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Tropical Birding - Trip Report BRAZIL: Atlantic Forest Highlights – July 2019

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A Tropical Birding Set Departure BIRDING TOUR (www.shorturl.at/cpq89)

Brazil: Atlantic Forest Highlights 13-20 July, 2019

Report and photos by ANDRES VASQUEZ N., the guide for this tour

One of the great things about this tour is the extremely pleasant combination of “good-old-fashion” forest birding with incredibly active and diverse feeders. This Festive Coquette (picture above) is one of the birds that we basically manage to enjoy only thanks to the feeders at Folhia Seca near Ubatuba; this incredibly ornate species is otherwise hard to pick up in the canopy of tall tropical

forest due to its tiny size and fairly non-contrasting colors.

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INTRODUCTION: The Atlantic Forest of Southeast Brazil is a very well-known Endemic Bird Area (EBA) of the World thanks not only to its richness, in terms of endemic species but also thanks to the fact that most of those endemic birds are absolutely spectacular. This makes that this region of the globe is in the bucket list of any birdwatcher that wants to fill his/her list with A TON of brightly colorful endemic birds. Now, this area is vast and in order to cover it all we have to drive considerably long distances in over three weeks of birding (which we do in our comprehensive SE Brazil tour, see here: www.shorturl.at/isuCN) BUT FORTUNATELY for the birders that do not have all this long time off we created this shorter trip, The Atlantic Forest Highlights tour, which very well represents “in a nutshell” the greatness of this region since it includes most of the very nicest-looking birds of the whole EBA.

The Brazilian endemic Golden-chevroned Tanager is a looker that visits feeders both in highlands and in lowlands.

We designed this tour to cover both highlands and lowlands of the Atlantic forest by spending 3 nights in each zone based out of two great hotels. With this we cover all the altitudinal gradation of bird species in the area and this means a great variety of potential birds. This also means the trip is logistically very comfortable without sacrificing great birding since the hotspots are either very close or they are right within. Cutting to the chase, amongst the most memorable birds of the tour we had Black-billed Scythebill, Green-crowned Plovercrest, Red-necked, Green-headed, Gilt-edged, Brassy-breasted, Brazilian, Black-goggled, and Golden-chevroned Tanagers, Mantled and White-necked Hawk (both perched closely), Half-collared Sparrow, Araucaria Tit-Spinetail,

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Itatiaia Spinetail, Streamer-tailed Tyrant, Curl-crested Jay, Robust, Blond-crested, and White Woodpeckers, Saw-billed Hermit (among the 4 species of hermits we saw), Shear-tailed Gray-Tyrant, Frilled and Festive Coquettes, White-eared Puffbird, Tawny-browed Owl, 19 species of antbirds out of which Scaled Antbird and Black-hooded Antwren were the favorites of the group.

A pair of Streamer-tailed Tyrants did great displays in front of us on the first day.



NARRATIVE: This tour starts and ends in the huge metropolis of Sao Paulo with a night in the outskirts of this monster city on arrival day and directly at the airport on the last day of the tour since most international flights leave late in the evening so it is the best expenditure of time you can have. As mentioned above, the tour can be divided in two main parts, highlands and lowlands plus the travel time in between which does not produce a lot of birds but for sure a few interesting ones.

THE LOWLANDS: We start the tour with a longish drive between Sao Paulo and the coastal town of

Ubatuba. There were a couple planned stops on the way though that produced some great birds. Leaving the hotel just before dawn we arrived in perfect time to an area that holds very nice wetlands located right next to the smaller city of Mogi das Cruzes. Here we found as highlights White-faced Whistling-Duck, Silver Teal, Blackish Rail, Gray-cowled Wood-Rail, Brazilian Teal and a few passerines and other smaller birds White-eyed and Plain Parakeets (photo below) on the border of the wetlands like Wing-banded Hornero, Streamer-tailed Tyrant, Crested Black-Tyrant, Masked Yellowthroat, Masked Water-Tyrant, and Unicolored Blackbirds to name a few.



We then moved to another spot looking for a very localized species only found in a few reed beds on this region called Parana Antwren (aka Sao Paulo Marsh-Antwren). We gave it a good try but for most of the participants this bird remained hidden, only a couple managed quick views. This spot however produced a fair number of cool birds like Rufous-capped and Spix’s Spinetails, Orange-eyed Thornbird, White-spotted Woodpecker, White-barred Piculet, Chestnut-vented Conebill, the first of many Sayaca and Brazilian Tanagers, as well as a pair of Orange-headed Tanagers and a few other more common birds.

One of the entertaining sightings we had on the first day was this Burrowing Owl.



We had lunch in a local restaurant and continued our drive that still had a few hours to go. The traffic was quite bad when we approached the coast since a lot of locals were going to the beach for what was going to be the last of the warm days of the season. This delayed us a bit but we did manage to squeeze in about 45mins of nice birding before reaching our hotel. During this very rewarding time we soon got a couple of the most wanted birds for some participants in the shape of Red-necked and Green-headed Tanagers which came in flocks to feed right in front of our eyes at eye-level in a fruiting tree. We also got Scaled and Ferruginous Antbirds, Sombre Hummingbird, Gray-hooded Attila, Gray-headed Tody-Flycatcher and Saw-billed Hermit. It was a great end to our first day.

The next day we went back to the area we had just birded last on the previous day but of course now we did have time to go much deeper on this beautifully forested road called Estrada da Folhia Seca. We in fact visited this spot three times during our stay in the area of Ubatuba. One of the first birds that we found here was in fact the most wanted target for one of the participants that was chasing bird families (he needed a Tapaculo) and it came in the shape of this Slaty Bristlefront (photo above). Some of the birds that we saw on our repeated visits to the area included Blond-crested Woodpecker, a female Bare-throated Bellbird, White-necked Hawk, Green-backed Trogon, Rufous-capped Motmot, Black-cheeked Gnateater, White-throated Spadebill, Long-tailed Tyrant, Rufous-capped Antthrush, White-shouldered Fire-eye, Spot-breasted and Plain Antvireos, Unicolored, Streak-capped and Rufous-winged Antwrens, to name a few.



The distinctive subspecies of White-throated Spadebill (above) and the regional specialty Spot-breasted Antvireo (below).



A big target for every first-time visitor to SE Brazil is this Red-necked Tanager (above)



A very special spot within this area of Folha Seca is the gardens of Jonas’s house. Jonas is a local Brazilian that out of pure love for birds maintains a large set of fruit and hummingbird feeders in his patio. He welcomes people asking for no contribution of any kind, just good behavior and respect towards nature. It is a very good deal of course for us given the rich diversity of birds in his feeders. I always, however, buy at the market several pounds of sugar and a good amount of bananas to bring along as donation. In terms of hummingbirds his feeders are the very best spot to find Festive Coquette (photo below), Saw-billed Hermit, and White-chinned Sapphire. Apart from those, there were many Violet-capped Woodnymphs and Brazilian Rubies; we also saw Glittering-throated and Versicolored Emeralds but those were not as common. Other species of hummingbirds that we saw in lowlands but away from Jonas’s feeders were the tiny Reddish Hermit, the spectacular Swallow-tailed Hummingbird, and the dullest of the Brazilian endemics, Sombre Hummingbird. These last two we had at a local restaurant in front of the beach located just west of Ubatuba.

This gorgeous Festive Coquette (above) is likely to be split; it is isolated from the other subspecies in northern South America.



Swallow-tailed Hummingbird (above) photographed at the feeders of Restaurante Tropical near Ubatuba



A male White-chinned Sapphire (above) and the superb Green-headed Tanagers (below) from Jonas’s feeders



In terms of passerines, the fruit feeders attracted a great deal of birds, of which the favorite for many was Red-necked Tanager, but not too far behind in rank were the Green-headed and Brazilian Tanagers. Other birds that come in to feast are Ruby-crowned Tanager and Chestnut-bellied and Violaceous Euphonias. At times, when Jonas brings a new set of fruit, the tanagers go nuts and at certain point probably 70 individuals of these six species swarm like bees around the feeders; it is spectacular! We visited a couple other great locations in the lowlands near Ubatuba. One of those is the famous Fazenda Angelim located just east of the main city. This area is the best spot around for the skulking Spotted Bamboowren, a type of tapaculo that is subtly beautiful and quite different looking from the typical member of that family. We had good views but not all managed to get the whole bird in their bins. This spot is also well known for another specialty, the tiny Buff-throated Purpletuft which played hard to find but we did managed scope views of a distant individual.

A couple other specialties found here were Black-cheeked Gnateater (photo above), Ochre-rumped Antbird, Rough-legged Tyrannulet, Tufted Antshrike, Yellow Tyrannulet, White-eyed Foliage-gleaner, and a White-necked Hawk that was perched on a log on the ground eating a snake; this was the favorite sighting of the day.



The last of the lowland birding hotspots that we visited on this tour is the famed Sertão de Mambucaba (AKA Perequê) just north of Paraty. This is the only spot for an ultra-localized species of antbird called Black-hooded Antwren (photo below) which was our main target on that visit. In fact it was basically the first bird that we heard and saw upon arrival to this location. I have to mention that it was not easy to see this bird initially but later in the morning a gorgeous male gave us great views.

The first couple hours of birding in Perequê were simply superb. We had several great looking birds that showed up one after the other. It started with a family of Yellow-fronted Woodpeckers and at the same time the colorful Channel-billed Toucan, then a stubborn Spot-billed Toucanet that finally came close, afterwards a pair of Robust Woodpeckers gave us a show and finally a very short view of a male Frilled Coquette that came to feed on some flowers at eye level but a badly-timed and annoying motorbike scared it off almost as soon as we located the bird. Other birds that we found during that morning included the normally difficult to see Lemon-chested Greenlet, Squamate Antbird, White-bearded Manakin, Whiskered and Sepia-capped Flycatchers, Sao Paulo and Bay-ringed Tyrannulets, Riverbank Warbler, and the great Rufous-headed Tanager among the 7 species of tanagers we found that morning.



The hulking Robust Woodpecker (above) and the modest Lemon-chested Greenlet (below)



THE HIGHLANDS: The other half of the tour was spent at high elevations in the mountains of Itatiaia

National Park in the state of Rio de Janeiro. For this we used the beautiful Hotel do Ypê as our base for three nights. With this we managed to explore the lower parts of the park as well as the middle areas near the hotel, namely the trail called Trilha Dos 3 Picos, and finally we visited the upper areas of the park along the Algulhas Negras road. The hotel itself is a world class birding hotspot thanks in part to the busy feeders placed just outside the restaurant. In the fruit feeder we found birds like Black-goggled, Olive-green, Golden-chevroned, Ruby-crowned, Brazilian, and Green-headed Tanagers, Red-rumped Caciques, Blue Dacnis, Chestnut-bellied Euphonia (photo below), Dusky-legged Guan, and Maroon-bellied Parakeets. Sometimes these feeders attract one of the great birds of the area, the unique Saffron Toucanet, but we were very unlucky with this one during our visit and despite our effort we failed to get one.

In terms of the hummingbird feeders that the hotel also places outside the restaurant, the main species that we found here were Black Jacobin, Brazilian Ruby, White-throated Hummingbird, and Violet-capped Woodnymph. Also we saw a Black-eared Fairy, rare for this location, which visited the feeders very briefly, but then a couple of us found a spot where it was hanging out behind one of the lower cabins.



A rare sighting is seeing the usually concealed crown of Ruby-crowned Tanager (above); the bright Brazilian Tanager (below)



Red-rumped Caciques (above) were bullies at feeders



Black Jacobin (above) and White-throated Hummingbird (below) are common at feeders



The forest that surrounds the hotel is pristine and very rich given that the hotel is located inside the park. The bamboo dominated forest holds a lot of species and can be accessed along the trails and roads of the park. This way we found a large amount skulking species like Star-throated Antwren, Variable Antshrike, Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher, Orange-eyed Thornbird, Drab-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant, the neat Black-billed Scythebill, Sharp-billed Treehunter, and White-collared Foliage-gleaner among the shy birds that we managed to call out. Apart from those we also found a good bunch that are in different strata of the forest like Rufous-capped Motmot, Surucua Trogon, Dusky-throated and Scale-throated Hermits, Red-breasted Toucan, White-necked and Yellow-legged Thrushes, Pin-tailed Manakin, Magpie Tanager, and a very cooperative Gray-hooded Flycatcher.

One of the various tanagers visiting the feeders was this Black-goggled Tanger (above)

The grounds of the hotel are also home to a ton of other birds that do not come to feeders. This was the case for several Blue-winged Macaws that flew over the hotel various times and Slaty-breasted Wood-Rails that came into the open near the parking lot. Also three species of tyrant flycatchers hung around the hotel grounds catching insects: Blue-billed and Velvety Black-Tyrants in the gardens and Masked Water Tyrant near the swimming pool. By night the impressive Tawny-browed Owl hooted and flew around near the cabins and on two nights we saw this great species.



Black-billed Scythebill (above) was for sure one of the top birds of the tour



The Brazilian Endemic Star-throated Antwren (above) and a friendly Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail (below)



The lower portions of the park brought a few different species that we would not see elsewhere. Probably the one that the participants enjoyed the most was the Brazilian endemic Half-collared Sparrow that we found one afternoon quite close to dusk. This says a lot about what a beautiful sparrow it is, when other birds in the area were Brassy-breasted and Gilt-edged Tanagers. These two species of tanagers were very common down the hill and various times we encountered flocks with over 10 individuals of each.

Red-breasted Toucans (above) were seen in the middle and lower elevations of the park

On one of the two full days that we had in Itatiaia we departed very early from the hotel to visit the upper portions of the park in an area called Algulhas Negras; in order to get there we must exit the park though the lower entrance gate, then take the expressway for one exit, then head back up along another road that skirts the state of Minas Gerais. Right at the border of the state there is a road that enters the park again but in a higher area where the avifauna is different. The many “specials” present here are very nice, so despite the chilly weather we enjoyed that morning a lot. Among the cool birds we found here I can mention the highly desired Green-crowned Plovercrest, Rufous-backed Antvireo, Mouse-colored Tapaculo, Araucaria Tit-Spinetail (which was a trip favorite for some), Itatiaia Spinetail, Serra do Mar Tyrannulet, Greenish Tyrannulet, Buff-throated and Bay-chested Warbling-Finches, Thick-billed Saltator, Rufous-tailed Antbird, and Shear-tailed Gray Tyrant.



Buff-throated Warbling-Finch (above) is a highland specialty



A female Velvety Black-Tyrant (above) photographed in Algulhas Negras road and a male (below) in Hotel do Ype



On the way back from the Algulhas Negras road to Hotel do Ype, we stopped to bird a well know area called the Snipe Valley which is a deforested valley at the base of the Itatiaia Mountains which through the years has become home to species more typical of the savanna habitats of the interior of Brazil. Since these species are adapted to open habitats they thrive in agricultural areas like this.

Curl-crested Jays (above) were seen along the disturbed habitat at the base of the mountains together with a family of White

Woodpeckers that flew nearby

Here we boosted the list significantly in a matter of just half an hour of birding. First we found White-vented Violetear, followed by Tawny-headed Swallow, White-eared Puffbird, Yellow-rumped Marshbird, Streamer-tailed Tyrant, Rufous-fronted Thornbird, Whistling Heron, Campo Flicker, Yellow-bellied Elaenia, Chopi Blackbird, and Savanna Hawk; the latter we had seen distantly before (together with White-rumped Monjita in similar habitats) but this time we had better views. We moved to the end of the road to turn the car around and when we were about to head out back to the hotel we found the last of the lifers for the day in the shape of Burnished-buff and Hooded Tanagers, Sapphire-spangled Emerald and the large Planalto Hermit.



The acrobatic Planalto Hermit (above) and the striking Burnished-buff Tanager (below)



We had another morning around the middle elevations of the Itatiaia NP and we spent it walking again the main forested road. Right at the waterfalls above the hotel one of the participants that decided to explore the trails deeper than the rest of the group found a Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper. The rest of us picked up a few other birds, including the Black-billed Scythebill mentioned previously, and also Lesser and Scaled Woodcreepers, White-bearded Manakin, and one common and widely distributed bird that we had only heard repeatedly before, Rufous-breasted Peppershrike, among a bunch that we had seen already in the area. The time had come to wrap the trip up; we had a long drive ahead of us towards the Guarulhos international airport where the tour finished. To break the long drive we took a short detour into some well-known rice fields to see if we could find some new birds but, on the one hand the area in general was dry and rice fields were not in good shape, and on the other hand we were quite short of time and sort of in a hurry to get to the airport. We picked up as new birds only Black-necked Stilt, Guira Cuckoos, and Amazon Kingfisher.

The group posing for a photo with the breathtaking coastline of Brazil in the background during an above average “pit stop”

The last stop at a gas station before reaching the airport gave us a last surprise: a Toco Toucan flew right above us letting us see well its majestic bright orange bill that was shining with the yellow afternoon sun. This was the last lifer we found and a perfect ending for a superb tour.



FINAL CHECKLIST: A total of 280 species OF BIRDS were recorded on the tour; 44 of those are Endemics to Brazil. Out of the total, 258 were SEEN by at least one participant on the tour (almost every bird was seen by all), 21 were Heard Only (H) and only 1 species was seen only by the Tour Leader (L). In terms of MAMMALS, we found 6 species of mammals of which a Tayra was the highlight. See the detailed list for this trip below.

TINAMOUS TINAMIDAE

1 H Brown Tinamou Crypturellus obsoletus

DUCKS, GEESE, & WATERFOWL ANATIDAE

2

White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata

3

Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis

GUANS, CURASSOWS, & ALLIES CRACIDAE

4

Rusty-margined Guan Penelope superciliaris

NEW WORLD QUAIL ODONTOPHORIDAE

5 H Spot-winged Wood-Quail Odontophorus capueira

PIGEONS AND DOVES COLUMBIDAE

6

Rock Pigeon (I) Columba livia

7

Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro

8

Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea

9

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

10

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi

CUCKOOS CULIDAE

11

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira

12

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

13

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana

NIGHTJARS AND ALLIES CAPRIMULGIDAE

14

Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis

SWIFTS APODIDAE

15

White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris

16

Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris

HUMMINGBIRDS TROCHILIDAE

17

Black Jacobin Florisuga fusca

18

Saw-billed Hermit (E) Ramphodon naevius

19

Dusky-throated Hermit (E) Phaethornis squalidus

20

Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber

21

Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei

22

Scale-throated Hermit Phaethornis eurynome

23

White-vented Violetear Colibri serrirostris

24

Black-eared Fairy Heliothryx auritus

25

Frilled Coquette (E) Lophornis magnificus

26

Festive Coquette Lophornis chalybeus chalybeus

27

Brazilian Ruby (E) Clytolaema rubricauda

28

Green-crowned Plovercrest (E) Stephanoxis lalandi

29

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macroura

30

Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis

31

Sombre Hummingbird (E) Aphantochroa cirrochloris

32

White-throated Hummingbird Leucochloris albicollis

33

Versicolored Emerald Amazilia versicolor versicolor

34

Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata

35

Sapphire-spangled Emerald Amazilia lactea



36

White-chinned Sapphire Hylocharis cyanus

RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS RALLIDAE

37

Blackish Rail Pardirallus nigricans

38 H Uniform Crake Amaurolimnas concolor

39

Gray-cowled Wood-Rail Aramides cajaneus

40

Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail Aramides saracura

41

Common Gallinule Gallinula galeata

STILTS AND AVOCETS RECURVIROSTRIDAE

42

Black-necked (White-backed) Stilt Himantopus mexicanus melanurus

PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS CHARADRIIDAE

43

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

JACANAS JACANIDAE

44

Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana

GULLS, TERNS, AND SKIMMERS LARIDAE

45

Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus

46

Royal Tern Thalasseus maximus

FRIGATEBIRDS FREGATIDAE

47

Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens

BOOBIES AND GANNETS SULIDAE

48

Brown Booby Sula leucogaster

CORMORANTS PHALACROCORACIDAE

49

Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus

HERONS, EGRETS, & BITTERNS ARDEIDAE

50

Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi

51

Great Egret Ardea alba

52

Snowy Egret Egretta thula

53

Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea

54

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis

55

Striated Heron Butorides striata

56

Whistling Heron Syrigma sibilatrix

57

Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax

58

Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Nyctanassa violacea

IBISES AND SPOONBILLS THRESKIORNITHIDAE

59

Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja

NEW WORLD VULTURES CATHARTIDAE

60

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

61

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

62

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus

HAWKS, EAGLES, AND KITES ACCIPITRIDAE

63

Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus

64

Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus melanoleucus

65

Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis

66

White-necked Hawk (E) Buteogallus lacernulatus

67

Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris

68

White-tailed Hawk Geranoaetus albicaudatus

69

Mantled Hawk Pseudastur polionotus

OWLS STRIGIDAE

70

Black-capped Screech-Owl Megascops atricapilla

71

Tawny-browed Owl Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana

72 H Least Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium minutissimum

73

Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia



TROGONS TROGONIDAE

74

Green-backed Trogon Trogon viridis melanopterus

75

Surucua Trogon Trogon surrucura

76

Black-throated Trogon Trogon rufus

MOTMOTS MOMOTIDAE

77

Rufous-capped Motmot Baryphthengus ruficapillus

KINGFISHERS ALCEDINIDAE

78

Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata

79

Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona

80

Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana

PUFFBIRDS BUCCONIDAE

81

White-eared Puffbird Nystalus chacuru

TOUCANS RAMPHASTIDAE

82

Spot-billed Toucanet Selenidera maculirostris

83

Toco Toucan Ramphastos toco

84

Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus ariel

85

Red-breasted (Green-billed) Toucan Ramphastos dicolorus

WOODPECKERS PICIDAE

86

White-barred Piculet Picumnus cirratus

87

White Woodpecker Melanerpes candidus

88

Yellow-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes flavifrons

89

White-spotted Woodpecker Dryobates spilogaster

90

Robust Woodpecker Campephilus robustus

91

Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus

92

Blond-crested Woodpecker Celeus flavescens

93

Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris campestris

FALCONS AND CARACARAS FALCONIDAE

94 H Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis

95 H Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus

96

Southern Caracara Caracara plancus

97

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima

98

American Kestrel Falco sparverius

PARROTS PSITTACIDAE

99

Plain Parakeet (E) Brotogeris tirica

100

Pileated Parrot Pionopsitta pileata

101

Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani

102

Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius

103

Maroon-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura frontalis

104

Blue-winged Macaw Primolius maracana

105

White-eyed Parakeet Psittacara leucophthalmus

TYPICAL ANTBIRDS THAMNOPHILIDAE

106 H Spot-backed Antshrike Hypoedaleus guttatus

107

Tufted Antshrike Mackenziaena severa

108 H Chestnut-backed Antshrike Thamnophilus palliatus vestitus

109

Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus c. caerulescens

110

Star-throated Antwren (E) Rhopias gularis

111

Spot-breasted Antvireo Dysithamnus stictothorax

112

Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis mentalis

113

Rufous-backed Antvireo (E) Dysithamnus xanthopterus

114

Unicolored Antwren (E) Myrmotherula unicolor

115

Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus

116

Black-hooded Antwren (E) Formicivora erythronotos



117

Ferruginous Antbird (E) Drymophila ferruginea

118

Bertoni's Antbird Drymophila rubricollis

119 H Rufous-tailed Antbird (E) Drymophila genei

120

Ochre-rumped Antbird (E) Drymophila ochropyga

121

Scaled Antbird (E) Drymophila squamata

122

Streak-capped Antwren Terenura maculata

123

White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera

124

Squamate Antbird (E) Myrmoderus squamosus

GNATEATERS CONOPOPHAGIDAE

125

Black-cheeked Gnateater (E) Conopophaga melanops

ANTPITTAS GRALLARIIDAE

126 H Variegated Antpitta Grallaria varia imperator

ANTTHRUSHES FORMICARIIDAE

127

Rufous-capped Antthrush Formicarius colma

128 H Such's (Cryptic) Antthrush (E) Chamaeza meruloides

TAPACULOS RHINOCRYPTIDAE

129

Spotted Bamboowren Psilorhamphus guttatus

130

Slaty Bristlefront (E) Merulaxis ater

131

Mouse-colored Tapaculo Scytalopus speluncae

OVENBIRDS & WOODCREEPERS FURNARIIDAE

132 H Rufous-breasted Leaftosser Sclerurus scansor scansor

133

Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus sylviellus

134

Plain-winged Woodcreeper Dendrocincla turdina

135

White-throated Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes albicollis

136

Lesser Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus fuscus

137

Black-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus falcularius

138

Scaled Woodcreeper (E) Lepidocolaptes squamatus

139

Plain Xenops Xenops minutus

140

Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans

141

Wing-banded (Band-tailed) Hornero (E) Furnarius figulus

142

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus

143

Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias nematura

144

White-collared Foliage-gleaner (E) Anabazenops fuscus

145 H Pale-browed Treehunter (E) Cichlocolaptes leucophrus

146

Sharp-billed Treehunter Heliobletus contaminatus

147

Black-capped Foliage-gleaner Philydor atricapillus

148

Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner Philydor rufum

149 H White-browed Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia amaurotis

150

Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia lichtensteini

151

White-eyed Foliage-gleaner Automolus l. leucophthalmus

152

Rufous-fronted Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons

153

Orange-eyed Thornbird (E) Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus

154

Orange-breasted Thornbird (E) Phacellodomus ferrugineigula

155

Itatiaia Spinetail (E) Asthenes moreirae

156

Pallid Spinetail (E) Cranioleuca pallida

157

Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomeus

158

Rufous-capped Spinetail Synallaxis ruficapilla

159

Spix's Spinetail Synallaxis spixi

TYRANT FLYCATCHERS TYRANNIDAE

160

Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum



161

Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola

162

Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster

163

Gray-hooded Flycatcher (E) Mionectes rufiventris

164

Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus

165

Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet Phylloscartes ventralis

166

Sao Paulo Tyrannulet Phylloscartes paulista

167

Serra do Mar Tyrannulet (E) Phylloscartes difficilis

168

Bay-ringed Tyrannulet Phylloscartes sylviolus

169

Rough-legged Tyrannulet Phyllomyias b. burmeisteri

170

Greenish Tyrannulet Phyllomyias virescens

171

Planalto Tyrannulet Phyllomyias fasciatus

172

Gray-capped Tyrannulet (E) Phyllomyias griseocapilla

173 H Southern Antpipit Corythopis delalandi

174

Eared Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis auricularis

175

Drab-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant Hemitriccus diops

176

Eye-ringed Tody-Tyrant (E) Hemitriccus orbitatus

177 H Fork-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant (E) Hemitriccus furcatus

178

Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps

179

Gray-headed (Yellow-lored) Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum poliocephalum

180

Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum

181

Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias s. sulphurescens

182

White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus

183

Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea bellicosa

184

Whiskered (Yellow-rumped) Flycatcher Myiobius barbatus mastacalis

185

Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus cinereus

186

Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus

187

Crested Black-Tyrant Knipolegus lophotes

188

Velvety Black-Tyrant (E) Knipolegus nigerrimus

189

Blue-billed Black-Tyrant Knipolegus cyanirostris

190

White-rumped Monjita Xolmis velatus

191

Streamer-tailed Tyrant Gubernetes yetapa

192

Shear-tailed Gray Tyrant Muscipipra vetula

193

Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta nengeta

194

Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus

195

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosa

196

Gray-hooded Attila Attila rufus

197 H Sibilant Sirystes Sirystes sibilator

198

Grayish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex

199

Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox

200

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

201

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua

202

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis

203 H Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius

204

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

COTINGAS COTINGIDAE

205 L Red-ruffed Fruitcrow Pyroderus scutatus

206

Bare-throated Bellbird Procnias nudicollis

MANAKINS PIPRIDAE

207

Swallow-tailed (Blue) Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata

208

Pin-tailed Manakin Ilicura militaris

209

White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus

TITYRAS AND ALLIES TITYRIDAE



210

Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor

211

Buff-throated Purpletuft (E) Iodopleura pipra

212

Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus

VIREOS VIREONIDAE

213

Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis

214

Rufous-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus poicilotis

215

Lemon-chested Greenlet Hylophilus thoracicus thoracicus

CROWS, JAYS, AND MAGPIES CORVIDAE

216

Curl-crested Jay Cyanocorax cristatellus

SWALLOWS HIRUNDINIDAE

217

Blue-and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca

218

Tawny-headed Swallow Alopochelidon fucata

219

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

220

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

221

Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera

WRENS TROGLODYTIDAE

222

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

GNATCATCHERS POLIOPTILIDAE

223

Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus

DONACOBIUS DONACOBIIDAE

224

Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla

THRUSHES AND ALLIES TURDIDAE

225

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas

226

Yellow-legged Thrush Turdus flavipes

227

White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis

228

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris

MOCKINGBIRDS MIMIDAE

229

Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus

PIPITS MOTACILLIDAE

230 H Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens lutescens

FINCHES, EUPHONIAS, & ALLIES FRINGILLIDAE

231

Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea

232

Chestnut-bellied Euphonia Euphonia pectoralis

NEW WORLD SPARROWS PASSERELLIDAE

233

Half-collared Sparrow (E) Arremon semitorquatus

234

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

TROUPIALS AND ALLIES ICTERIDAE

235

Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus

236

Golden-winged Cacique Cacicus chrysopterus

237

Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous

238

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

239

Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi

240

Unicolored Blackbird Agelasticus cyanopus

241

Yellow-rumped Marshbird Pseudoleistes guirahuro

NEW WORLD WARBLERS PARULIDAE

242

Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis velata

243

Tropical Parula Setophaga pitiayumi

244

Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus azarae

245

White-browed (White-rimmed) Warbler Myiothlypis leucoblephara

246

Riverbank Warbler Myiothlypis rivularis

MITROSPINGID TANAGERS MITROSPINGIDAE

247

Olive-green Tanager (E) Orthogonys chloricterus



TANAGERS AND ALLIES THRAUPIDAE

248

Brown Tanager (E) Orchesticus abeillei

249

Magpie Tanager Cissopis leverianus

250

Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata

251

Orange-headed Tanager Thlypopsis sordida

252

Buff-throated Warbling-Finch (E) Microspingus lateralis

253

Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis melanops

254

Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus

255

Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus coronatus

256

Brazilian Tanager (E) Ramphocelus bresilius

257

Diademed Tanager Stephanophorus diadematus

258

Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota

259

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

260

Golden-chevroned Tanager (E) Thraupis ornata

261

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum

262

Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana

263

Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon

264

Red-necked Tanager Tangara cyanocephala

265

Brassy-breasted Tanager (E) Tangara desmaresti

266

Gilt-edged Tanager (E) Tangara cyanoventris

267

Swallow Tanager Tersina viridis

268

Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana

269

Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza

270

Rufous-headed Tanager Hemithraupis ruficapilla

271

Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum

272

Bay-chested Warbling-Finch (E) Castanozoster thoracicus

273

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola

274

Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch Sporophila angolensis

275

Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens

276

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

277

Green-winged Saltator Saltator similis

278

Thick-billed Saltator Saltator maxillosus

279 H Black-throated Grosbeak Saltator fuliginosus

OLD WORLD SPARROWS PASSERIDAE

280

House Sparrow (I) Passer domesticus

MAMMALS

1 L Brazilian Common Opossum Didelphis aurita

2

Black-horned Capuchin Cebus nigritus

3

Capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris

4

Brazilian Squirrel Sciurus aestuans

5

Nutria (Coypu) Myocastor coypus

6

Tayra Eira barbara

This list follows Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018.

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