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AMMONIA ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION PLANTS (AARP)

Steam / Heat Driven With Knowhow from world leaders Mattes AG., Germany. Wide refrigeration temperatures from + 5oC to 55oC. Accepts Heat source of 85oC. No moving parts, except a robust centrifugal pump. High availability reliability, low maintenance. Fully automatic. No running attention required. Outdoor / rooftop installation possible. Long life even beyond 40 years. Best efficiency up to 30% of rated capacity. Oil-free refrigerant, no fouling problems. Ecofriendly, Complies montreal protocol sustainable development initiatives.TRANSPARENT ENERGY SYSTEMS PRIVATE LIMITEDE-mail : [email protected] , Website :www.tesplaarp.com.

Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants the ideal refrigeration system for new millenium.Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration process was invented in 1850 by Ferdinand P.E. Carre. Transparent Energy offers Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants with technology evolved and perfected over 80 years from world leaders Mattes AG., Germany. AARP ideally fit into the concept of Integrated Energy Systems such as Cogeneration involving Combined generation, Heat refrigeration & Power (CHRP Plants) on various fuels like Biomass, Coal, Natural Gas, Heavy Oil etc. AARP is the first choice of refrigeration on low cost steam / heat produced from fuels like biomass / coal / heavy fuel oil / natural gas or renewable sources like solar, geothermal etc. AARP is excellent energy conservation system to convert waste heat into useful refrigeration. AARP earns Carbon Credits, reduces CO2 emission tax and promotes sustainable development initiatives through energy conservation. AARP uses Ammonia which is known to be one of best ecofriendly refrigerants. AARP replaces hazardous ozone depleting CFC Refrigerants. AARP has wide operating range of +5oC to 55oC. AARP has extreme reliability and very low maintenance because it has no moving parts except a dependable centrifugal pump. AARP has long life of atleast 25 years. Many plants are in operation for more than 40 years.

Air Cooled Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants a boon for Industries having water scarcity.Air cooled AARPs are offered in following two types. Type 1 Using Air cooled remote radiators for heat rejection. The heat from cooling water is rejected in Air cooled fan assisted heat exchangers. The condenser and absorber of AARP is water cooled. Type 2 Ammonia condenser is direct Air Cooled and Absorber is cooled by air cooled remote radiator as in type 1.

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Typical Industrial ApplicationsFood & PharmaceuticalsFreeze Drying Food Refrigeration Cold Storages Dairies Ice Making Plants / Ice Storage. Ice Cream Plants Meat Processing Fish Processing Industries. Blast Freezing Solvent Recovery

Chemical & Process IndustriesRefineries Fertilizer Plants Bulk Drug Plants Pesticide Plants Ammonia Recovery from Liquor Ammonia from Chemical Processes. Solvent Recovery Vapor Ammonia Recovery Chemical Processes

Cogeneration Systems & Power PlantsWaste heat utilization from Reciprocating Engine Jacket Water & Exhaust Gas Heat utilization from Gas Turbine exhaust LP steam from steam turbine exhaust Gas Turbine inlet air cooling Heat from solar, geothermal sources.

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Exclusive FeaturesA) Design & Material of Construction :Heat Exchangers as per AD Merck Blatter. Factory fabricated assembled & modular in construction. Therefore site work is minimal. Operating settings can be changed without change of Hardware Components.

B) Safety & Reliability :Reliable control instruments for proper monitoring of various parameters and interlocks. Systems is controlled through full proof (fool proof?) PLC based control.

D) Capacity & Operating Control of Parameters for Fluctuating Loads & Other Parameters :System can modulate without loss of efficiency over 30 to 100% capacity. Systems can work automatically even on 0 to 100% load variation. System restarts quickly on supply of electric power even after interruption of 20 to 30 minutes and power failure for 20 minutes.

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Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Standard Models.ModelAK 5 AK 10 AK 25 AK 50 AK 70 AK 100 AK 150 AK 200 AK 250 AK 300 AK 400 AK 500 AK 600 AK 750 AK 900 AK 1200 AK 1600 AK 2000

Lowest Refrigeration Temp (Ammonia Evaporation Temp)-30 -30 -30 -30 -30 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55

Highest Capacities Refrigeration (TR)3 7 15 25 40 50 75 100 125 150 200 250 300 375 450 600 800 1000

Note :Refrigeration Capacities & other parameters operation mentioned in above table are indicative only. Exact values depend on various parameters like Heat source temp, Cooling water temp. Refrigeration temp. etc. exact technical specification are application specific and are offered on case to case basis. Refrigeration capacities higher than AK 2000 are met with multiple standard models installed in parallel or with custom designed plants.

Typical Heat Sources for Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants.Steam Hot water Superheated water Hot oil Direct heating Engine / Gas Turbine / Furnace Exhaust Low pressure steam from steam turbine exhaust or similar source Waste heat sources from Industrial processes

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Typical Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant with single stage Absorption & single stage Desorption.Vapor Ammonia Liquid Ammonia Reflux Ammonia Condenser HE6 Cooling Water

Liquid Ammonia Receiver

(V) Liquid Ammonia

WEAK SOLUTION RICH SOLUTION AMMONIA VAPOUR COOLING WATER BRINE STEAM CONDENSATE LIQUID AMMONIA

HE5 Rectification Column

Solution heat exchanger

HE7 Cooling Water

Sub-cooler

HE2 Vapor Ammonia Ammonia Evaporator/ Brine chiller Brine

HE3 Ammonia Desorber Steam / Heat Supply HE4 Poor / Weak Solution Ammonia Absorber Solution Pump Strong Solution

Liquid Ammonia bleed HE8

Bleed Heat Exchanger

HE1

Liquid ammonia evaporates in the evaporator (HE1) to give the refrigeration effect. Ammonia vapours from evaporator are used for sub-cooling (HE2) the liquid ammonia supplied to evaporator. This improves energy efficiency of the plant. Ammonia vapours are absorbed in absorber (HE3). The heat of absorption is removed by cooling water. The strong ammonia solution is pumped to desorber (HE4). Heat is supplied in the desorber to boil off the ammonia from strong solution. These vapours also contain some water vapours due to affinity between ammonia and water. The ammonia vapours are rectified (purified) in the rectifying column (HE5) and generate pure ammonia vapours.

These vapours are condensed (HE6) and liquid ammonia is stored in the receiver (V). The receiver supplies liquid ammonia to evaporator Weak ammonia solution in the desorber is sent to absorber for absorption. A solution heat exchanger (HE7) is provided to cool the weak solution before entering the absorber and preheat the strong solution before entering the desorber. This greatly improves of energy efficiency of the plant. The traces of water in the evaporator are bleed from evaporator to absorber through Bleed Heat Exchanger (HE8). Bleed Heat Exchanger further subcools liquid ammonia and improves efficiency.Xxxxxxxx 5 Page

AARP with single stage Absorption & single Stage Desorption.Single stage Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants are used for refrigeration temperatures ranging from +5 to 55 Deg.C, heat source temperature requirement varies from 95 Deg.C to 180 Deg.C.0.70 Qo/Qh (COP) 0.60 Qo REFRIGERATION CAPACITY Qh REQUIRED HEAT SUPPLY th HEAT, TEMPERATURE (SATUR, STEAM) tw COOLING WATER SUPPLY TEMPERATURE th = 140oC 284oF th = 120oC 248oF th = 180oC 356oF th = 200oC 392oF th = 80oC 76oF

th = 100oC 212oF

0.50

0.40

tw

=1

o 5C

(59

o F)

th = 160oC 320oF

0.30tw =2

5Co

o F) (77

0.20

0.10

tw-60oC -76oF

=

35

o

C

5 (9

o

F)

AMMONIA ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS HEAT RATIO (COP) Qo/Qh = f(to)-40oC -40oF -30oC -22oF -20oC -4oF

-50oC -58oF

Evaporation Temperature to

-10oC 14oF

00C 32oF

AARP having two stages of Absorption.POOR SOLUTION Rectifying Column Desorber Heat Exchanger Receiver Condenser Cooling Water RICH SOLUTION AMMONIA VAPOUR AMMONIA LIQUID COOLING WATER AMMONIA REFLUX STEAM CONDENSATE

Heat Source

These plants are used when two different refrigeration temperatures have to be achieved from the same plant and capacity requirements for both the stages is large and comparable to each other. The absorption of refrigerant vapours at different temperatures is done by the same stream of solution in successive manner. This reduces the solution circulation losses. The requirement of heat source temperature is comparable with singe stage plants. These plants have improved COP and power consumption compared to two separate single stage plants.

Subcooler Cooling Water Absorber 1 Evaporator 2

Bleed Heat Exchanger Cooling Water

Evaporator 1

Absorber 2 Pump

NH3 Bleed

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AARP Two Stage Plants having Two Desorption StagesThe desorption of refrigerant vapours is done at two places, with an intermediate absorption stage.Due to desorption at two places.Rectifying Column Desorber 1 Heat Source Heat Exchanger POOR SOLUTION RICH SOLUTION AMMONIA VAPOUR AMMONIA LIQUID COOLING WATER AMMONIA REFLUX STEAM CONDENSATE

Condenser

Cooling Water

Receiver

Cooling Water Heat Source Heat Exchanger Cooling Water Subcooler Evaporator Absorber Pump NH3 Bleed Bleed Heat Exchanger

Desorber 2

These plants are used for meeting low temperature refrigeration requirements using heat source relatively at lower temperature compared to single stage plant. Typically for refrigeration temperature range of 5 to 55 Deg.C.

AARP working on waste heat from Reciprocating Engine Jacket water & exhaust heat recovery BoilerHeavy Fuel Oil / Natural Gas / Diesel fuel Jacket Hot Water Reciprocating Engine Genset Elect. Power Exhaust Gas from Engine Exhaust Heat Recovery Steam Boiler or Hot Water Generator Electrical Power for Process

Hot Water driven Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant Refrigeration

Exhaust Gas to stack Steam / Heat To Process Plant

Steam / Heat Ice Bank Tank Chilled Water Process

To Process

Steam / Heat driven Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant

Refrigeration

The exhaust heat from the engine is used for generating steam for process requirement or to drive AARP. The heat from engine jacket hot water is used for driving an Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant with or without Ice Bank Tank.Xxxxxxxx 7 Page

Stand-alone AARPs Using heat / steam from agrofuel / coal fired Boilers / Heaters.Agrofuel Fired Hot Water Generator Steam / HeatSTEAM / HEAT AMMONIA ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION PLANT

Vapour Ammonia ICE Plant Liquid Ammonia

Condensate

Cooling Tower

Coldstorages operated by AARP driven on Coal / Agrofuel Fired Boilers / Hot Water GeneratorFuel : Bagasse, Rice Husk Coal

Diesel / Kerosene Fired D.G.Set for Auxillary Power

Standby D.G. Set

Hot Water Return

Exhaust Heat Recovery System 50000 kcal Vapor Ammonia Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant

Cold Storage

Hot Water Generator

Hot Water Supply To AARP

Liquid Ammonia For Refrigeration Cooling Tower

Conventionally cold storages are driven by Compression Cycle Refrigeration Plants. The rising electricity cost and poor availability of electricity has adversely affected the viability of cold storages. The cold storages for vegetables, agro-products, fish and meat products are generally located in remote and agriculturally rich area. The cost of electricity dominates the running cost of cold storage.

Advantages of Cold Storages driven by AARP.The total electricity requirement reduces substantially. A small DG set is adequate for auxiliary power needs of cold storage. The bio-mass and other agro-fuels available locally can be used to drive AARP. The operating cost and maintenance cost of the cold storage is therefore very low. The cold storage can store a wide range of products at different temp. due to versatile AARP. Any other simultaneous refrigeration load such as Ice Plant or Milk Chilling can be met with the same plant.Xxxxxxxx 8 Page

AARP for Pasteurization of Milk with Combined Heating and Cooling on Agro Fuel Fired BoilersAgro Fuel Fired / Steam Boiler / Hot Water Generator Coal / Agro Fuel / Biomass Fuel Hot Water Return Hot Water Supply

Pasteurization of milk involves heating and chilling of milk in predetermined cycle. Also there are other chilling loads such as milk cold storage. There are additional heating loads such as ghee or butter boiling, milkcan washing etc. Conventionally in a small scale dairy industry (typically 50000 lit/day milk handling capacity), the heating of milk is done by an oil/gas fired hot water generator or steam boiler and chilling is done by a electrically driven compression cycle refrigeration plant coupled to an Ice Bank Tank. The rising cost of fuel oil as well as electric power has increased the cost of milk processing substantially, adversely affecting the viability of small scale dairy plants.

Hot Water Supply

Heat Exchanger Ghee Boiler Steam / Heat driven Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant NH3 Liquid Ice Bank Tank Chilled Water NH3 Vapour Chilled Water Pasteuriser

A bio-mass/ Coal fired steam boiler / Hot water generator combined with use of AARP for refrigeration substantially reduces the cost of milk processing. Modern pollution control equipments such as cyclone separators and or bag filters are provided for clean and smoke-less exhaust from Boiler.

Waste Heat Utilization by AARP for Ice Production / Cold Storage / Brine ChillingThere are many unutilized Industrial waste heat sources like Incinerator or Furnace hot gases, process waste heat etc.Exhaust Waste Heat from Incinerator / Furnace / Process Waste Heat Recovery Steam Boiler / Hot Water Generator Exhaust Gas Out

Also many industries such as steel mills, textile spinning mills, generate waste heat.

Steam / Heat

Steam / Heat driven Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant

Heat is rejected from captive power plants to atmosphere both through exhaust gas & jacket cooling water.ICE Production Cold Storage

Brine Chilling

A Heat Recovery Steam Boiler or Hot Water Generator can be installed to recover such waste heats from these exhaust gases. The steam / heat output from the exhaust heat recovery Boilers is then used for driving an Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant for producing block ice. This ice can be sold as a by-product to bulk as well as retail consumers in the local area such as dairies, fisheries etc. Alternatively, Brine Chilling as a cold storage of suitable capacity can be operated using the exhaust heat.Xxxxxxxx 9 Page

Transparent Group of CompaniesTransparent group companies, are technology leaders working in the field of Co-generation Systems, Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants (AARP), Energy Conservation Contracts, Water Recycling Plants. Superefficient Boilers, Heat Recovery Systems, Pollution control, Drying Plants etc.

Business groups, Products & SystemsTransparent Energy Systems Private LimitedOur company was incorporated on 16th April, 1986 with the name of Vapor Energy Machines Private Limited. The first commercial production was started in January, 1988. The name of the company was changed from Vapor Energy Machines Private Limited to Transparent Energy Systems Private Limited on 18th December, 1995. 1. Co-generation Systems - www.tesplcogen.com Cogeneration Systems involving combined generation of - Power - Heat - Refrigeration / Chilling - Water Recycling / Desalination by multistage evaporation. Fuels and energy sources for Cogeneration. - Natural Gas - Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) - Coal - Process Waste Heat - Biogas - HSD / Kerosene / LDO - Biomass Types of Cogeneration Systems - Steam Engine / Turbine Based Co-generation - Reciprocating Engine Generator Based Co-generation - Gas Turbine Based Co-generation Type of Industries - Dairies - Paper Mills - Textile Industries - Software Parks - Chemicals & Process Industries - Hotels - Ceramic Industries - Commercial Complexes - Sugar Industries - Residential Complexes - Food Industries - Cement - Steel - Five Star Industrial Estate 2. Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants- www.tesplaarp.com - Refrigerant Evaporators - Refrigerant Circulation Systems - Air Handling Units - Accessories - Flash Vessels - Ammonia Vaporizers - Turnkey Refrigeration Contracts. 3. Heat Recovery Systems www.heatrecovery-system.com Waste Heat Recovery Boilers - Finned Tube - Water Tube - Smoke Tube Waste Heat Recovery Thermic Fluid Heaters Heat Recovery & Efficiency improvement Retrofits - Combustion Air Preheater - Economisers ( Smoke tube / water tube / finned tube type) - Condensate Recovery Systems - Blow Down Heat Recovery Systems - Flash Steam Recovery Systems 4. Boilers & Heaters www.tespl.com - 96% Superefficient Oil / Gas Fuelled Boilers - 89% Superefficient Agrofuelled / Coal Fired Boilers.

- 93% Superefficient Thermic Fluid Heaters / Hot Air Generators - Superefficient High Pressure steam Boilers, (Oil / Gas / Coal / Biomass Fired for Cogeneration application

5. Energy Conservation Projects www.tespl.com Conservation of Electrical heating to Steam / Thermic Fluid / Hot Water Heating 6. Water Treatment Plants & Other Accessories www.tespl.com - Feed Water Deaerators - Pressure Reducing Station - Water Softners - High / Low pressure chemical dosing systems - Demineralising Plants - Structural / Self supported / Guyrope supported Steel Chimney / Stacks - Sand Filters - Fuel Storage & Handling Systems. - Activated Carbon Filters - Moisture Seperators

Transparent Technologies Private Limited7. Evaporation, Water Recycling & zero effluent discharge plants www.waterrecyclingplant.com Hot Water / Steam Driven Multistage Evaporators for continuous water distillation, desalination, product concentration & crystallization. - Falling Film Evaporators - Rising Film Evaporators - Plate Evaporators - Fluidized Bed evaporators - Natural Circulation Evaporators - Forced Circulation Evaporators - Counterflow Evaporators - Assisted Circulation Evaporators - Agitated Evaporators - Spiral Tube Evaporators 8. Dryers www.ttplpune.com - Spray Dryers - Flash Dryers - Spray Coolers - Fluidized Bed / Spray Dryers

- Fluid Bed Dryers / Coolers / Agglomerators - Paddle Dryers / Vacuum Paddle Dryers - Spray Reactors cum Dryers - Homogenizers and Dispersion Mills

- Fluidized Bed Incinerators / Calciners - Dry Powder Mixing Systems and Granulators - Disintegrators & Pulvarisers

9. Pollution Control Group www.air-pollutioncontrol.com Incinerators - Spray Dryer cum Combustion Chamber Incinerators - Fluidized Bed Incinerators for Liquids and Solids & Gases - Packaged Fixed Grate Incinerators for Solids - Liquid / Gas Incinerators - Fluidized Bed Paint Stripping Systems for Paint Coating Air Pollution Control - Cyclone / Multicones - Bag Filters - Wet / Venturi Scrubbers - Mechanical Dust Collectors - Flue Gas Desulphurisation Plants