a zolla as indicator of p levels in paddy
DESCRIPTION
Comparative effects of A zolla pinnata ( sp africana ) and inorganic Ammonium sulphate on growth and yield of Basmati 370, under varied inorganic phosphate regimes in Mwea & Ahero Irrigation schemes Oyange A. W Dr. Kanya ,. A zolla as indicator of P levels in Paddy. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Comparative effects of Azolla pinnata (sp africana) and inorganic Ammonium sulphate on growth and yield of Basmati 370, under varied inorganic phosphate regimes in Mwea & Ahero Irrigation schemes
Oyange A. WDr. Kanya,.
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Azolla as indicator of P levels in Paddy
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Azolla indicative of Nutrient status
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INTRODUCTION Azolla species is a leaf floating fern and forms
symbiotic ass. with a Cyanobacterium (Anabaena azollae).
The association with the cyanobacteria plays a very important role in rice production.
For centuries, Azolla and its nitrogen-fixing partner Anabaena have been used as "green manure.
Industrial revolution reduced the traditional use of Azolla as green manure due to Increase in supply of chemical fertilizers.
In1970’s oil crisis had negative impact of inorganic fertilizers leading to intensified research on Azolla 4
INTRODUCTION In Mwea Irrigation scheme, Azolla pinnata
is widespread, Invasion noticed in early 1990’s, source is
unknown Coverage stands at 30-50% during the
peak season The heavy bloom of Azolla is enhanced by
perennial application of P fertilizers to levels equivalent to 45 kg P2O5 ha-1
The presence of Azolla is aggravated by; land preparation practice(3 months early maintenance of flooded paddies (BL survey, 2012)
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INTRODUCTION
Azolla incorporation (“Isahan” ) contributes nearly 45% of the soil N in MIS.
Research: 1970s, confirmed the bio-fertilizer potential of Azolla◦AIRS reported same in 1980’s
Azolla provides organic fertilizers, increases efficiency of nitrogen use, & reduces water pollution
Azolla can increase rice ylds by 158% & no decline in pdtivity, no need of rotation.
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INTRODUCTION
The N requirement for Mwea is 60-80 kg ha-1
Current soil N levels are as high as eqv. to 35 kg N ha-1
Other benefits; low incidents of malaria in Mwea
Potential of Azolla is high, can reduce reliance on inorganic fertilizers,(20% of the pdn cost)
Most research data available related to experiments in Asian countries
A two year field experiment on the comparative effects of Azolla and AS on rice Basmati 370 will be conducted at MIAD and AIRS. 7
Justification
Azolla is widely spread( 30-50% at peak in MISCost of fertilisers high and on the increase
(20% of pdn cost.Chemical fertilizers have effects on soil fertility,
productivity and environmental degradation.Need for a complemented, sustainable
agriculture, with low risk of environmental effect.
Azolla-Anabaena system provides an alternative use of bio fertilisers.
It is an option, wholly or complementarily as a fertilizer especially in MIS
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General Objective Determine the bio-diversity and comparative effects of Azolla organic fertilizer source and SA, on growth & yield of Basmati 370.
Specific objectiveIdentify the bio-diversity of Azolla in KenyaFind the effects of Azolla “green manure”
and SA on growth and yield of Basmati 370Establish the effects of timing of
incorporating Azolla biomass on growth and yield of Basmati 370
Determine the effects of P and K on growth of Azolla biomass & the rate of xn with time. 9
MATERIALS AND METHOD
MIS & Ahero
Within AEZ LM3 & LM4 (marginal cotton zone)
Rainfall is bimodal 930mm/yr with 510mm during
long season with 66% reliability.
Temperature ave. 22oC with min 17 & max of 28 oC
Soils are vertisols, imperfectly drained
Weather data to be taken and soil analysis done
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Experimental procedure2 experiments will be done;Basmati 370 to be grown at 30 x15cm, 2 N
levels, 2 P levels and 3 timings of Azolla applications split plot design.
N levels will be the main plot while P and timings of Azolla application will be the sub plots.
K will be applied at standard rate of 50 kg ha-1
3 factor, 3 x 2 x 2 factorial exp in 3 repsN levels will be N1 & N2,(0 and 60 kg ha-1)
P as P1, P2 (0 and 50 kg ha-1 P2O5)
Timing as T0 , T1 , and T2 ( non, Basal , at veg11
Treatments & treatment combinations
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Where ; N1- 0kg N ha-1, N2-60kg N ha-1, P1- 0kg P2O5 , P2- 60kg P2O5
T1- No appn, T2- basal, 60kg biomass, T3- 60g inoculation/plot
N1P1 N1P2 N2P1 N2P2To N1P1-To N1P2-To N2P1-
To
N2P2-
To
T1 N1P1-T1 N1P2-T1 N2P1-
T1
N2P2-
T1
T2 N1P1-T2 N1P2-T2 N2P1-
T2
N2P2-
T2
Plot Layout
R1 R2 F3
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Split plot design; N- Main plots and P & T sub plots, all randomized in 3 replications
B1 B2 B3
N2P1-T2 N2P2-To N1P2-To N1P2-T1 N2P2-T2 N2P1-T2
N2P2-T1 N2P2-T2 N1P1-T1 N1P1-T2 N1P2-T1 N2P2-To
N2P1T1 N2P1-T0 N1P1-T1 N1P1-To N2P1-T0 N2P1T1
N1P2-T1 N1P1-T1 N2P2-To N2P1-T0 N1P1-T1 N1P2-To
N1P1-To N1P1-T1 N2P2-T2 N2P1-T2 N1P1-T2 N1P1-T1
N1P2-To N1P1-T2 N1P2-T1 N2P1T1 N1P1-To N1P2-T1
Data collectionGrowth parameters
Plant Height (cm) Chlorophyll content Tillers m-2,
Dry weight
Yield parameter
Panicle number m-2 Spikelet paniclem-1
% ripened grain 1000-grain wt(g) Yield (tons ha-1)
Growth observations taken at 21, 30, 45, 55 & 75 DAT 14
Experiment 2 (Pot)10 g of Azolla biomass inoculated 8.4 x
10-3 m3 (30.5cm x11.5 cm) for 10 days◦ Use Canal and tap water -W1 and W2.◦ 4 P levels; P1, P2, P3, P4 ◦ 2 K levels- K1 & K2
2 factor, 4 x 2 factorial in split plot design, 3 reps
P1, P2, P3 and P4- are 0, 50,75 and 100 kg ha-
1 P205,K1 and K2 are 0 and 50 kg ha-1 K20.
◦ W1 - Canal water & (W2) Tap waterThe N, P, K, pH of W1 and W2 analysed
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Design & Layout
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B1 B2 B3
K2 K1 K1 K2 K2 K1
K2P1 K1P1 K1P4 K2P1 K2P2 K1P2
K1P1 K1P4 K1P3 K2P2 K2P4 K1P1
K2P2 K1P3 K1P2 K2P3 K2P3 K1P4
K2P4 K1P2 K1P1 K2P4 K2P1 K1P3
Azolla biomass will be measured on the 10th day after inoculation N, P and K contents of the biomass analysed
Data Analysis
Data was collected, summarized in excel & analyzed using SPSS & SAS.
ANOVA at 5% sig. used to assess main & interactive effects
Means for the treatments, separated using LSD Test.
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Schedule of activitiesMonths AugustWeek(s) 3 4 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 2 4
Activities
Soil sampling
Land preparation
Azolla establishment
Nursery establishment
Transplanting
Weeding/ Azolla incorporation
1st fert. split
2nd split applicationPlant length assessment
Harvesting
yield analysis
Soil analysis
March April MayJuly FebSept Oct Nov Dec Jan
Thank You
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Budget
Activity Man daysQuantit
yUnit cost
Total cost
Land preparation 1st trial
1st & 2nd
1Herbicide applicaton 1 600 600
2 Rotatavion 1 3000 3,000
3Weed/stubble removal 8 X 1 300 2,400
4 Paddling X2 1000 2,000 5 Banding 6 1 300 1,800
6Nursery & seed preparation 9,800 19,600
Nursery preparation 3 2 300 1,800
7 seed preparation 1 1 300 300
8Seed establishment 2 300 600
2,700 2,700Inputs
10Seeds 10kgs 100 1,000 11Fertilizers 6,100 TSP 50kgs 3,800 SA 50kgs 2,400 KCL 50kgs 2,500 herbicides 4 lts 1800 7,200 23,000 46,000
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Agrnomic practices 12 Transplanting 8 1 300 2,400
13Fertilizer application 4 X 3 300 3,600
14 weeding 6 4x2 30014,400 15 Bird scaring 4 45dys 30054,000 16 Harvesting 12 1x2 300 7,200 17 Threshing 16 1x2 300 7,200 18 Grain counting 16 1x2 300 7,200 19 Data collection 4 5x2 30012,000
105,60
0211,20
0
20Farm assistant- labour 2 x 2 800032,000 32,000Equipment required
21Bird net with metalic frame 2
50x30m
150000
150,000300000
22 Chlorophyl meter 1
23Electronic measuring scale 1 45,000
24 1 meter ruler 2 700 25 Drying Oven 1 26 Leaf area meter 1 27 Hand tallies 10 12,000
28Electronic grain counter 1
150,000
29specific gravity meter 1 6,500
30 Moisture meter 1 50,000 31 0.75m2 basins 36 7,200 32 Buckets 4 600 33 Bloating papers 10packets 4,200
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276,20
0 276,200Subsistence & Travelling No of dys Fare
Subsiste
34MIAD-Ahero-West Kano & Back 2 5500 500015,500
35MIAD-Baringo & Back 2 4600 5000 9,600
36MIAD - Bunyala & Back 2 6000 500011,000
37MIAD- Msambweni & Back 3 6500 500021,500
38MIAD- TARDA & Back 3 6600 500021,600
39MIAD- HOLA & Back 3 7000 500022,000
40MIAD- Taveta & Back 3 5000 500020,000
41MIAD - Pekera & Back 3 5500 500021,500
142,700 142,700
Laboratory charges 1000 x 8 Samples
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Sample identification, 1000x8 samples 8000
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soil analysis , 100 x4 samples X 2 sites 8000
16000 16000Field Visit allowances for supervisors staff no rate Visits total
45Tech staff 3 8000 2048000
0 480,00046Driver 1 3000 20 60000 60,00047Fuel 4000 20 80000 80,000
620,000
TOTAL COST 1,815,70
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