aaldi 2011 himachal
TRANSCRIPT
Contents (i)
National Conference on Agricultural Librarians
and user Community (NCALUC) – 2011 (17-19 November, 2011)
Transformation of
Agricultural Libraries in Collaborative Era
Contents (ii)
Contents (iii)
National Conference on Agricultural Librarians and user Community (NCALUC) – 2011
(17-19 November, 2011)
Transformation of Agricultural Libraries in Collaborative Era
Organized by Association of Agricultural Librarians and Documentalists of India
and Satynand Stokes Library
Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry Nauni, Solan (Himachal Pradesh)
Edited by Dr. M.S. Pathania
Dr. K. Veeranjaneyulu Dr. Indervir Malhan Prof. Prem Singh
Dr. P. Visakhi
BS Publications A unit of BSP Books Pvt. Ltd. 4-4-309, Giriraj Lane, Sultan Bazar, Hyderabad - 500 095 - A.P. Phone : 040 - 23445605, 23445688
Contents (iv)
© 2012, by Publisher
All rights reserved. No part of this book or parts thereof may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any language or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publishers.
Published by :
BS Publications A unit of BSP Books Pvt. Ltd. 4-4-309, Giriraj Lane, Sultan Bazar, Hyderabad - 500 095 - A.P. Phone : 040 - 23445605, 23445688 e-mail : [email protected] www.bspublications.net
Printed at: Aditya Offset Process (I) Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad.
ISBN : 978-93-81075-59-3
Contents (v)
Foreword
Libraries play a pivotal role in the dissemination of knowledge & information and are an important element of the foundation of knowledge economy. No library can afford to house all the documents that are published in the area of its specialization. As such functional resource sharing/networking among the libraries has become a necessity. Previously, libraries have been procuring print versions of the journals and literatures to meet their knowledge needs. With the advent of internet facilities and advancement of web technology, almost all reputed journals are available on-line and can be easily accessed by the scientists/teachers over the network. The ICAR has provided network connectivity across the institutes and SAUs, and select journals are available over the network for the use of scientific community through Consortium for e-Resources in Agriculture (CERA). This has resulted in tremendous savings in the foreign exchange besides creating an e-access culture among scientists and students. This National Conference is one such mechanism to take stock of the consortial/ collaborative activities based challenges. It is matter of great satisfaction that there is tremendous response to this conference. Out of all received 68 papers, 64 have been selected for inclusion in pre-conference volume which is presented in the form of book entitled, “Transformation of Agricultural Libraries in Collaborative Era: Issues and Trends”. I am glad to know that few papers supporting information seeking behavior; copy right and IPR issues, e-learning and e-publishing have also been included in this volume. I am eagerly looking forward to the learned outcomes and valuable recommendations of this national conference. I wish the National Conference on, “Transformation of Agricultural Libraries in the Collaborative Era,” a great success.
(K.R. Dhiman)
DR KR DHIMAN Vice Chancellor
Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan - 173 230 Himachal Pradesh (INDIA)
Contents (vi)
Contents (vii)
Preface
The growth of the information and communication technology changed the entire library activities from traditional to digital and printed documents to e-resources. The application of information and communication technology in libraries has provided great opportunities for e-resources distributed them the way the user preferred. Modern libraries now adopting various electronic resources for its collection development in a better way and the users are accessing these resources in their fingertips as and when they required. However, to provide better electronic resources in this digital environment, there is a need to select, evaluate and organize the e-resource in the best possible way to provide maximum use, both to the users and the staff by its access and retrieve at all times. The use of digital information in the modern world is increasing at a phenomenal rate. At the same time an increasing proportion of new information is being conceived, produced and distributed in electronic form and management of these resources has become challenge to the librarians and other information professionals. Digital libraries have emerged as a crucial component of global information. The growth of Internet, the increased sophistication of web based tools and campus networks within the organizations have changed the role of libraries. Huge volumes of data are available in this networked environment for academic and research sharing. The concern is how to integrate and handle this information and how quickly and seemingly access can be provided. Content Management increases document management efficiencies to capture, manage, store, preserve and deliver content. The progress of research in agricultural fields and improvement of production essentially requires timely supply of information to agricultural scientists. It is not possible to achieve self-sufficiency in food production without adequate information supply to agricultural scientists. The sources of agricultural information and users are widely scattered globally. To bridge this gap, we need Agricultural Information System in collaborative era to provide latest information to the agricultural scientists, teachers and extension specialists. The theme of the National Conference “Transformation of Agricultural Libraries in Collaborative Era” is chosen because of its importance and relevance to the present global scenario. It is high time that the traditional library services of agricultural libraries have to be transformed in the context of digital resources. Given the importance of the theme, there was tremendous response from many library professionals from all over the country who have submitted papers on various sub-themes related to library services. After editing and scrutiny by experts, the editors had to reject some papers which did not fit into the theme and/or ‘not up-to-the-mark’, which is inevitable. The contributors of articles included in this volume are mostly from scientific, research and academic institutions. Many of the articles report the experience of these authors in handling the digital resources and services. The articles have been grouped into the following categories though few overlapping could not be avoided.
Contents (viii)
1. Library Automation, RFID, Networking and ICT 2. E-Resources, Information Portals, Gateways, Digital Library and Institutional
Repositories 3. Resource Sharing and Consortia 4. Semantic Web and Web 2.0/3.0 5. E-Learning, Human Resources, Marketing, Open Source and Copyright 6. Information Seeking Behavior and Information Literacy
We hope that this seminar will create an awareness and interest among LIS professionals on library services in colloborative era and enable them to establish a unique place in the globalized knowledge society. Our sincere thanks to Dr. K.R. Dhiman, Vice-Chancellor, Dr. Y.S. Parmar, University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan (Himachal Pradesh) who has spared his valuable time in writing the Foreword for this volume in a short notice. Finally, the editors are thankful to all those who have contributed, supported and encouraged directly or indirectly and makes this national event a successful. We hope this volume would be useful to the students, researchers, practicing information professionals and faculty in Library and Information Science.
- Editors
(viii) Preface
Contents (ix)
Contents
Foreword ........................................................................................................................ (v) Preface ......................................................................................................................... (vii)
Theme Papers
1. Advances in ICTs and the next level of Services of Agricultural Libraries
Dr I. V. Malhan
1
2. Challenges of Managing Electronic Resources Prof. A S Chandel
10
3. From Copyright to Creative Commons: Addressing Access to Knowledge and Intellectual Property issues in the Internet Era.
Jagtar Singh
22
Library Automation, RFID, Networking and ICT
4. A Practical Approach to Library Automation Harpreet Kaur
25
5. Progressive Approach in Library Automation with Special Reference to SNS Library
Sudhir Gupta and Puja Thakur
34
6. Library Automation and Open Source Software : Issues Related to Integrated Library Management
Rajive Pateria, Seema Parmar and N. Naganna
41
7. Library RFID Management System Abhay L. Parmar and Hasumati H. Shah 49
8. RFID: Management & Security System for Libraries Shyam Bihari Gupta and Shyam Bihari Gupta
58
9. Library Security with an RFID System Y. Gautam
67
Contents (x)
10. Cloud Computing: A New Buzz Bird for Librarians
Mujib Ahmad and Nabi Hasan
72
11. Agricultural Knowledge Bank and Networking in India: Need to Build Capacity among Agricultural Libraries and users for better Development and use
Dr. S. M. Rokade
79
12. Networking of Agricultural Libraries: A Road Ahead Hemanta Kumar Gohain
89
13. Need for Agricultural Information Networking for Madhya Pradesh Dr. Prabhat Pandey, Raghvendra Tripathi, Ajay Shrivastava and Rajive Kumar Pateria
97
14. Knowledge and Skills in ICT : Brief Note R.P. Dhami
103
15. Utilization of ICT for Knowledge Development for Library Users Chandresh A. Shah
107
E-Resources, Information Portals, Gateways, Digital Library
and Institutional Repositories
16. Emerging Technologies: A Gateway to Future libraries Dr. Akhandanand Shukla and Dr. S. N. Singh
113
17. Library Portal: A Gateway of Information Gaurav Gupta and Puja Thakur
126
18. E-Books for Scholarly Research Sudesh Kumar Sood and Sudhir Gupta
133
19. A Study of Open e-Journals in LIS : Facilitating its Features Kaushal Chauhan
139
20. Transforming Agricultural Libraries: Prospects of Web Based Library Services at GBPUAT, Pantnagar
K. P. Saxena and Suman Lata Yadav
152
21. Resource Sharing in the Context of e-Resources R. D. Dabhi, B. B. Vaghela and Dr V. V. Ushabala
162
Contents (xi)
22. Electronic Resources: An overview Arun bala gupta and Poonam Sharma
167
23. New Challenges in the Transformation of Traditional Libraries into Digital Environment and their Preservation: A Critical Analysis
Dr. S.N. Pandey, Pankaj Tiwari, Mangay Ram and Kundan Singh
179
24. Impact and use of e-Resources by Scientists in National Research Centre for Citrus (NRCC) Library, Nagpur
C.V. Bankar and Mrunal D Gajbhiye
185
25. Problems and Prospects in Managing e-Resources in Agricultural Library System
Dr. Madhav Pandey
191
26. Creation of Metadata in Digital Libraries and their Application in Information Retrieval
Dr. Rabindra K. Mahapatra
199
27. Building Digital Library Collections in Agricultural Libraries Yashodha Negi, Sudhir Gupta and Dr. H.N. Prasad
210
28. Design and Development of Digital Library of Dissertations using Greenstone: A Case Study of Aligarh Muslim University
K.M. Shibu
218
29. Application of Greenstone digital Library (GSDL) Software in Newspapers Clippings at CRRI : A Case Study
Manoj Kumar Nayak, Sisir Kumar Mohanty and Arun Panda
228
30. Institutional Repositories in Academic and Research Universities in India
Dr. U.S.Jadhav and Dr Suresh Jange
236
31. Institutional Digital Repository of Soil Survey Data: A Case Study of NBSS& LUP
Dr. (Mrs.) Jiji Cyriac
240
32. Evolution of Libraries in the Digital Era : From Physical to Virtual Y. Gautam
249
33. Collection Development and Recent Issues in Digital Library Amit Kumar Pal and Surbhi Saini
256
Contents (xii)
Resource Sharing and Consortia
34. Impact of CERA - A Gateway to e-Resources : An Study Sohan lal
263
35. The Health Science Library Network (HELINET) Consortium in Karnataka : An Overview
K. Ananthnag
273
36. Information Access through Library Consortia N. Naganna, Prof. Mallinath Kumbar and G. Kiran Kumar
278
37. Resource Sharing
Amit Dhar, Ajay Kaundal and Deva Walia
284
38. Consortium: A Worthful Step among the Libraries Praveen Mahajan, Sunita Gupta, Praveen Kumar and Yogita Ahuja
289
39. Resource Sharing through Network in Electronic Era Chandresh A. Shah
302
Semantic Web and Web 2.0/3.0
40. Semantic Web Technologies for Digital Libraries: Developments and Achievements
Dr. Avineni Kishore and Dr. K. Veeranjaneyulu
305
41. Web 2.0 and Beyond: Exploring Web 2.0 for Library Research Pooja Sharma and Sudhir Gupta
314
42. Bibliometric Study of Ph. D. Theses Submitted to Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Dr. Prashant P. Deshmukh
320
43. Journal of Tropical Agriculture : 2006-2010 : A Scientometric Analysis
Dr. Akhtar Hussain, Dr. Nishat Fatima and Mohd Asif Khan
328
44. Mushroom Research Journal: A Bibliometric Study Reeta Bhatia
340
45. Web 2.0 : Building the New Library Arvind Kant Singh and Arvind Kant Singh
345
Contents (xiii)
46. Web 3.0, the Semantic Web the future of the Internet Gaurav Gupta
350
47. New Vision of Semantic Web Pooja Sharma
355
48. Agriculture Libraries: Utility of Information Technology in Collaborative Era
Yashodha Negi, Dr. Neelam Sharma and Sudhir Gupta
363
49. Library Vision - 2020 : Issues of Digital Divide in Knowledge Society for Future
S. N. Pandey, Geetanjali Rana Kanwar, Sheela Tomar, Amita Saklani and Pankaj Tiwari
371
50. Role of Library Professionals and Library in the New Era Raghvendra Tripathi
379
51. Use of Multimedia Technology in Libraries Tufail Ahmed Abdul Munaf Shaikh
384
E-Learning, Human Resources, Marketing, Open Source and Copyright
52. Copyright and fair use : Clash of titans in the Digital Era Stanley Madan Kumar
393
53. Impact of Digital Environment on Academic Library Human Resources
Dr. K. Veeranjaneyulu and N.P. Ravi Kumar
400
54. E-Learning: New Technology Teaches Naresh Chandra Verma
408
55. Role of Open Educational Resources in Open Learning Environment Dr. Kanchan Kamila
414
56. Use of Moodle (LMS) for Development of e-Contents for B.Sc. (Hort.) Degree Students
Mohinder Singh, Rajesh Sharma, P. R. Gupta and R. C. Sharma
425
57. E-Learning in the ICT Environment R. Perumal
429
58. Emerging Paradigms in Virtual Reference Service Gurpreet Singh
433
Contents (xiv)
59. Organization and Dissemination of Traditional Knowledge with
Special Reference to Viral Diseases in Maharashtra, (India) Priyamwada Pramod Joshi and Dr. Surya Nath Singh
444
60. Rural Libraries as a Place for Rural hatt and E-Governance Information Kiosks
Dr. Leena Shah, Prof. Sudhir Kumar and Dr. Chitresh Kala
454
61. Open Access Initiatives and Implications N.P. Ravi Kumar and Dr. K. Veeranjaneyulu
460
62. Marketing of Information Products and Services in India M. Papegowda and V. Srinivasa
465
Information Seeking Behavior and Information Literacy
63. Awareness of Computerized Library Information Services amongst the users at National Library of Veterinary Sciences, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Deemed University), Izatnagar (U.P.)
K. N. Kandpal and S. S. Rawat
473
64. Major Institutional Repositories in India : An Analytical Study Dr. Shalini R Lihitkar and Dr. R. S. Lihitkar
482
65. An Overview of Information Generation and use in Indian Agriculture Dr. Rakesh Mani Sharma
498
66. Information Seeking Behaviour of Research Workers in Agricultural field of West Bengal : A Case Study
Dr. Basak Rina Naiya and G. Kaur
516
67. Use of Information Literacy for Farmers Chandresh A. Shah
525
68. Information Seeking Behaviour of People with Special Reference to Public Libraries in Creating Scientific Awareness
Balbir Kaur Pandher
529
69. Evolution of information seeking behavior in electronic environment in libraries : A paradigm approach
M. K. G. Rajev
543
70. Information Seeking Behavior of the Students at MPKV University Library, Rahuri : A Case Study
D.T. Kalbande, M. Syed Fayyaz, P. A. Shinde and R. N. Ingale
548
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURE : 2006-2010 : A SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Dr. Akhtar Hussain Web Librarian
Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering King Saud University
Post Box 800, Riyadh - 11421 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
E-mail:[email protected]
Dr. Nishat Fatima Senior Assistant Professor
Librarian & Information officer Department of Library and
Information Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
email: [email protected]
Mohd Asif Khan Librarian & Information Officer
Indus Business Academy PlotNo.44,Knowledge Park-3rd Greater NOIDA – 201308 (UP)
email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
A scientometric analysis of the Journal of Tropical Agriculture for the period of 2006-2010 has been conducted. The study demonstrates and elaborates on the various aspects of the Journal, such as its distribution of article by year, authorship patterns, authors degree of collaboration, authorship productivity pattern, distribution of citations by bibliographical forms, subject distributions, citation patterns, rank of cited authors, and geographical distributions of authors. This paper also highlighted application of Bradford’s law of scattering.
Keywords: Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Agriculture Science, Bibliometric, Content Analysis, Open Access journal
INTRODUCTION
The term bibliometrics was first coined by A. Pritchard in 1969. It is a set of methods used to study or measure the texts and information and also stresses the methods of undertaking the counting of books, articles, publications, citations etc., and in general any statistically significant manifestation of recorded information regardless of disciplinary bounds1. This study could be applied to any discipline to find out trends and growth of the literature2 and to portray the quality, maturity and productivity of the journal3.There are many bibliometric studies published in national and international journals on many single journals. Though, there are no studies carried out so far on the Journal of Tropical Agriculture.
The Journal of Tropical Agriculture is a annually peer-reviewed international journal that publishes scientific articles related to crop science, agro ecosystem management and conservation, and in particular the application of biological, engineering, ecological, and social knowledge to the management of agricultural crops in the tropics including plantation and horticultural crops. The journal has been published since 1961, initially as the “Agricultural Research Journal of Kerala,” and renamed in 1993 to reflect the changing needs and relevance of the contents. The Journal of Tropical Agriculture is indexed and/or abstracted in CAB
Journal of Tropical Agriculture : 2006-2010 : A Scientometric Analysis 329
Abstracts International, Cababstractsplus, EMBiology, SCOPUS, DOAJ, pkp.sfu.ca/harvester, Google. Scholar, Open J-Gate, CeRA, Animal Science Database, AgBiotechNet, TropHort.com, EBSCO, SCIRUS, Indian Science Abstracts, Chinese Electronic Periodical Services, and Zoological Record4.
RELATED STUDIES
Various authors have done bibliometric/content/citation analyses of papers published in various journals in different fields. Swain5 has conducted a scientometric study of the open access journal Library Philosophy and Practice.Thanuskodi6 has done a biblilometic study of Journal of Social Sciences. Patra et.al.7 has done bibliometric study of literature on bibliometric. Manoj Kumar and Moorthy8 have done ten years bibliometric analysis and content coverage of DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology. Hadimani and Rajgoli9 have done 5-year bibliometric study of Applied Engineering in Agriculture Journal and Verma and Tamrakar10 have analyzed contributions to DSJ.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study is to determine the publication pattern of Journal of Tropical Agriculture devoted to the field of Agricultural Science by collection of citations appended to the articles published during last five years ranging from 2006 to 2010.The main objectives of the study are:
1. To study the year wise distribution of articles and citations;
2. To find out the authorship pattern and degree of authors' collaboration;
3. To identify the authors' most preferred bibliographical forms of citations;
4. To study the geographical distribution of contributors;
5. To identify the leading journals of Agricultural Science by their rank of citations;
6. To evaluate the distribution of country wise prolific authors;
The methodology applicable in the current study is bibliometric scrutiny, which is used to analyses in detail the bibliographic attributes of the articles published in the Journal of Tropical Agriculture from 2006-2010. Five volumes (Vol. 44 to 48) containing five issues of the journal have been taken up for the study. The authors have extracted the information from the Journal of Tropical Agriculture (JTA) website published by Kerala Agricultural University and then used MS-Excel to organize, tabulate and analyze the data for the study.
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
The Journal of Tropical Agriculture have extracted all the details such as author(s), title, year of publication, bibliographical forms of citations, etc. of all articles published from 2006 to 2010 were recorded for the following analysis.
Transformation of Agricultural Libraries in Collaborative Era 330
Citation Analysis
Table1: Distribution of articles and citations by year
Table 1 shows the year wise distribution of articles and corresponding citations. It is found that average citation per article published in JTA has witnessed an increasing trend from 2006 (10.42%) to 2008 (15.85%). On other side the number of articles published from 2009 to 2010 has shown down trend i.e.12.60% to 13.67%. There is a steady increase in number of citations from 2006 (73 citations) to 2008 (111 citations) giving rise to a total of 412 citations during the period from 2006 to 2010.
Authorship Pattern
Table 2: Authorship Pattern
Authors No. of Articles Cumulative
no. of Articles
Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Single 4 4 12.5 12.5
Two 13 17 40.62 53.12
Three 9 26 28.13 81.25
> Three 6 32 18.75 100
Table 2 reflects the authorship contribution pattern of Journal JTA and it is found that the highest i.e 13 numbers of articles (40.62%) are found to be two authored contributions followed by 9 articles with three-authored i.e, 28.1 3% and more than three-authored articles are 6 i.e 18.75%. However, single-authored contributions are found quite less and hence it can be considered as negligible. Therefore, it is deduced that the publication output of JTA is dominated by two authors throughout the publication phase of 2006 to 2010. Year wise breakup of the authorship pattern is depicted in Table 2 for a view.
Year No. of
Articles No. of Book
Reviews Short
Communications Total no. of
Citations Avg. Citation
per Article
2006 7 1 12 73 10.42
2007 7 0 9 83 11.85
2008 7 0 9 111 15.85
2009 5 2 8 63 12.6
2010 6 1 8 82 13.67
Total 32 4 46 412 12.87
Journal of Tropical Agriculture : 2006-2010 : A Scientometric Analysis 331
Authorship Pattern (Year-wise)
Table 3: Authorship Pattern (Year-wise)
Authors 2006 % 2007 % 2008 % 2009 % 2010 % Total
Single 1 14.29 2 28.57 1 14.29 0 0.00 0 0.00 61.14
Two 2 28.57 2 28.57 2 28.57 3 60.00 4 66.67 225.4
Three 3 42.86 2 28.57 2 28.57 1 20.00 1 16.67 145.7
> Three 1 14.29 1 14.29 2 28.57 1 20.00 1 16.67 99.81
Total 7 100.00 7 100.00 7 100.00 5 100.00 6 100.00 532
Table 3 shows that the highest percentage i.e 66.6% of contributions are by two authored in the year 2010 and the lowest of 28.57% was noticed in 2006, 2007 and 2008, It is evident that two authorship trend is in increasing trend from 2006 to 2010 . Unlike two authorship, the three authors trend is in decreasing position from 2006 to 2010 i.e 42.86% to 16.67%. It is also found that more than three-authorship article were doubled in the year 2008 and again drastically downtrodden from 2009. However, contributions of single authorship are not significant except in the year 2007.
Degree of Authors' Collaboration
Table 4: Degree of Authors’ Collaboration
Year Single Authors Multi Authors C
2006 1 6 0.857
2007 2 5 0.714
2008 1 6 0.857
2009 0 5 1
2010 0 6 1
Total 4 28 0.875
The degree of collaboration among authors who were published in LPP is depicted in Table 4. It was calculated using Subramayam's (1983)11 formula (C=Nm/ (Nm+Ns), where C = Degree of collaboration, Nm = number of multi authored works, Ns = number of single authored work. It is observed that the degree of collaboration ranged from 0.714 to 0.857 in the Journal of Tropical Agriculture from 2006 to 2008. As a result, the degree of collaboration in the Journal of Tropical Agriculture is 0714 to 0.857, which clearly indicates the dominance of multi authorship over single authorship in its contributions
Transformation of Agricultural Libraries in Collaborative Era 332
Authorship Productivity Pattern Table 5: Authorship productivity pattern
No. of Articles x
No. of Authors (Observed)
y
Observed %
No. of Authors Expected Expected
%
1 77 95.06 77 73.33
2 3 3.70 19 18.10
3 4
1 0
1.23 0
9 0
8.57 0
The table 5 shows that a total of 81 authors contributed 32 articles published in JTA during 2006 to 2010. The article productivity of authors is analyzed, which indicates that 77 (95.06%) authors contributed just one article. Only 3 (3.70%) authors are produced two articles and only one author produced three articles between 2006 and 2010. To what extent author productivity confirms Lotka's Law12 (cited in Rolands, 200513; Singh et al.14, 2006; Zainab et al, 200915) is being tested in this study. Lotka's Law describes the frequency of publication by authors in a given field by using the formula yx=c/xn, where y is the number of authors credited with x (1, 2, 3…) papers, c is the number of authors contributing one paper, and n is a rate (usually n = 2). Application of Lotka's Law has yielded the following result depicted in Table 5. It is marked from Table 5 that the observed one article percentage is higher, and with two or three articles are lower than the expected percentages which indicates that one author contributed just three articles. The results suggested that in this case the Lotka's Law is not applicable. It was observed that the number of expected authors is more than observed authors. The difference between observed and expected authors is very wide.
Distribution of Citations by Bibliographical forms
Table 6: Bibliographical forms of citations
Sl. No Bibliographical forms No. of
citations Cumulative
citations % Cumulative %
1 Journals 267 267 64.81 64.81
2 Web 3 270 0.73 65.54
3 Books 78 348 18.93 84.47
4 Proceedings 13 361 3.16 87.63
5 Report 36 397 8.74 96.37
6 Reference books 2 399 0.49 96.86
7 Thesis 8 407 1.94 98.80
8 Others 5 412 1.21 100.00
Journal of Tropical Agriculture : 2006-2010 : A Scientometric Analysis 333
The Journal of Tropical Agriculture authors were found to use varied resources for their research (Table 6). Journal articles were found to be the most frequently cited materials contributing 267(64.81%) citations followed by books (348, 18.93% citations), and report (36, 8.74% citations). Concurrently, use of conference proceedings (13, 3.16% citations), thesis (8, 1.94% citations), and others (5, 1.21% citations) were found relatively less.
Year-wise distributions of citations by bibliographical forms
Table 7: Year-wise distribution of bibliographical forms of citations
Year
Jour
nal
Web
Boo
ks
Proc
eedi
ngs
Rep
ort
Ref
eren
ce
Boo
ks
The
sis
Oth
ers
Total
2006 39 1 15 6 10 0 1 1 73 2007 54 1 12 0 11 0 3 2 83 2008 70 0 20 6 11 1 2 1 111 2009 46 1 9 1 3 0 2 1 63 2010 58 0 22 0 1 1 0 0 82 Total 267 3 78 13 36 2 8 5 412
Year wise analysis of citations of resources (Table:7) reveals that journals have received highest citations i.e 70 in the year 2008 while, the lowest for journal recorded 39 citations in the year 2006. Similarly, authors cited most number of books in 2010 (22 citations) and the lowest (9) in the year 2009. At the same time, reports were cited most 11 in the year 2007 and 2008, in the lowest number of citations were reported in the year 2010. On the whole, journal articles accounted for two fifth of citations; books, nearly one-third approximately; and web resources, nearly one-fifth out of total of 412 citations.
Country-wise distribution of contributors
Table 8: Country-wise distribution of contributors
Country No. of Contributors
Cumulative Contributors Percentage Cumulative
Percentage India 39 39 45.35 45.35
Nigeria 20 59 23.26 68.61
China 5 64 5.81 74.42
Brazil 5 69 5.81 80.23
Japan 4 73 4.65 84.88
Kenya 4 77 4.65 89.53
South Africa 3 80 3.49 93.02
Malaysia 3 83 3.49 96.51
Indonesia 2 85 2.33 98.84
Germany 1 86 1.16 100
Transformation of Agricultural Libraries in Collaborative Era 334
Table 8 shows the Country wise contributions of articles. Out of 86 contributions, authors from India have been contributed 39 (45.35%), Nigeria 20 (23.26%), China and Brazil 5 (5.81%), Japan and Kenya 4 (4.65%) similarly. Authors from South Africa, Malaysia, Indonesia and Germany have contributed three, two and one articles each.
Ranking of Contributors Table 9: Ranking of contributors
Rank Name of contributor No. of contributor Country
1 R. Keshavachandran 3 India
2 A.G.O. Dixon 2 Nigeria
=2 B.M. Kumar 2 India
=2 Isaiah I. C. Wakindiki 2 South Africa
3 77 authors contributing 1 each 77 --
There are a total of 86 authors who contributed articles to Journal of Tropical Agriculture during 2006 to 2010. Table 9 reveals that R. Keshavachandran of India is the most leading contributor (3 articles), followed by A.G.O. Dixon from Nigeria, B.M. Kumar from India and Isaiah I. C. Wakindiki from South Africa (2 articles each). There are 77 authors contributing 1 each papers.
Subject wise Distribution of Cited Journals Table 10: Subject-wise Distribution of Articles
Subjects No. of Articles Percentage
Cash Crops 1 3.13
Heritability, 1 3.13
Agroforestry 2 6.25
DNA marker 3 9.38
Biological control 8 25.00
Agricultural resources 4 12.50
Yellow-fleshed cassava 2 6.25
Antagonistic activity 1 3.13
Genetic components 2 6.25
Hydraulic conductivity 1 3.13
Growing stock 1 3.13
Agrobacterium strains 2 6.25
Others* 4 12.50
Total 32 100.00
* Macronutrients, Integrated nutrient management etc.
Journal of Tropical Agriculture : 2006-2010 : A Scientometric Analysis 335
The particulars of subject-wise analysis of articles are shown in the Table 10. In this table shows that a majority of a contributions appeared under biological control 8 (25%). The next position is taken by Agricultural resources and others 4 (12.50%). This is followed by DNA marker 3 (9.38%).There are small numbers of contributions shows in the subject like agroforestry, yellow-fleshed cassava, genetic components, cash crops etc,
Application of Bradford’s Law of Scattering Table 11: Citation trend of journals
Ranks No. of citation
No. of Journal
Cumulative Journals
Cumulative Journals %
Total no of citations of equal rank
Cumulative citations
Cumulative citations %
1 17 1 1 0.65 17 17 6.37
2 11 1 2 1.29 11 28 10.49
3 9 1 3 1.94 9 37 13.86
4 16 2 5 3.23 16 53 19.85
5 7 1 6 3.87 7 60 22.47
6 6 1 7 4.52 6 66 24.72
7 15 3 10 6.45 15 81 30.34
8 4 1 11 7.1 4 85 31.84
9 27 9 20 12.9 27 112 41.95 10 40 20 40 25.81 40 152 56.93 11 115 115 155 100 115 267 100
The extend of articles in journals cited in Journal of Tropical Agriculture followed the pattern predicted by Bradford's Law of Scattering indicating three productive zones (Bradford, 1985)16 where the number of journals published increased from one zone to the next according to the expression 1: n: n2: n3…' Taking the law into the context of the present study, the total 267 journal citations were divided into three zones produces approximately one-third of the total relevance papers. It is understood from the citation trend of journals (Table 11) that the first zone contained 11 journals which is the nuclear zone and journals falling in this zone are called core journals. The second quantum of 67 citations forming the second zone are contained in approximately in next 29 journals, which is the first peripheral zone around the nucleus and journals falling in this zone are known as allied journals. The third or last quantum of 115 citations forming the third zone are contained in next 115 journals, which is second peripheral zone around the first peripheral zone and journals falling in this zone are known as alien journals. The ratio of number of journals in these three zones is 11: 29: 115. This distribution moderately confirms to Bradford's Law. Bradford distribution of journals is depicted in Fig-1. The summaries of division of zones are as:
Zone 1: Top 11 journals that produced 85 (31.84 %) citations Zone 2: Next 29 journals that produced 67 (25.09%) citations Zone 3: Next 115 journals that produced 115 (43.07%) citations
Transformation of Agricultural Libraries in Collaborative Era 336
Fig. 1: Bradford distribution of Journals
Ranking of Journals Table 12: Ranking of journals
Ranks Name of Journals No. of Citations
1 Journal of Tropical Agriculture 17
2 Plant Soil 11
3 Agroforestry Systems 9
4 Euphytica 8
4 Soil Science Society American Journal 8
5 Annals of Botany 7
6 Agronomy Journal 6
7 Journal of Bamboo and Rattan 5
7 Plant Cell Reports 5
7 Transaction of British Mycological Society 5
8 Journal of Timber Development Association 4
9 Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 3
9 Analytical Biochemistry 3
9 Crop Science 3
9 Environmental Science & Pollution Research 3
9 Ground Water 3
9 Journal of Oil Palm Research. 3
9 Photochemistry 3
9 Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 3
9 Soil Biology & Biochemistry 3
Table 12: Contd….
Journal of Tropical Agriculture : 2006-2010 : A Scientometric Analysis 337
10 Advances in Agronomy. 2
10 African Journal of Root and Tuber Crops 2
10 American Journal of Botany 2
10 Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2
10 Applied Soil Ecology 2
10 Atmospheric Environment 2
10 Cell 2
10 Current Science 2
10 Environmental and Experimental Botany 2
10 Field Crops Research 2
10 Journal of Plant Physiology. 2
10 Madras Agricultural Journal 2
10 Nature 2
10 Nigeria Agricultural Journal 2
10 Nucleic Acids Research 2
10 Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 2
10 Phytochemical Bulletin 2
10 SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 2
10 Soil & Tillage Research 2
10 Water Resources Research 2
11 115 Titles with 1 citation 115
Table 12 provides a list of ranked journals (top 10) that were cited in Journal of Tropical Agriculture in their decreasing order of citations. It is found that Journal of Tropical Agriculture leads the table with a record number of 17 citations, followed by Plant Soil (11 citations), and Agroforest. Syst (9 citations). In tandem, Uphytica and Soil Science Society of America Journal which is the source journal take fourth position (8 citations). However, the analysis of this study indicates that authors have fairly used JTA articles as supporting literature in their work
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY The findings of this study can be summarized as follows:
The study shows that the publication of articles in Journal of Tropical Agriculture has witnessed an escalating trend from 2006 to 2010.
The highest numbers of articles are found to be two authored contributions, followed by three-authored and more than three-authored contributions. However, single-authored contributions are found quite less and hence negligible.
It is observed that the degree of collaboration in the Journal of Tropical Agriculture is 0714 to 0.857, which clearly indicates the dominance of multi authors in its contributions
Transformation of Agricultural Libraries in Collaborative Era 338
Author productivity pattern of JTA observed that the number of expected authors is more than observed authors. The difference between observed and expected authors is very wide.
Journal articles were found to be the most frequently cited materials followed by books, and web resources.
The analysis shows that the highest numbers of contributors belong to India, followed by Nigeria, China and Brazil during 2006 to 2010.
It is found that R. Keshavachandran of India is the most leading contributor (3 articles), followed by A.G.O. Dixon from Nigeria, B.M. Kumar from India and Isaiah I. C. Wakindiki from South Africa (2 articles each).
In this study reveals that a majority of contributions come into view under biological control whereas the next position is taken by Agricultural resources and others subjects concerned.
The distribution of journal citations moderately confirms to Bradford's Law. It is found that Journal of Tropical Agriculture leads the table with a record number of 17
citations, followed by Plant Soil (11 citations), and Agroforestry Systems (9 citations).
CONCLUSION The publishing trend totally depends on the output of contributors, patterns of contributions and the quality of research. The year 2006-2008 shows the maximum number of contributions to the Journal of Tropical Agriculture. The majority of the articles were contributed by two authors. Author productivity pattern of JTA was observed that the number of expected authors is more than observed authors. The difference between observed and expected authors is very wide. So in this case the Lotka's Law is not applicable. According to Bradford law the ratio between three zones should be in the ratio 1: n: n2: n3…’ while the ratio 11: 29: 115. It can be inferred that the distribution nearly follow the Bradford’s law. It is registered that R. Keshavachandran, A.G.O. Dixon, B.M.Kumar, and Isaiah I. C. Wakindiki were most proliferate authors who have contributed three articles, two articles each. The Journal of Tropical Agriculture is notably a scholarly journal that stipulates or induces fruitful research for the Agriculture Science profession.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Dr. B. M. Kumar, Editor, Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India. This paper is relevant to those interested in scientometrics and provides an inclusive outline of authorship in the agriculture science community. We are very thankful to Dr.Kumar who has given permission for the preparation of this paper.
REFERENCES 1. Bellis, N.D. (2009). Bibliometric and citation analysis: from science citation index to
cybermetrics, Lanham : Scarecrow Press. p.3 2. Kulkarni, A.P., Poshett, B. and Narwade, G.R. (2009). Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical
education and research (1996-2006) - A bibliometric analysis. Annals of Library and Information Studies 56, pp. 242-248.
Journal of Tropical Agriculture : 2006-2010 : A Scientometric Analysis 339
3. Any, K.W.U., Zainab, A.N. and Anuar, N.B. (2007). Bibliometric studies on single journals: a review. Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science 14(1), pp. 195-200.
4. The Journal of Tropical Agriculture Available at: http://www.jtropag.in/index.php/ojs/index
5. Swain,Dilip K. (2011). Library Philosophy and Practice,2004-2009: A scientometric appraisal. Library Philosophy and Practice. Retrieved from: http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/
6. Thanuskodi, S. (2010). Bibliometric analysis of the journal “Library philosophy and practice from 2005-2009”. Library Philosophy and Practice. Retrieved from: http://www.webpages. uidaho.edu/~mbolin/thanuskodi-lpp.htm
7. Patra, Swapan Kumar; Bhattacharya, Partha and Verma, Neera. (2006). Bibliometric study of literature on bibliometrics. DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology 26(1), pp. 27-32. Retrieved from: http://publications.drdo.gov.in/ojs/index.php/djlit/article/viewFile/82/19
8. Manoj Kumar and Moorthy,A.L. (2011).Bibliometric analysis of DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology during 2001-2010. DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology 31(3), pp.203-208.
9. Hadimani, Manjunath B. and Rajgoli, Iqbal Ahmad U. (2010). Applied Engineering in Agriculture: A five year (2004-2008) citation study. Annals of Library and Information Studies 57, pp.140-145.
10. Verma, N; Tamrakar, R and Sharma, P. (2007). Analysis of contributions in Annals of library and information studies. Annals of Library and Information Studies 54(2), pp. 106-111.
11. Subramanian, K. (1983). Bibliometric studies of research collaboration: A review. Journal of Information Science 6(1), pp. 33-38.
12. Lotka, A.J. (1926). The frequency distribution of scientific productivity. Journal of Washington Academy of Sciences 16(12), pp. 317-23.
13. Rowlands, I. (2005). Emerald authorship data, Lotka's Law and research productivity. Aslib Proceedings 57 (1), pp. 5-10.
14. Singh, G; Mittal, R and Ahmad, M. (2007). A bibliometric study of literature on digital libraries. The Electronic Library 25 (3), pp. 342-348.
15. Zainab, A. N; Ani, K.W.U and Anur, N. B (2009). A single journal study: Malaysian Journal of Computer Science. Malaysian Journal of Computer Science 22(1), pp.1-18.
16. Bradford, S.C. (1985). Sources of information on specific subjects. Journal of information Science 10, pp. 176-180.