a1214 - en-tech : en-techorthographic projections 51 the views, the draughtsman should decide about...
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158 Fundamentals of Mechanical Drafting
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronic Engineering and Sustainable Manufacturing Standards for Working Drawings ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13 of 19
Toggle Clamp (Assembly Drawing)
Figure 2: Toggle Clamp (Assembly Drawing)
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronic Engineering and Sustainable Manufacturing Standards for Working Drawings ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 of 19
Handle (Sub-Assembly Drawing)
Figure 3: Handle (Assembly Drawing)
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronic Engineering and Sustainable Manufacturing Standards for Working Drawings ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15 of 19
Link (Detail Drawing)
Figure 4: Hold-down arm (Assembly Drawing)
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronic Engineering and Sustainable Manufacturing Standards for Working Drawings ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 16 of 19
Base (Detail Drawing)
Figure 5: Base (Assembly Drawing)
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronic Engineering and Sustainable Manufacturing Standards for Working Drawings ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 17 of 19
Hold-down Arm (Detail Drawing)
Figure 6: Hold-down arm (Assembly Drawing)
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronic Engineering and Sustainable Manufacturing Standards for Working Drawings ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18 of 19
Handle-half (Detail Drawing)
Figure 6: Handle-half (Assembly Drawing)
Fundamentals of Mechanical Drafting 145
Orthographic Projections 51
the views, the draughtsman should decide about the placement of views on the drawing sheet.Sufficient space between the views must be provided to facilitate placement of dimensions,notes, etc., on the drawing without overcrowding.
���� ������
NOTE For all the examples given, the following may be noted: Figure a-Isometric projectionand Figure b-orthographic views. Arrow indicates the direction to obtain the view from thefront.3.1 Figures 3.17 to 3.21 show the isometric views of machine components and their view fromthe front, the view from above and the view from the right.3.2 Figure 3.22 shows how to obtain the view from the front, the view from above and the viewfrom the left from the given isometric view of a machine component.
12060 30
15
10
20
30
2 HOLES,DIA 20
15
2045
15
1060
35
15 1530
(a)
60
35
15 20 45 15
10
2015
120
60 10
30
2 HOLES,DIA 20
(b)
Fig. 3.17
52 Machine Drawing
12
1516
1640
75
70
100
6430
60°
2212
(a)
16 1632
1612
75
60°
30
15 70
40
100
22
64
12
(b)
Fig. 3.18
12
1216
60
12
12
f16
40
f16 20 20
R20f16
(a)
12 1216
40
60
R4 HOLES,DIA 16
1220
12
40
R
(b)
Fig. 3.19
Orthographic Projections 53
28 28
25
816
840
R12
72
25
32
R15
55R
32
84
(a)
80
25
4028
8
816
25
72
28
R15
32
R32R12
84
52
55
(b)
Fig. 3.20
54 Machine Drawing
Fig. 3.21
Orthographic Projections 55
f25 f50
R15
10
25
43R6
R10
61
12
1025
10
16610
2510
2
7125
23
20
4 HOLES,DIA12
(a)
2510
4312
101025
2
166
R15 R661
R10
f25 f50
204 HOLES,
DIA 12 (b)
2523
71
Fig. 3.22
56 Machine Drawing
THEORY QUESTIONS
3.1 What are the elements to be considered while obtaining a projection and what is an orthographicprojection ?
3.2 When is a projection of an object called an orthographic projection?
3.3 Explain the following, indicating the symbol to be used in each case:
(a) First angle projection, (b) Third angle projection
3.4 List-out the six possible orthographic projections that may be obtained for an object in space,specifying their relative positions.
3.5 What is a one-view drawing ? For what type of objects these can be used ?
3.6 What is the basis on which the number of views required for an object is selected ?
3.7 What are the points to be considered while laying-out the different views of an object ?
DRAWING EXERCISES
3.1 Draw (i) the view from the front and (ii) the view from right of the object shown in Fig. 3.23.
3.2 Draw (i) the view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the view from the right, of theobjects shown in Figs. 3.24, 3.27, 3.28, 3.31 and 3.38.
3.3 Draw (i) the view from the front and (ii) the view from above of the objects shown in Figs. 3.25,3.32, 3.34, 3.36 and 3.37.
3.4 Draw (i) the view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the view from the left of theobjects shown in Figs. 3.26, 3.29, 3.30, 3.33 and 3.35.
20
10
40
20
20
10
303020
60
30
20
20
20
25100
2540
4020
25
30
30 6512
12
1075
Fig. 3.23 Fig. 3.24
Orthographic Projections 57
3010
R 30
f 25
f 40R 50
2 HOLES, DIA 10
20
805010
R 20
80
R 1565
12
24
24
5612
9
32
369
25
5016
75
Fig. 3.25 Fig. 3.26
35
453515
5030
80 25
10065
20
20
20 10
40304070
25
30
5010040
20
15
Fig. 3.27 Fig. 3.28
58 Machine Drawing
19f10
1338
13
1944
6424
38
2 HOLES, M6DEEP 20
38
5064
7
100
6
10
1010
13
131818
88 42
1818
9
6
6
2418
60
36126
618
30° 1224
2412
78
12
Fig. 3.29 Fig. 3.30
10012
12
12
38 38
6250
3630
3
6
2424
18
6
21
6
12
6
18
60
9
42
Fig. 3.31 Fig. 3.32
Orthographic Projections 59
25
16
15
19
22
22
12
50
25
7525
12
63
12
1212
2015
30
20
12
30
R 10
62
1520
15
30°
1515
2 HOLES,DIA 15
12125
6212
12
2 HOLES,DIA 12
Fig. 3.33 Fig. 3.34
36
R 30
9045
3024
35
7250 10 70
145
R 12
2424
25
50
f 24
5 5
36
f30
f55
R 25
12
24
12
12
f 18
100
70
35
3050
38
18
140
85
18
18
3
2 HOLES,DIA 16
f 40
20
Fig. 3.35 Fig. 3.36
60 Machine Drawing
3738
1212
1231
50 75
20025
17562 25
38
50
100 5012
5050
75
�25
12
80
5
R13
R13
20
6
R231110
R16
15
222438
10
2242
f1546248
� 9
OIL HOLE,DIA 3
36f
18f28
54
102 HOLES,
DIA 12
18
10
20
82
10
1846 6154 54
R 18
R 28
10
R 3
R 101020
72
45
10
24
f10
1060°
30°
24 44
1045°
5
96
6036
24
18
12
1030
60
1212 10
60°
Fig. 3.37 Fig. 3.38
3.5 Draw (i) the view from the front, (ii) the view fromthe right and (iii) the view from the left of the ob-ject shown in Fig. 3.39.
3.6 Draw (i) the view from the front and(ii) the view from the left of the ob-jects shown in Figs. 3.40, 3.41, 3.42and 3.43.
Fig. 3.39
Fig. 3.40
Orthographic Projections 61
22 40
100
10
36
2012
35
70
DIA 12,DEEP 16
R 25
R 1620
26
12
26
46
f50
f25
141212
18
36
1230
15
1518
f 36f 15
85
3
501814
12
22
4011
0
18
18
34
f 32
f 50
Fig. 3.41 Fig. 3.42
12
R 18
60 12
36
R 18
R8 922
12
25
1290
60
1212
25
25
f18
Fig. 3.43
3.7 Isometric views of a few objects are given on the left hand side of Fig. 3.44. The orthographicviews are shown on the right side. Name the views.
3.8 Two views of each object are given in Fig. 3.45. Sketch the missing views of the same.
Sectional Views 67
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4.1 Figure 4.6 shows the isometric view of a machine block and (i) the sectional view from thefront, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the sectional view from the left.
15
8
810
20
10
5 1510
20
8
24
28
25
8
103580 35
30
100
308 8
8
827
1525
2040
100
(a)
2410
88
15
25
80
(b)
Fig. 4.6 Machine block
68 Machine Drawing
4.2 Figure 4.7 shows the isometric view of a shaft support. Sectional view from the front, theview from above and the view from the right are also shown in the figure.
f 50DIA 20 C BORE DIA 30
DEEP 6¢
28 12
f 6
R 15
10
35
35
2 HOLES,DIA 12 (a)
2810
f 50f 30
6
12
f6
f12
70 15
f20
f20
2 HOLES,DIA12
R 15
(b)
Fig. 4.7 Shaft support
4.3 Figure 4.8 shows the isometric view of a machine component along with the sectional viewfrom the front, the view from above and the view from the left.
4.4 Figure 4.9 shows a sliding block and (i) the view from the front, (ii) the view from aboveand (iii) the sectional view from the right.
Sectional Views 69
(a)
40R24
32
8
8 f 32 5690
f 566
40
90
24
56
R
328
8
f56
6
f 32
(b)
Fig. 4.8 Machine component
DIA 20 C BOREDIA 50 DEEP 10
¢
8545
20
10
4290
25
180
45
70
25f 30
R 3020
5515
15
10
f50
42
f 20
9018
0
45
1515 553520
80
f 30
R 30
8545 20
2510
70
(a) (b)
Fig. 4.9 Sliding block
4.5 Figure 4.10 shows the orthographic views of a yoke. The figure also shows the sectionalview from the front, the sectional view from the right and the view from above.
4.6 Figure 4.11 shows the orthographic views of a bearing bracket. The sectional view fromthe right and view from above are developed and shown in the figure.
70 Machine Drawing
252575
25
R10
View from the right
f 55f 35 R10
20
7010
20 60160
View from the front(a)
Sectional viewfrom the right
Sectional view from the front
View from above
(b)
Fig. 4.10 Yoke
f45
DIA3 CSK DIA 5
24 10 24
55 21
20
f 20
15
R 10 R 10
75
115145
f 1475
(a)
Fig. 4.11 Bearing bracket (Contd.)
Sectional Views 71
X - X
f45
24 2473
20
XDIA 3 CSK DIA 5f 20
15
75
115145
X
15
342410
5555
2 HOLES,DIA 14
(b)
10
Fig. 4.11 Bearing bracket
THEORY QUESTIONS
4.1 Under what conditions, a sectional view is preferred ?4.2 Describe the different types of sectional views. Explain each one of them by a suitable
example.4.3 What is a full section ?4.4 What is a half section ?4.5 How is a cutting plane represented in the orthographic views for obtaining, (a) full section
and (b) half section ?4.6 What is an auxiliary section and when is it used ?
DRAWING EXERCISES
4.1 Draw (i) sectional view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the view from theright of the vice body shown in Fig. 4.12.
4.2 Draw (i) the sectional view from the front and (ii) the view from the left of the slidingsupport, shown in Fig. 4.13.
72 Machine Drawing
M 15R 15
25
30
55
22
22
3580
R 28
70
50 2020
20
20
70
32 180
5
2 HOLES,DIA 8
48
48
38f
30R 22
15
3244
6420
34 7
10
f20
638
54
Fig. 4.12 Vice body Fig. 4.13 Sliding support
4.3 Draw (i) the sectional view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the view fromright of the shaft bracket shown in Fig. 4.14.
4.4 Draw (i) the sectional view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the view fromthe left and (iv) the view from the right of an anchor bracket shown in Fig. 4.15.
6
f 25
f 10
3
6
R 6
R 12
6
30
2
R 3
1530
50R20
R 30R15
65
25
15
106075
Fig. 4.14 Shaft bracket Fig. 4.15 Anchor bracket
4.5 Draw (i) the sectional view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the view fromthe left of a fork shown in Fig. 4.16.
4.6 Draw (i) the view from the front, (ii) sectional view from above and (iii) the view from theright of a depth stop shown in Fig. 4.17.
4.7 Draw (i) the view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the sectional view fromthe left of a centering bearing shown in Fig. 4.18.
4.8 Draw (i) the view from the front and (ii) the sectional view from above of a flange connectorshown in Fig. 4.19.
4.9 Draw (i) the sectional view from the front and (ii) the view from above of a bearing bracketshown in Fig. 4.20.
Sectional Views 73
f 80
20
20
80
15
20 80
f 30
55
f 30
� 60
15
7
6
10
20
f 26f 14
6
73
55
30
f 32f 48
f5
Fig. 4.16 Fork Fig. 4.17 Depth stop
f 100
f 40f 3215
5 40
4 HOLES, DIA 6EQUI-SP
4 HOLES, DIA 10EQUI-SP ON
80 PCD
3 × 45°
10
R 25
R 20
f 60
2515
5
10
9030
3
4 HOLES, DIA 10ON 80 PCD
80
40R 21
f 30
45°
R 55
R 95
5
45
10
2 HOLES,DIA 14
R 12
Fig. 4.18 Centering bearing Fig. 4.19 Flange connector
4.10 Draw (i) the sectional view from the front and (ii) the view from the left of a shaft supportshown in Fig. 4.21.
4.11 Draw (i) the sectional view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the view fromthe left of a motor bracket shown in Fig. 4.22.
4.12 Draw (i) the sectional view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the view fromthe left of a machine block shown in Fig. 3.35.
4.13 Draw (i) the sectional view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the view fromthe right of a shaft support shown in Fig. 3.37.
4.14 Draw (i) the sectional view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the view fromthe left of a sliding block shown in Fig. 3.40.
4.15 Draw (i) the sectional view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the view fromthe left of a vice body shown in Fig. 3.41.
4.16 Develop the sectional view from left, from the orthographic views of a sliding bracket givenin Fig. 4.23.
74 Machine Drawing
120
30
9070
18
20f15f15
612
R 42
R 18
24 12
655
f 40f 80125
R 12
14
3515
4 HOLES,DIA 10
10
5080
6090120
30
510
WEB 10
60
60 f 70
f 50
Fig. 4.20 Bearing bracket Fig. 4.21 Shaft support
12
M 5
55
3
R8f6
517.5
17.5 17
25
DIA 6,DEEP 12
30
3
3Through slot25
33
33
R12
21
f25
f16
20
f 40f 06
60
6
40408
8
2014
90
406010
20
Fig. 4.22 Motor bracket Fig. 4.23 Sliding bracket
4.17 Develop the sectional view from left, from the orthographic views of a shaft bearinggiven in Fig. 4.24.
4.18 Develop the sectional view from the front of the shifter, from the orthographic viewsshown in Fig. 4.25.
4.19 Develop (i) the sectional view from above and (ii) the view from the left of shaftbracket, from the orthographic views shown in Fig. 4.26.
4.20 Develop the sectional view from the left of a hanger, from the orthographic viewsshown in Fig. 4.27.
Sectional Views 75
30 30
50100
2 HOLES,DIA 15
12
110
30
7530
f20
f30
f60
12
10 35
1212
36
75
22
4222
6
M 6
46
2220
2.5
f 7.5
f 24f 4812
18 85 30
Fig. 4.24 Shaft bearing Fig. 4.25 Shifter
R 5045°
20
SLOT, 14
f 30 R 25
30
7512
75 50
1502 HOLES, DIA 20
CSK DIA 40
7010
09030
45
210
12
2472
10727212
10
f 36 f 60
R 60
4 HOLES, DIA 10
123660
20 20
Fig. 4.26 Shaft bracket Fig. 4.27 Hanger
76 Machine Drawing
4.21 Develop (i) the view from above and (ii) the sectional view from the left of a lever,from the orthographic views shown in Fig. 4.28.
f4030
253
6
12
f40
3220
20
f 18
100 10
25
30°
f 18
32 M 8
6516
16 25
DIA3 CSK DIA 5
Fig. 4.28 Lever
9.3
48.5
24.2
9.8 4.5
11.9
48.5
3
8
R 3.2
1.6R
57.2
8
9.8
16.7
34.9
3R
8
34.7
3.2
8.9
5
41.2
5
16.7
16.7
4.5
20.2
20.2
13
2.5
4.5
R3
3R
R3
R3
14.3
19.9
3.2
R3
±0.3 30.7
24.2
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11
Fundamentals of Mechanical Drafting 63
