a traditional agricultural practice in southern …...a traditional agricultural practice in...
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Floating Gardening
A traditional agricultural practice in southern wetlands of Bangladesh
Photo: Haseeb Md. Irfanullah
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Floating Gardens
Aztec’s chinampas in
Tenochtitlan Lake (Mexico)
Hanjis’ radhin Dal Lake (Kashmir)
Intha’s kaingin Inle Lake (Myanmar)
Kuttanad people’s pontha in Kerala
Monipur’s phumdiIn Loktak Lake
Bangladesh’s dhap / baira
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Floating Gardening
Irfanullah et al. (2008)
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Performance
Economic benefit Food / Nutritional
security Agricultural
benefits Ecological/
Environmental benefits
Disaster risk management
Photo: Haseeb Md. Irfanullah
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What Makes it so Attractive?
Simple Natural Traditional Control over water!
Photo: IUCN
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Origin and Beyond
Traditional (for ages)
NGOs (2000-)
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Lost in Transfer Original locations: a
local, efficient, self-sustaining business model
New areas: nutritional security for the extreme poor sustained by external support
Photo: Haseeb Md. Irfanullah
Photo: Practical Action
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Indigenous Innovation
A traditional practice showed potentials to tackle new challenges posed by climate change and climate variability
Became an ‘adaptation sensation’
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In PracticePolicySome national climate change documents mentioned as a good option.
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In PracticeImpact / CommunityNutritional security remains the main focus
– CARE/IUCN (2007-2014): 2,000 families of 200 villages in 10 districts
– Practical Action (2005-2015): ca. 1,000 families in 5 districts
Photo: Haseeb Md. Irfanullah
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In Practice
Traditional (for ages)
NGOs (2000-)
Government (2011-)
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Scaling Up an Adaptive Option The Government of
Bangladesh’s initiative:– US$ 1.6 million (Own fund
- Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund)
– 3 years– 40 sub-districts of 8
districts– Benefiting 12,000 farmers
families Driver: policy vs political-
willPhoto: IUCN
Photo: IUCN
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In PracticeResearch / Knowledge Very limited compare with the enthusiasm or
promotion No going back to see if the introduction is
sustaining or not No research on if the technology would
survive under changing climate
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Adaptive or Sensitive to Climate Change? Unpredictable rainfall Long dry spells Reduced water in
wetlands Intense, frequent
floods Salinity intrusion Inadequate water
hyacinth
Photo: Haseeb Md. Irfanullah
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Innovation for adaptation: the missing points
In-built limitations of a technology Charity versus business model ‘Innovation-evaluation-diffusion cycle’ ignored Failures not appreciated Research overlooked Gaps among policy-practice-research
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Technology JusticePractical Action defines technology justice as “the right of people to decide, choose and use technologies that assist them in leading the kind of life they value without compromising the ability of others and future generations to do the same”.
Photo: IUCN
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References1. Haq et al., 2002. Soil-less Agriculture in Bangladesh. 111 pp.2. IUCN Bangladesh, 2005. Baira: the Floating Gardens for Sustainable
Livelihood. 61 pp. 3. Islam and Atkins, 2007. Indigenous floating cultivation: a sustainable
agricultural practice in the wetlands of Bangladesh. Development in Practice 17:130-136.
4. Irfanullah et al., 2008. Introduction of floating gardening in the north-eastern wetlands of Bangladesh for nutritional security and sustainable livelihood. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 23:89-96.
5. Irfanullah, 2009. Floating gardening in Bangladesh: Already affected by climate variability? In: IUCN, UNEP, UNU. Biodiversity Conservation and Response to Climate Variability at Community Level. 7-14 pp.
6. Irfanullah et al., 2011. Floating gardening in Bangladesh: a means to rebuild lives after devastating flood. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 10:31-38.
7. Irfanullah, 2013. The ‘moving sown fields’: Anyone interested? SILnews63:22-23.
8. Irfanullah, 2013. Floating Gardening: a local lad becoming a climate celebrity? Clean Slate 88:26-27.
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Thank you
Dr. Haseeb Md. IrfanullahHead, DRR and Climate Change [email protected] www.practicalaction.org
TEC/UNFCCC, Bonn, 4 March 2014