economic parameters are the following:

• ~ 6% to 15% : Range of the efficiency drop • ~ 45% to 130%: Range of the increase in specific CAPEX (£/MWe)

with CO2 capture • ~ 4% to 60%: Range of increase in OPEX (£/yr) with carbon capture

• CAPEX, LCOE: Generation scales and fuel costs the main drivers

• BioPower CCS attractive for small (50 MWe), intermediate (250 MWe) and large (~600 MWe) scales. At large scales, the issue of “sustainable biomass procurement” and LUC need careful consideration.

• Incentivising negative CO2 emissions via the capture and storage of biogenic CO2 under the EU emissions trading scheme (ETS) is highly important.

a techno-economic overview of biomass based power ... · biomass with amine scrubbing co-firing...

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