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ABENEREngineering and Construction for Sustainability
Solar Concentration WorkshopWorld BankNovember 5th, 2008
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
1. Abener – General Presentation
2. Solar Thermal Technology.
3. Market - Development Opportunities.
4. Technology Comparison.
5. Abener – Major Solar Projects
6. Solar Market – Challenges.
Table of Contents
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Mission and Vision
Mission
Vision
Provide integrated and innovative solutions in the field of energy through promotion, financing search, engineering, construction and operation of new power and industrial plants and the optimization of the existing ones, all within a frame of contribution to sustainable development.
Abener intends to reinforce, in the next 5 years, its leadership in the global market for turnkey construction of power and industrial plants with particular emphasis in the areas of biofuel and thermo-solar to consolidate and develop the reached positions in Spain and Latin America, and to expand its presence in other growing markets (European Union, Eastern Europe, Mediterranean Basin and USA).
All the activities will be developed with a clear customer-focusing through efficient management of projects and continuous improvement of processes within a frame of common corporative values, identity and culture which encourage the enthusiasm to innovate and search for business opportunities.
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Business Areas
Solar
Biofuels
Generation
Thermosolar Power Plants withTower Technology, CSP and ISCC
Bioethanol Plant, Biodiesel and ETBE
Repowering, Open andCombined Cycles, Engine PowerPlants, Cogeneration andBiomass-to-Energy
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Magnitudes
*ktep: thousands of petroleum equivalent tons
Solar 620 MWISCC
100 MWCSP
31 MWTower Technology
751 MW
Generation 54 MWBiomass
589 MWCogeneration
82 MWEngines
2.923 MWOpen/Combined Cycles
870 MWRepowering
3.566 MW
Biofuels 34.028 t/añoETBE
200.000 t/añoBiodiesel
3.165.000 m3/añoBioethanol
1.690 ktep
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Sales Evolution
168
353
5635
84
698
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2001 2002 2005 2006 2007 2008
Business Areas Evolution
Solar
Biofuels
Generation
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
CAGR: 145,3%
CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Workforce
781
317
Graduated
Non- Graduated
1098
252
131 88
748
538
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2001 2002 2005 2006 2007 2008
Workforce growth
Abener EnergíaAbener México
AbencsAbencs India
Abener EPG
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
1. Abener – General Presentation
2. Solar Thermal Technology.
3. Market - Development Opportunities.
4. Technology Comparison.
5. Abener – Major Solar Projects
6. Solar Market – Challenges.
Table of Contents
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Operation
It is based on the concept of concentrating solar radiation to produce hot steam or air, which can be subsequently used in conventional power generation plants. Most systems use a concentrating mirror due to its high reflecting power.
Main components• Concentrator: Different optical
elements, suchas mirrors, concentrate the solar radiation onto a point or a line where the receiver is located.
• Receiver: The receiver absorbs the concentrated solar radiation, and a heat-transporting flux transfers the energy.
• Evaporator: In the evaporator, the heat-transporting flux exchanges its energy for water producing steam.
• Turbine: The steam drives the turbine producing electricity in a conventional cycle.
Steam
Water
Concentrators
Receiver
Heat-transporting fluid
Evaporator
Heat
Electricity
Solar Thermal Technology - Definitions
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Tower Technology
Main components: Heliostat field, tower-mounted receiver, and steam storage system.
Operation: The heliostats are programmed to automatically track the sun, according to a solar calendar, and concentrate the radiation onto the receiver. The receiver generates high-temperature saturated steam, which in turn is used to drive a turbine and produce electricity. The storage system guarantees electrical supply, even on cloudy days.
Main components: parabolic trough collectors and thermodynamic cycle.
Operation: The sun rays are concentrated into a heat absorbing tube, located in the central section of the collectors, through which a heat-transporting fluid is pumped. This substance is cold when it enters the tube and is extracted at more than 400 ºC, ready to produce superheated steam. The heat in the steam is transformed into electrical power using a conventional steam turbine.
CSP
Solar Thermal Technology – Types (I)
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Dish/Engine
Main components: Receiver and Concentrator.
Operation: An array of parabolic dish-shaped mirrors to focus solar energy onto a receiver located at the focal point of the dish. Fluid in the receiver is heated to 750 ºC and used to generate electricity in a small engine attached to the receiver.
Main components: combined cycle (gas turbine, waste heat recovery boiler, steam turbine, cooling system) and CPC solar field.
Operation: The gas-steam combined cycle is a combination of two thermodynamic cycles in a waste heat recovery boiler. The CPC field transfers the thermal energy, generated via a heat-transporting fluid, to the central system, where the energy is converted into electricity.
ISCC (Integrated Solar and Combined Cycle)
Solar Thermal Technology – Types (II)
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
1. Abener – General Presentation
2. Solar Thermal Technology.
3. Market - Development Opportunities.
4. Technology Comparison.
5. Abener – Major Solar Projects
6. Solar Market – Challenges.
Table of Contents
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
"Sow" today to grow internationally over the next 10 years.
Development Opportunities (I)
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
› Cost Reduction
› Increase in energy efficiency
Cent €/KWh
Time2007 2010 2015 2020
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Solar Thermal
Photovoltaic
Fossil Fuels
Development Opportunities (II)
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
The most widespread technology is ISCC
ISCC = Combined Cycle + Solar Field
Storage
The most widespread technology is storage in salts.
Operation: Two salt tanks are used to store the heat.
- During the loading cycle, the salts exchange heat with the fluid from the solar field, which is stored in the hot tank.
- During the unloading cycle, the system simply reverses the previous operation, heating the heat-transporting fluid, which will produce steam to drive the turbine, ultimately generating electricity.
Hybridisation
Operation: The heat produced by the solar field is used as an aid to generate steam by combined cycle. Thus, part of the fuel is replaced by solar resources.
Campo de colectorescilindro parabólicos
Vapor
Turbinade vapor
Evaporador
Sistema de refrigeración
Desaireador
Condensador
Flui
doca
lopo
rtant
e
Tanquede sales frio
Tanquede sales caliente
Cold tank Hot tank
Hea
t-tr
ansp
ortin
gflu
id
Parabolic ThroughCollectors Field
Steam
Steamturbine
Deaerator
EvaporatorCondensator
Coolingsystem
Development Opportunities (III)
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Typical Business Model
Return on Equity
Equity
Loans (Project Finance) Turn-key
Grants, subsidies, tax credits Long term
Long term rates
Partner A
Financial Agreements
Commercial Banks
Others
Power Purchase Agreement
Power Company
Partner N
SPV (Project Company)
O&M Contract
EPC Contract
EPC Contractor
O&M Contractor
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
1. Abener – General Presentation
2. Solar Thermal Technology.
3. Market - Development Opportunities.
4. Technology Comparison.
5. Abener – Major Solar Projects
6. Solar Market – Challenges.
Table of Contents
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Characteristics of Solar Thermal Systems
Technology Comparison
Parabolic Trough Tower Dish
Size 30-300 MW 10-50 MW 5-25 kW
Operating Temperature 390 ªC 565 ºC 750 ªC
Peak Efficiency 20% 23% 29%
Net Annual Efficiency 11-16% 7-20% 12-25%
Commercial Status Available Commercially/Prototype Prototype
CostsUSD/m2 630-275 475-200 3.100-320USD/W 4.0-2.7 4.4-2.5 12.6-1.3
centsUSD/KWh 40-12 44-15 -
All values are estimatives and indicate changes over a 20 year period.
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
1. Abener – General Presentation
2. Solar Thermal Technology.
3. Market - Development Opportunities.
4. Technology Comparison.
5. Abener – Major Solar Projects
6. Solar Market – Challenges.
Table of Contents
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Major Projects (I)
Project PS20 Solar Thermal Power Plant
Country Spain
Business Model IPP (BOO)
Technology Tower
Customer Abengoa Solar
Elect. Purchaser Red Eléctrica de España
Main DataPower 20 MW
Collector Area 149.760 m2Storage Yes (Steam)
Date of Operation 2008Investment 95 Meur
Auxiliary fuel GasHTF n.a.
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Major Projects (II)
Project Solnova 1
Country Spain
Business Model IPP (BOO)
Technology Parabolic Trough Collectors
Customer Abengoa Solar
Elect. Purchaser Red Eléctrica de España
Main DataPower 50 MW
Collector Area 293.400 m2Storage No
Date of Operation 2009Investment 275 Meur
Auxiliary fuel n.a.HTF Therminol VP-1
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Major Projects (III)
Project Ain Beni Mathar
Country Morocco
Business Model EPC + O&M (5 years)
Technology ISCC (Parabolic Trough)
Customer Office National de l'Elctricite (ONE)
Elect. Purchaser ONE
Main DataPower 450 MW (CC 450 + Solar 20)
Collector Area 183.120 m2Storage No
Date of Operation 2010Investment
Auxiliary fuel GasHTF Therminol VP-1
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Major Projects (IV)
Project Solana
Country USA (Arizona)
Business Model IPP (BOO)
Technology Parabolic Trough
Customer Abengoa Solar
Elect. Purchaser APS
Main DataPower 280 MW (2 x 140)
Collector Area 2.197.440 m2Storage Yes (molten salt)
Date of Operation 2012Investment approx. 2.000 MUSD
Auxiliary fuel n.aHTF Therminol VP-1
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
Major Projects (V)
Project Hassi R'Mel
Country Algeria
Business Model IPP (BOO)
Technology ISCC (Parabolic Trough)
Customer SPP1 (Abengoa Solar, Neal, Abener)
Elect. Purchaser Sonatrach
Main DataPower 170 MW (CC 150 + Solar 20)
Collector Area 183.120 m2Storage No
Date of Operation 2010Investment 316 MEur
Auxiliary fuel GasHTF Therminol VP-1
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
1. Abener – General Presentation
2. Solar Thermal Technology.
3. Market - Development Opportunities.
4. Technology Comparison.
5. Abener – Major Solar Projects
6. Solar Market – Challenges.
Table of Contents
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
ü Generation cost from conventional sources has been rising; solar generation will become more economically attractive (experience and penalty of CO2 emissions).
ü Sector is still in its infancy; in the future it will represent about 3- 6% of the total generation capacity.
ü Impact of growing emerging markets (China, India).
Market
Challenges (I)
Manufacturers
ü Technology improvement must drive their cost down (more significant in PV).
ü Improvement of efficiency (more significant in thermal).
ü Impact of commodities cost (iron, glass, fluid, molten- salt,…).
ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB
ü Undertake large long- term investment (directly, partnerships,…).
ü Concentrated solar power is the most attractive for utilities (centralized generation).
Utilities
Challenges (II)
Regulators
ü They can accelerate the move to cost parity.
ü Subsidies shall play a prominent role to build confidence of investors and attract capital (tax credits, above- market rates,…).
ü Clarify objectives: increase security, lower emissions, job creation,…
ü Reward production, not capacity; incentives to reduce costs.
ü Phase out subsidies carefully: adjustment of incentives over time and phase them out when parity is reached.