A Transformation from Flat MARC to Linked Open Data

Ya-Ning ChenDepartment of Information and Library Science

Tamkang University, Taiwan

IO Talk Forum in National Central Library2016/09/30

Questions

• What is LOD?• How to transform MARC into LOD?• What is the function of RDA registry for transformation

during RDFization?• Has RDA registry manifested ied all contents of FRBR? • What are the potential functions and effects of

embedded in LOD clouds of bibliographic universe?• LOD versus Ontology• Why libraries have to convert MARC into LOD?

LOD

Image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LOD_visualisatie_open_data_en_linked_data.png

Miller, P. (2010). Linked data horizon scan. Available at:http://cloudofdata.s3.amazonaws.com/FINAL-201001-LinkedDataHorizonScan.pdf

RDF Language and Model

• Triple structure and statement• Subject, Predicate and Object

Subject ObjectPredicate

SubjectPredicate

Literal

MARC Record

https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=12760&recCount=25&recPointer=0&bibId=18213486

RDFization-01Label ValueTitle Harry Potter and the goblet of fire (series 4)

Author J. K. Rowling

Illustrator Mary GrandPre

Edition First American edition

Publisher Arthur A. Levine Books

Publishing Place New York

Publishing Date 2000

Sequel Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (series 5)

Sequel to Harry Potter and the prisoner of Azkaban (series 3)

Summary Fourteen-year-old Harry Potter joins the Weasleys at the Quidditch World Cup, then enters his fourth year at Hogwarts Academy where he is mysteriously entered in an unusual contest that challenges his wizarding skills, friendships and character, amid signs that an old enemy is growing stronger.

Subject Potter, Harry -- (Fictitious character)

Subject Granger, Hermione(Fictitious character) -- Juvenile fiction

Subject Wizards--Fiction

Subject England--Fiction

RDFization-02

J.K. Rowling

goblet of fire

Mary Grand Pre

Arthur A. Levine Books

2000

New York

Order of the

Phoenix

prisoner of

Azkaban

Harry Potter

Hermione Granger

Wizards--Fiction

Magic--Fiction

RDFization-03

J.K. Rowling

goblet of fire

Mary Grand Pre

Arthur A. Levine Books

2000

New York

Order of the

Phoenix

prisoner of

Azkaban

Is written by

Is illustrated by

Is published by Is located at

In/is published in

Hermione Granger

Wizards--Fiction

Is continued by

Is a character ofIs a subject of

The same thing is given with different semantic meaning or representation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGMEgDLZ4s0

RDA Registry-01

http://www.rdaregistry.info/

RDA Registry-02

• To standardize the name of properties between classes.

RDFization-04J.K.

Rowling

goblet of fire

Mary Grand Pre

Arthur A. Levine Books

2000

New YorkOrder of

the Phoenix

prisoner of

Azkaban

has authorW-A

has illustratorE-A

has publisherM-A

has place ofpublicationM

has a date ofpublicationM

is sequelW-W

is sequel toW-W

Harry Potter

is in seriesW-W

Hermione GrangerWizards--

Fiction

has subject ofhas character of

RDFization-05J.K.

Rowling

goblet of fire

Mary Grand Pre

Arthur A. Levine Books

2000

New YorkOrder of

the Phoenix

prisoner of

Azkaban

rdaw:P10061

rdae:P20051

rdam:P30083

rdam:P30088

rdam:P30011

rdaw:P10020

rdaw:P10227

Harry Potter

rdaw:P10080

Hermione GrangerWizards--

Fiction

has subject ofhas character of

RDFization-06J.K.

Rowling

goblet of fire

Mary Grand Pre

Arthur A. Levine Books

2000

New YorkOrder of

the Phoenix

prisoner of

Azkaban

has authorW-A

has illustratorE-A

has publisherM-A

has place ofpublicationM

has a date ofpublicationM

is sequelW-W

is sequel toW-W

Harry Potter

is in seriesW-W

Hermione GrangerWizards--

Fiction

has subject of

FRBR GRP1

FRBR GRP3

FRBR GRP 2

FRBR GRP3

FRBR GRP3

LOD Cloud-2014

http://linkeddatacatalog.dws.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/state/

The same thing can be aggregated with various perspectives together

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkDSidUZtio

More aggregations

• Two additional MARC records were added into the aforementioned diagram– One is MARC record of the same novel which is

translated into traditional Chinese version– The other one is a film with the same novel’s title.

J.K. Rowling

goblet of fire

Novel

Mary Grand Pre

Arthur A. Levine Books

Is written by

Is illustrated by

Is published by

Hermione Granger

Emma Watson

Harry Potter

Daniel Radcliffe

火盃的考驗中文小說

J.K. 羅琳

goblet of fire Film

彭倩文Is translated by

皇冠Is published by

Warner Bros.

Pictures

Is published by

哈利波特

妙麗 · 格蘭傑Is a character of

Is a character of

Play a role as Is a actor of

Has as traditionalChinese version

Has as traditionalChinese name

J.K. 罗琳

J.K. Rowling

goblet of fire

Novel

Mary Grand Pre

Arthur A. Levine Books

Is written by

Is illustrated by

Is published by

Hermione Granger

Emma Watson

Harry Potter

Daniel Radcliffe

火盃的考驗中文小說

J.K. 羅琳

goblet of fire Film

彭倩文Is translated by

皇冠Is published by

Warner Bros.

Pictures

Is published by

哈利波特

妙麗 · 格蘭傑Is a character of

Is a character of

Play a role as Is a actor of

Has as traditionalChinese version

Has as traditionalChinese name

J.K. 罗琳

Direct link Existingin-direct link

Non-existingin-direct link

J.K. Rowling

goblet of fire

Novel

Mary Grand Pre

Arthur A. Levine Books

Is written by

Is illustrated by

Is published by

Hermione Granger

Emma Watson

Harry Potter

Daniel Radcliffe

火盃的考驗中文小說

J.K. 羅琳

goblet of fire Film

彭倩文Is translated by

皇冠Is published by

Warner Bros.

Pictures

Is published by

哈利波特

妙麗 · 格蘭傑Is a character of

Is a character of

Play a role as Is a actor of

Has as traditionalChinese version

Has as traditionalChinese name

J.K. 罗琳

Direct link Existingin-direct link

Non-existingin-direct link

Embedded Knowledge Structures

• What is explicit and implicit information embedded in the aforementioned LOD diagrams?

Semantic queries and answers-01

• Direct queries and answers (direct link)• In-direct queries and answers– Existing (existing in-direct link)– Non-existing (non-existing in-direct link)

FRBR based Ontology LDthrough by RDA Registry

• In addition to RDFization, semantic relationships between data should be built up based on semantic definitions, statements and associations provided by RDA Registry.

• An approach both of LD and Ontology• Coverage of RDA registry is not so

comprehensive, it needs to include more semantic definitions, statements and associations based on FRBR’s ontology and model.

LOD vs. OntologyLOD Ontology

Approach Bottom-up Top-down

Cost Fasters and low cost Slow and high cost

Scope Without boundary of discipline or domain

Stick with a specific discipline or domain

Strictness Four LD design principles freely• Identifier• http• RDF and SPARQL• Combination of other things

Much stricter with various requirements, including representation language/format, logic and agreement

Reuse Much easier More difficult

Other Inconsistent Consistent

Open Information Society• Linked Data

– Knowledge structures– Knowledge relationships– FRBR ontology based LD through by RDA registry

• Open Data– Unlock libraries’ MARC records from libraries’ boundary and publish

ontology based LD into Internet for the public in an open way.– Allow LD can be combined and aggregated with other LOD of

disciplines/domains.• Libraries LOD

– As a knowledge providers– Increase our collective impact on LOD communities globally

Reference

• Chen, Y.N. & Ke, H.R. (2013). FRBRoo-based approach to heterogeneous metadata integration. Journal of Documentation, 69(5), 623-637.

• Chen, Y.N. (2004). A Review on metadata registries development. Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences, 41(3), 351-371. (in Chinese)

Thanks for your attention.