abnormal psychology vocabulary

7/30/2019 abnormal psychology vocabulary

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clinical disorders (axis) axis I

personality disorders and mental retardation

(axis?)

axis II

general medical conditions (axis?) axis III

psychosocial and environmental problems

(axis?)

axis IV

global assessment of functioning (axis?) axis V

PTSD repeatedly experiencing traumatic event, withdrawal and emotional

numbing, and hypervigilance

acute stress disorder similar symptoms to PTSD, occurs within 1 month of stressor and lasts

less than a month

panic disorder frequent, spontaneous panic attacks, worry about having them, and

change of lifestyle as a result

specific phobias fears of certain objects or situations

generalized anxiety disorder chronic anxiety in most situations

obsessions thoughts, images, impulses that are persistent, intrusive, and

threatening

compulsions repetitive behaviors performed to dispel obsessions

somatoform disorders group of disorders where person experiences or fears physical

symptoms for which no organic cause can be found

conversion disorder disorder where individual loses all functioning in a part of his or her

body

somatization disorder long history of multiple physical complaints for which there is no

apparent organic cause

pain disorder experience of chronic, unexplainable pain

hypochondriasis disorder where individuals fear they have a disease despite medical

proof to the contrary

body dysmorphic disorder disorder where individuals have an obsessive preoccupation with a part

of the body

dissociative disorders individual's identity, memories, and conscious become dissociated from

each other

major depression severe, acute depression

abnormal psychology

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dysthymic disorder less severe but more chronic depression

cyclothymic disorder less severe but more chronic form of bipolar disorder

depression symptoms sad mood, loss of interest, sleep and appetite disruption, motor issues,

etc.

mania symptoms elated or agitated mood, grandiosity, little need for sleep, racing

thoughts and speech, increase in goals and dangerous behavior

positive schizophrenia symptoms delusions, hallucinations, thought disturbances, and grossly

disorganized or catatonic behavior

negative symptoms of schizophrenia affective flattening, alogia, avolition

paranoid schizophrenia delusions and hallucination with themes of persecution and grandiosity

disorganized schizophrenia disorganized thoughts and behavior

catatonic schizophrenia complete unresponsiveness to environment

schizoaffective disorder meet criteria for schizophrenia for 1-6 months and also have mood

symptoms

brief psychotic disorder meet criteria for schizophrenia for less than 1 month

delusional disorder characterized by presence of nonbizarre delusions

odd-eccentric personality disorders paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal

paranoid personality disorder extreme mistrust of others

schizoid personality disorder extreme social withdrawal and detachment

schizotypal personality disorder inappropriate social interactions and magical thinking

dramatic-emotional personality disorders antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic

antisocial personality disorder impulsive behavior that disregards the rights of others

borderline personality disorder instability of mood, self-concept, and interpersonal relationships, and

also impulsive behavior

histrionic personality disorder rapidly shifting moods, unstable relationships, need for attention, and

dramatic, seductive behavior

narcissistic personality disorder grandiose and oblivious to others' needs

anxious-fearful personality disorders dependent personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, and

OCPD

dependent personality disorder extreme need to be cared for and fear of rejection

avoidant personality disorder social anxiety and sense of inadequacy leading to social avoidance

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder rigidity in activities and interpersonal relationships

antipsychotic drugs phenothiazines (older) and atypical antipsychotics (newer)

antidepressant drugs SSRIs (most common), SSNRIs, tricyclic and MAO inhibitors (older)

mood stabilizers for bipolar lithium, anticonvulsants (fewer side effects)

antianxiety drugs barbiturates (old, highly addictive), benzodiazepines

serotonin ntm that plays a role in emotions and impulses


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dopamine ntm related to our experience of reinforcement or rewards, affected by

substances, and plays role in disorders involving control over muscles

norepinephrine ntm with stimulating effect if uptake is prolonged by drugs like cocaine

and amph, too litt le results in depressed mood

GABA thought to play a role in anxiety, inhibits the action of other ntms

behavior disorders ADHD, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder

ADHD inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity

conduct disorder extreme antisocial behavior and violation of peoples' rights and social

norms

ODD easily angered and tend to violate rules and requests, don't steal,

destroy property, or act aggressively toward people/animals

dementia permanent deterioration in cognitive functioning

alzheimer's disease most common type of dementia, brain shows neurofibrillary tangles and

beta-amyloid plaques

delirium disorientation, recent memory loss and clouding of consciousness,

typically a sign of a serious medical condition

anorexia nervosa self-starvation, distorted body image, intense fears of becoming fat,

and amenorrhea

bulimia nervosa uncontrolled binging followed by behaviors designed to prevent weight

gain

sexual response cycle desire, arousal, plateau, orgasm, resolution

CNS depressants alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and inhalants

CNS stimulants cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, caffeine

substance intoxication indicated by behavioral and psychological changes that occur as adirect result of the substance's effect on the CNS

substance withdrawal set of physiological and behavioral symptoms that result from

cessation/reduction of heavy/prolonged use of a substance

substance abuse indicated by failure to fulfill obligations at home, work or school,

substance use in hazardous situations, substance-related legal

problems, or continued use despite interpersonal problems

substance dependence maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to significant life

problems and tolerance to substance

alcohol low dose-relaxation and mild euphoria, high-classic signs of

depression and cog/motor impairment

benzos and barbiturates initial rush and loss of inhibitions followed by depressed mood,

lethargy, and physical signs of CNS depression

inhalants euphoria, disinhibition, increased aggressiveness and sexual

performance

cocaine sudden rush of euphoria, increased self-esteem, alertness, and energy

amphetamines euphoria, self-confidence, invigoration, and restlessness,

hypervigilance, and aggressiveness

opioids euphoria followed by drowsiness, lethargy, and periods of light sleep


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hallucinogens and phencyclidine perceptual changes, sensory distortion and hallucination

what affects stress level in a s ituation uncontrollability, unpredictability, and duration

psychological factors associated with poor

health

pessimism and avoidance coping

coronary heart disease best predicted by the hostility in a type A personality and depression

dyssomnias insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, breathing-related sleep disorder,

and circadian rhythm sleep disorder

parasomnias nightmare disorder, sleep terror disorder, sleepwalking disorder

insomnia difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or sleep that does not restore

energy/alertness

hypersomnia chronic excessive sleepiness-either prolonged sleep episodes or

daytime sleep episodes that occur almost daily

narcolepsy irresistible attacks of sleep with cataplexy or recurring REM

breathing-related sleep disorder numerous brief sleep disturbances due to breathing problems

civil commitment procedure in which an individual is admitted to a mental institutionagainst his or her will

civil commitment criteria suffering from a grave disability that impairs their ability to provide for

their own basic needs, if they are an imminent danger to themselves or

others

incompetent to stand trial a person who does not understand what is happening in the courtroom

and who cannot participate in his or her own defense

M'Naghten rule disease of the mind must affect a person at the time of the crime so

that he or she does not know the nature of the act or does not know it

is wrong

irresistible impulse rule at the time of the crime, person was irresistibly driven to commit crime

or was at diminished capacity to resist

Durham rule crime was product of mental disease/defect

ALI rule at the time of the crime, as a result of mental disease or defect, person

lacked capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of the act or to conform

his or her conduct to the law

insanity defense reform act at the time of the crime, as a result of a mental disease/retardation,

person was unable to appreciate wrongfulness of conduct


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abnormal psychology vocabulary

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