a thick co 2 atmosphere with a surface pressure 92 times that of earth’s atmosphere hides the...
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A thick CO2 atmosphere with a surface pressure 92 times that of Earth’s atmosphere hides the planet’s surface from view
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Facts about Venus
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* 462 Co*
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Venus Atmospheric Missions
• Mariner 10 – Fly-by in 1973• Pioneer Venus – 5 probes in 1978• Vega 1 and 2 – 2 probes in 1985• Galileo – Fly-by in 1990• Europe’s Venus Express
(orbits in April 2006)
• Messenger (fly-bys October 2006 & June 2007)
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45 km = 100 Co
Cloud Tops
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The “Greenhouse Effect” on Venus
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Carbon dioxide cycle on Earth keeps us from being like Venus
But this cycle would not work if there’s no liquid water!
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Single-celled floating
organisms like these
foraminifera construct fragile CaCO3 shells.
When the organisms die,
their shells sink to the ocean floor
and form limestone
deposits, thus trapping CO2.
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Limestone deposits in today’s oceans
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Spacecraft that have studied the surface of Venus
• Mariner 2 – 1962 – First planetary mission• Pioneer Venus – 1978 - Topography and
atmospheric probes• Veneras 8 – 14, 1975 – 1982 – Landers!• Veneras 15 & 16, 1984 – Orbital radars• Magellan – 1990 – 1994 – Orbital radar images,
topography and gravity data• Europe’s Venus Express, 2006
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Venera 14 Soviet Lander - 1982
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Landing Sites for Venera Spacecraft
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Venera 14 views of surface of Venus
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The surface of Venus, imaged by the Venera
14 Lander.
Upper image:CO2 atmosphere
results in reddish color.
Lower image:CO2 removed.
The dark rock is basalt!
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Composition of the surface rocks of Venus.The rocks are basalt!
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Magellan being launched from Space Shuttle
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Topography of Venus from the Pioneer Venus spacecraft
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The “continents” on Venus are as big or bigger than those on Earth
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Maxwell Montes over 12 km high!
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Maat Mons ~8 km highStill active?
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Sapas Mons~400 km dia.
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Cleopatra CalderaOn Lakshmi Planum
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Tectonic features: Fotla Corona S.E. of Aphrodite Terra
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Tessera rolling plains near Maxwell Montes
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Rift zones
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Stuart Crater
67 km diameterAurelia crater
32 km diameter
Unusual fluid ejecta at impact craters on Venus
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Wind streaks – fine particles moved by wind
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Isabella crater – Ejecta so hot it flows like lava
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High surface pressure may help pancake domes form
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Summary of Venus