aagw2010 june 09 meshack nyabenge where is gis unit in icraf world agroforestry centre
TRANSCRIPT
Where is GIS Unit in
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
Research and Development
Mr. Meshack Nyabenge,
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) P. O Box 30667 00100
Nairobi, Kenya,
E-mail: [email protected]
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Wow! See ICRAF Recipe !!!
1. Pro-poor Rewards for Environmental
Services in Africa (PRESA).
2. Mapping Rainwater Harvesting
domain in Africa
3. Targeting biofuel investment in
Eastern Africa countries and beyond
4. Soil Health Surveillance Protocol
5. GIS in Irrigation Master Plan
6. Conservation Agriculture with Trees
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Pro-poor Rewards for Environmental
Services in Africa (PRESA).
Goal: smallholder farmers and residents living in the highlands of East
and West Africa benefit from fair and effective agreements between
stewards and beneficiaries of ecosystem services.
Objectives:
1. Foster workable environmental service
agreements.
2. Catalyze policy support and private-sector
participation in environmental service agreements
3. Community of Practice: Provide support to
researchers, NGOs and government agencies
interested in pro-poor rewards for environmental
services in Africa
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Sites
Characteristics of PRESA sites
• Fragile eco-systems
• Reported conflicts in use of
environmental services
• Over exploitation of ES leading
degradation.
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Shamba
system
fields Sasumua
Reservoir,
Kenya
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Sasumua Watershed
• Located in Nyandarua South District, Central Kenya.
• Consists of three sub-watershed Sasumua, Chania, Kiburu.
• Provide more than a third of drinking water for City of Nairobi.
• Located in agricultural area, forest reserve and Aberedare National Park- presenting a
fragile-ecosystem, source conflict, and over exploitation of environmental services
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Adopt the concept and framework of Pro-poor
Rewards for Environmental Services in Africa
• Awareness creation through several meeting with communities and
stakeholders.
• Scientific inventory and analysis of environmental services (soil, water,
landuse, land tenure, environmental audit)
• Involvement of community and stakeholder during data collection and
interpretation supported by community-based knowledge.
• Stakeholder workshop for reporting and calibrating scientific findings
and identification keys development issues for sustainable management
of Sasumua system
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Soil: Assessment of Land Degradation
• Using Soil Health Surveillance Protocol developed by ICRAF scientists, the
following sites were identified as areas with different erosion risk
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Hydrological Modeling and Water Quality
Assessment
• Water quality measurements at selected sampling points during dry
and wet season.
• Watershed modeling using Soil and Water Assessment Tool, (SWAT)
a watershed scale model developed in the USA (Neitsch et. Al, 2002).
• Mingutii subcatchment both
from the cropped land and
stream corridor
• Little Sasumua subcatchment
(40% cropped land, 60% forest)
• Roads, paths, cattle tracks
contribute substantial sediment
Sources of Sediment• Best management practices on
agricultural land
– Grassed waterways
• Stream bank stabilization and protection
– Riparian buffer strips
• Road drainage
• Drainage of built-up areas: Njabini, Kwa Haraka, Githioro, Kanyenya-ini
• Sediment traps
Strategies for reducing
erosion and sedimentation
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Water Yield
Flow % Mean Flow
m3/s
Sasumua River 66 1.72
Chania River 21 0.54
Kiburu 13 0.33
#
##
##
####
##
## ######
##
####
##########
###
##
%[&\
7
5
13
15
6
8
2
4
24
14
1
30
3
36
3125
20
17
21
11
16
34
28
10
35
19
38
32
2218
12
26
9
27
23
29
37
33
Sasumua
River, 67 %
Chania River,
21 %
Kiburu River,
13 %
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Landuse Change• To understand long-term utilization of resources, time series (1985-2007) landuse changes
from satellite remote sensing images was undertaken.
19851995
2000 2007
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Landuse Change
Landcover Change between 1985 and 2007
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
area1985 area1995 area2000 area2007
Year
Are
a (
km
2)
Agriculture
Woodlot
Degraded forest
Forest
Fallow
1. Population increase
resulting high intensity
in agriculture
2. Land tenure changes.
3. Policy ( Shamba
farming systems)
Drivers of Change
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Land Tenure
1. The land was considered crown land and
was allocated to European farmers by the
colonial government as large scale
commercial farms on 999 year agricultural
leases.
2. The total land area in the basin is 5593
hectares and 49% was taken up by the
leasehold farms.
3. The population on these farms was low as it
often comprised only the settler farmer and
his laborers. Entry into the white highlands
was restricted and the laborers were not
allowed to come with their families.
4. Movement permits were used to regulate
the movement into and out of the region by
locals. Agricultural activities tended to be
expansive rather than intensive due to the
large size of the farm units.
Leasehold agricultural land (1964)
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Land Tenure
1. The Settlement Fund Trustee (SFT) was set up by
the post independence government under the
agriculture Act Cap 347, to identify, plan and
allocate land to local farmers.
2. The farmers were allocated land and given seed
money to set up their farms. They were to pay for
the land and the seed money over a period of 25
years after which they obtained freehold titles.
3. The large scale farms were purchased by the
government and converted to settlement
schemes. The resettlement exercise was started
in 1964 and continued into the 1970s.
4. By 1980 most of the prime land had been
allocated but due to consistent demand even
marginal areas were converted to settlement
schemes. In the Sasumua watershed all leasehold
farms were converted to settlement schemes.
Post independence freehold agricultural land (2008)
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Environmental Audit Findings
• Persistent grazing along the riparian reserve, which affects groundcover thus
protection of the river
• Pollution from livestock, especially those grazing along the riparian reserve
• Planting of eucalyptus trees in proximity to the riverbanks
• Inadequate physical infrastructure, especially heavy reliance on pit latrines and
weak solid waste management mechanisms
• Weak physical infrastructure as exemplified by lack of land use planning
• Weak community participation in natural resource management, local
community’s access to water
• Reintroduction/illegal farming in the forest
• Dwindling water resources against rising demand
• Continued rapid growth of urbanization and intensification of farming will continue
to place a lot pressure on the dam.
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Stakeholder Workshop
• Presented all scientific findings
• Deliberation on keys issue of ES (water, policy, landuse\
agriculture, community role and other stakeholder)
• Explore benefits community can get or continue to enjoy from
positive contribution in sustaining Sasumua system.
• Way forward.
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Mapping Rainwater Harvesting
domain
• Rainwater Harvesting is a simple, low cost water management technique that
involves the intentional capturing & storage of rainwater as, when, and where it falls
for domestic, agricultural, industrial and environmental use.
• There are numerous positive benefits for RWH.
– The technology is low cost, highly decentralized empowering individuals and
communities to manage their water.
– It has been used to improve access to water and sanitation at the local level.
– In agriculture rainwater harvesting has demonstrated the potential of doubling
food production by 100% compared to the 10% increase from irrigation.
• Rainwater harvesting domain refers to the area pre-dominated by a particular type of
water harvesting technology. Examples include rooftop, runoff and in-situ domains.
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Mapping RWH in Africa and11 African countries
• Mapping RWH domain refer to characterization of biophysical variables, which influenced type of RWH domain.
• For Example– Rooftop RWH domain-Using rainfall and human population (representing rooftop at
national level mapping)
• Computing domestic water harvesting potential
• Generic formula for computing roof water harvesting potential is given here below as follows;
•
• Where:
• = Volume of harvested rainwater (m3)
• = Area of the roof surface (m2)
• = Precipitation (m)
• = Runoff coefficient (Dimensionless)
• = Roof pitch (Dimensionless)
• = Probability of rainfall occurrence (Often taken as 0.67 for Eastern Africa region)
– Insitu RWH-Rainfall and landuse
– Runoff RWH-Rainfall and Slope
WH d A f *P *Cd *Pf *
WHd
A f
P
Cd
Pf
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Mapping RWH in Africa and11 African countries
• RWH project started in 2005 between
UNEP and ICRAF
– Mapped Africa and 11 countries, plus
4 cities (Nairobi, Kigali, Dar es
Salaam, Garbarone)
• The main objective of this work was
to demonstrate in spatial domain the
huge potential for RWH in Africa and
thereby provide a tool for advocacy
and decision support in RWH in and
selected countries
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Mapping RWH in Africa and11 African countries –Rooftop RWH
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Rwanda Rooftop RWH mapping
WH d A f *P *Cd *Pf *
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Targeting biofuel investment in
Eastern Africa countries
Goal: Identify where to invest biofuel crops without affecting food security and
maintaining environmental status quo.
• Project was initiated by NGO and ICRAF partners (Vanilla Foundation, GTZ)
in 2006 and still attracting attending beyond Kenya was ICRAF starting point
• In 2008/09, project was extended to Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia and Rwanda
• In 2010, UNEP, ACTs and ICRAF improved Kenya biofuel mapping to support
biofuel and Energy policy.
• Interest in comparing methods and output within Africa is being conceived
and will be documented.
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Targeting biofuel investment in
Eastern Africa countriesAltitude
Temperature Rainfall
Swamp
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Methodology
• The process of biofuel feedstock suitability
mapping is foundered on principles of land
evaluation developed by FAO in 1976, where
matching of the ecological and management
requirements of relevant land use with land
qualities, whilst taking local economic and social
conditions into account (FAO, 1976).
• Instead of targeting variety of crops and selecting
one or more with higher socio-economic returns
and optimal biophysical compliance, the process
zero-in one crop at time, and selecting land areas
with both optimal biophysical and socio-economic
scores.
11
min
max11
min
max11
min
max1,1 yx
a
ayx
r
ryx
t
tyx SoilART
Suitability=
Where T=Temperature;
tmin=minimum temperature
value; tmax=maximum
temperature value; (x1,y1)
location of temperature value,
R= rainfall; A=altitude.
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
Results
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
What ICRAF GIS Can Sell to MPs
• Data on Tree cover, species and role in rural health,
food security (fodder fertilizer), carbon market
negotiation, etc
• Tools and data from Soil Health Surveillance
Protocols (http://intranet.icraf.cgiar.org/)
• Capacity building and general support in Rainwater
Harvesting and biofuel mapping and analysis (in MP
6 and others)
• Support irrigation master planning from GIS
perspective (come for tomorrow presentation)
June 17, 2010
W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R EICRAF GIS UNIT Meshack Nyabenge
What do we NEED to handle keys research in MP6 and others?