aac & literacy - education support south network · pdf fileaac & literacy developing...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AAC & Literacy
Developing Communication Strategies in the Classroom
Rod Mackintosh English and Communication Specialist
Malibu School
![Page 2: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Me - Teacher/Specialist Teacher (mainstream & special education), - Private Literacy Tutor - Previously at the ILC Tech as an Educational Technology Specialist - Literacy for All has been a lifelong passion - A Voice for All is my current focus
• You - Educational Setting? (Mainstream classes, ESC, ESU, Year?) - Roles and Responsibilities? (Classroom, 1:1, Specialist Area) - Current knowledge? (AAC, ALS, CCN, PODD, SGD, 4 Blocks) - Students with CCN? - Other?
About Us
![Page 3: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
“Everyone has the need to communicate.
The challenge is to figure out a way of providing all individuals with appropriate ways to meet this need, regardless of their age, diagnoses or level of disability.”
(Sigafoos & O‟Reilly, 2004)
Why are we here?
“No student is too anything to be able to read & write”
(David Yoder, 2000)
![Page 4: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why are we here?
![Page 5: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Overview
• Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) • Myths & Questions about AAC • Aided Language Stimulation (ALS) • Engineering the Environment • Low Tech Communication Aids • Vocabulary • AAC & Literacy
![Page 6: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC)
Refers to the extra ways of helping people who find it hard to communicate by speech or writing. - gestures, - sign language, - use of picture symbols, - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech.
AAC helps them to communicate more effectively.
![Page 7: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Who uses AAC?
People with • Complex Communication Needs • Autism Spectrum Disorder • Cerebral Palsy • Intellectual Disability • Downs Syndrome • Unintelligible speech - dyspraxia, dysarthria • Developmental Delay • Brain Injury • Others
![Page 8: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
“A child who is not able to communicate effectively is at great risk for cognitive, social, emotional and
behavioural problems.”
“Communication is critical to a student‟s development from both a personal and educational perspective hence, the
successful integration of an AAC system into the school‟s curriculum program will have a profound impact on
educational outcomes for the student.”
(Berry, 1987; Silverman, 1980).
Why use AAC?
![Page 9: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Everyone communicates • Not having speech is not the same as not understanding • Individuals who have difficulty speaking have the same
right as those who can speak • People learn to communicate in the way they experience
communication being used. • Communication is messy • Communication is interactive • Doesn‟t require perfection! • Communication is not just an activity • Make sure we don‟t miss any students
Burkhart & Porter, 2009 & 2010
AAC – The Assumptions
![Page 10: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Communication - A Multi Modal Process
• Expressive and Receptive • Talking • Facial Expressions • Gestures & Signing • Vocalisations • Pointing • Writing (typing) • Yes/No Response • Low Tech Communication Aids • Voice Output Communication Devices
![Page 12: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Key Word Sign (Makaton)
Key Word Signing
“finish”
![Page 13: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Picture Symbols
![Page 14: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Communication Devices
![Page 15: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Common Myths About AAC
• AAC is a last thing we try when therapy hasn‟t been successful
• AAC stops the development of speech • Children need certain prerequisite skills to be able to use
AAC • Children need to be a certain age to be able to benefit
from AAC • AAC is used for requesting
![Page 16: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Common Questions About AAC
• How early should we begin?
• Will this child ever talk?
• Does the student need to recognise the symbols before we start AAC interventions?
• Is high tech better than low tech?
YAACK - AAC CONNECTING YOUNG KIDS http://aac.unl.edu/yaack/b2.html
![Page 17: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Research tells us ….
• Don‟t wait & see - work towards effective communication now!
• AAC does not interfere with a child‟s ability to develop verbal communication.
(Berry, 1987; Daniels, 1994; Romski & Sevcik, 1993; Konstantareas, 1984; Silverman, 1980)
• We always use speech alongside AAC.
• AAC should not replace the communication skills that someone already has (speech, vocalisations, gestures).
• Always encourage multiple modes of communication.
Myth Blasters
![Page 18: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Myth Blasters There are no prerequisite skills to commence using AAC.
(Kangas & Lloyd, 1988)
“New concepts/words should be taught by using them, not by expecting a child to first demonstrate understanding of them and promoting passive interaction. Recognising and
pointing to symbols in response to questions is a very different skill from initiating a new ideas with those
symbols in conversation” (Cress & Marvin, 2003, p. 271)
When a child‟s earliest communicative acts are difficult to understand, the child‟s need for AAC intervention begins.
![Page 19: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Communication is more than just requesting!
Low and high tech communication aids can be used separately or together.
Different tools for different communication tasks!
Myth Blasters
![Page 20: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
*Aided Language Stimulation (ALS)
A teaching strategy where the facilitator (e.g. parent, educator, therapist) highlights symbols on a communication display while interacting and communicating verbally with the user. - receptive input (provide input before expecting output, plenty of expressive training with opportunities to initiate communication, cues to initiate) - engineer the environment (with aided symbols to enable spontaneous generative use, ensure vocab is always available for use, system design)
*Aided Language Stimulation (Goossens’, Crain & Elder, 1992)
![Page 21: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Spoken language
Aided language??
Spoken Language Development
Spoken language
Spoken language
Child learning aided language
Gayle Porter, 2004
![Page 22: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Aided language
Spoken language Aided language
(Spoken language)
The Goal
Gayle Porter, 2004
![Page 23: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ALS – what does it look like?
![Page 24: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ALS – what does it look like?
![Page 25: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ALS – what does it look like?
![Page 26: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Provide good language stimulation via
- modelling (model the whole process) - expanding - observing - responding/scaffolding (provide structured guidance) - frequent opportunities to see language used - frequent opportunities to communicate - interactive cues and prompts as required Remember to keep your language simple, clear and direct and try to point to the appropriate symbols as you speak. Make sure vocabulary is always available to the user
ALS – what can you do?
![Page 27: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Point to the aided symbols as you speak to the child “Do you want a story?” • Use the symbols to say whatever you would normally
say in the activity “Fast car brrooommm” • Another child/helper/adult facilitator can model what the
child could say during the interaction
• Respond to any attempt the student makes to communicate
• Does the student have to say it aloud? Avoid .. “say it”
ALS – how do you do it?
![Page 28: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
expect children to communicate expect others to use AAC systems engineer the school environment set up the classroom for ALS make communication systems always available vocabulary input (receptive before expressive) expand the variety of communicative functions use conversational language (avoid extraneous language) expect delayed processing time sabotage and create opportunities use multiple communication systems
ALS – how do you make it work?
![Page 29: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
understanding that the initial goal is to provide receptive input in order to stimulate the development of expressive communication
reluctance to „jump in‟ and provide vocabulary for learning via receptive input
design of displays to enable rich language input
time spent trying to design and make „perfect‟ displays before starting to provide receptive input
organising displays so you can access the vocab you need when you need it
ALS – what are the issues?
![Page 30: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
…. to reach their communication potential!
We need to….
the potential in every student to improve their communication skills
every student through access to vocabulary and technology
![Page 31: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Engineering the Environment
Using Symbols in the Classroom
![Page 32: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Engineering the Environment
Visual Supports
• Schedules
• Mini Schedules
• Calendars
• Social Stories
• Checklists
• Chat Book
• Behaviour Supports
![Page 33: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Low tech Communication Aids
• Personal communication dictionaries • Personal chat books and journals • Core vocabulary desktop placemats • Activity boards/answer displays/topic displays • Playground communication vests • Behaviour management displays • Bathroom and personal hygiene displays • Comfort displays
Engineering the Environment
![Page 36: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Low tech Communication Aids
• Book reading displays • Story specific displays • Literacy displays • Narrative/Anecdote displays • General interaction placemats and displays • Community interaction aids • Communication books (complex general aid) • PODD communication books
Engineering the Environment
![Page 37: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Desktop Placemat
![Page 38: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Desktop Placemat
![Page 39: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Core Vocabulary - Activity
![Page 40: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Core Vocabulary - Activity
![Page 41: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Comfort Display
![Page 42: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Playground Vest
![Page 43: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Activity Display
![Page 44: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Activity Display
![Page 45: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Activity Display
![Page 46: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Activity Display
![Page 47: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Activity Display
![Page 48: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Computer Surround
![Page 49: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
AAC in the Classroom
![Page 50: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
AAC in the Classroom
![Page 51: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Vocabulary
Choose words: • that are related to the communication situation or activity
• that the students would use (sample mainstream)
• that you would use to model
• that encourage a range of communication functions - requesting (juice, puzzle, computer) - commenting (cool, oops, boring) - core words (I, you, like, go, stop. more)
![Page 52: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
LOSER!
![Page 53: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
“Yucky”
“Gooey” “Wash?”
“Look!”
![Page 54: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Core Vocabulary
(Trembath et al., 2007)
“Children used a core vocabulary comprising 263 words,
which accounted for 79.8% of their total communication sample.”
![Page 56: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Core Vocabulary: an Australian study you I/ I‟m the it a
no and can that my in this me one do/ don‟t go on/ off have get What
look there we is Your here he not hey Got are oh put up now out big did down of like where be see because
know okay them yeah/ yep want c‟mon um ah wanna yes over play with come mine need Spiderman but mum where‟s
dwanna hello away friend found baby sit doing she so
remember making yummy who why hat please other dad gone
drink quick name lunch green
(Trembath et al., 2007)
![Page 57: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
“Approximately 70% of individuals with severe communication impairments are
significantly behind their peers in literacy learning.”
(Koppenhaver & Yoder, 1992)
AAC & Literacy
For people who have complex communication needs, literacy is an important key to unlocking communication
barriers and improving quality of life.
![Page 58: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
“… no symbol system, no matter how linguistically-based or how many thousands of items it can represent, can compare to the alphabet.
With just a small set of letters (for example, 26 in
English), any literate individual who has complex communication needs can write anything, in any way she or he chooses.”
(ACN, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1996)
AAC & Literacy
![Page 59: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
AAC & Literacy
Three of the main ingredients needed to help create a literate person:
• print rich environment (labels and models) • access to writing and reading (play with books, draw, pretend to be readers &
writers) • interactive storybook reading (read frequently, relate to experiences, contribute in
some way)
Steelman, Pierce, Coleman & Koppenhaver, 1992
![Page 60: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Participation for students with CCN • If they have a comprehensive communication system (eg
PODD) then they can use that to participate across the day;
• If they don‟t then we need to provide ways for them to participate;
• AND we need to work towards getting them a comprehensive communication system.
AAC & Literacy
![Page 61: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
AAC & Literacy
Provide comprehensive AAC supports to: - Model and expand an extensive vocabulary - Activate background knowledge with a student - Set a wide range of purposes - Enables students to: - Relate information about life experiences and other texts
![Page 62: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
AAC & Literacy
Strategies to develop Literacy for CCN students: • Use a vocabulary set derived from the target story
throughout the day (that is, for multiple activities)
• Facilitate repeated readings
• Provide opportunities to see themselves as literate
• Provide opportunities to participate
![Page 63: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
AAC & Literacy in the Classroom
![Page 64: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
AAC & Literacy in the Classroom
![Page 65: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
“Literacy doesn’t just happen, it is cultivated over time…”
“Literacy learning cannot be allotted to one hour per day within the school curriculum nor delegated to only the
classroom teacher, education assistant, special educator or speech pathologist; it is a team effort, to be accomplished
throughout the day, at school and at home.”
Steelman, Coleman & Koppenhaver, 1992
![Page 66: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
One Voice
![Page 67: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
References
• Berry, J. O. (1987). Strategies for involving parents in programs for young children using augmentative and alternative communication. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 3, 90-93.
• Blockberger, S. (1995). AAC intervention and early conceptual and lexical development, Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, 19, 221-232.
• Cress, C.J., & Martin, C.A. (2003). Common Questions about AAC Services in Early Intervention. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 19 (4), 254-272.
• Crossley, R. (1999). Talking politics: empowering communication and users. TASH Newsletter 25(7/8), 8-11.
![Page 68: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
References
• Daniels, M. (1994). The effect of sign on hearing children's language. Communication Education, 43, 291-298.
• Department of Education, (2001) Students with Physical impairment: Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Brisbane, QLD
• Goossens‟, C., Crain, S. and Elder, P. (1992) Engineering the pre-school environment for interactive symbolic communication
• Kangas, K. A., & Lloyd, L. L. (1988). Early cognitive skills as prerequisites to augmentative and alternative communication use: What are we waiting for? Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 4, 211-221.
![Page 69: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
References
• Konstantareas, M. M. (1984). Sign language as a communication prosthesis with language-impaired children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 14, 9-25.
• McDonald, T. (1997). Communication and people with several intellectual disabilities. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
• Romski, M. A., & Sevcik, R. A. (1993). Language learning through augmented means: The process and its products. In Steven F. Warren, & Joe Reichle (Eds.), Enhancing children's communication: Vol 2. Communication and language intervention series. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
![Page 70: AAC & Literacy - Education Support South Network · PDF fileAAC & Literacy Developing ... - the alphabet or - devices that produce digitised or synthesised speech. ... communication](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022505/5ab96c1e7f8b9ac10d8e341b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
References • Sigafoos, J., & Reilly, M.F. (2004). Providing the means for
communicative ends: Introduction to the special issue on Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Disability and Rehabilitation, 26 (21-22), 1229-1230. Silverman, F. H. (1980). Communication for the speechless (3rd ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
• Silverman, F. H. (1980). Communication for the speechless (3rd ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
• Trembath, D., & Balandin, S., & Togher, L. (2007). Vocabulary selection for Australian children who use augmentative and alternative communication. Journal of Intellectual & Development Disabilities, 32 (4), 291-301.