a toolbox for creating and using homemade tools to ...€¦ · soil structure – dirt cake soil...
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A Toolbox for Creating and Using Homemade Tools to Demonstrate and/or Assess Soil Health
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Most Valuable Tool in Agriculture
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Soil Regeneration Demonstration and Assessment
1. Demonstration Activities
2. Assessment Activities
a. Basic Soil Health Tests
b. Biological Soil Health Tests
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DEMONSTRATIONS How Much Soil is Available to Grow Food?
Healthy Soil Pieo New Soil Organic Matter Model
o Soil Particle Size Distribution
Sponge and Bucket - Soil Water Movement
Soil Erosion - Rainfall Simulatoro Floor Model
o Tabletop Model
Soil Macroaggregate Scale Model
Energy Soil Model
Soil Structure – Dirt Cake
Soil Aggregates - Edible Stability
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How Much Soil Is There?
Courtesy of: Natural Resources Conservation Service, Syracuse, NY, USDA and Dr. Elissa Levine at NASA
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HOW MUCH SOIL IS THERE?
Mountains, Deserts, Arctic, Antarctic
15%
Land for Human Use or Too Wet, Dry or Rocky
12% Soil3%
Water70%
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How Much Soil Is There?
Courtesy of: Natural Resources Conservation Service, Syracuse, NY, USDA and Dr. Elissa Levine at NASA
By comparison to the entire apple, or planet Earth, this small piece of skin is a tiny, fragile resource to support a human
population of over 7 billion.
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Sponge and BucketInfiltration, Water Holding Capacity, and Porosity
Sponge with more porosity is saturated first
Gravitational water or water which flows out of pores
Pore space holds more water
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Soil Energy ModelResidue Decomposition Model
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Soil Energy ModelResidue Decomposition Model
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Soil Energy ModelResidue Decomposition Model
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Rainfall Simulator
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TEST
SOIL STRUCTURAL STABILITY
No Till
Conventionally Tilled
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SOIL CLODS
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AGGREGATE STABILITY
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CT, SW-F NT, SW-WW-SF Moderately-grazed pasture
WSA = 14% WSA = 47% WSA = 93%
Aggregate Stability
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Soil Regeneration Demonstration & Assessment
Assessment ActivitiesBiological Soil Health Tests1. Estimating Microbial Activity via Respiration
a. Solvita Burst Testb. Soil Your Undiesc. It’s a Tea Party/Reading Tea Leaves
2. Observing Soil Microorganismsa. Staining and Measuring Mycorrhizal Colonizationb. Extracting Nematodes and Protozoac. Extracting Soil Microorganisms
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STAINING MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND ASSESSING COLONIZATION
• Lye or Drain Cleaner to Clear the Roots
• Vinegar to Acidify
• Stain with Ink
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ON-FARM INOCULUM PRODUCTIONDOUDS ET AL, 2005