abnormal psychology - warren county public schools 15 11 psychological...introduction to abnormal...
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Fast Track Chapter 11(Bernstein Chapter 15)
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGYPsychological Disorders
Introduction to Abnormal Psychology
✤ PSYCHOPATHOLOGY the study of the causes, symptoms, and development of psychological or mental disorders
✤ MENTAL DISORDERS characterized by deviant, maladaptive, or harmful behaviors and disruptive patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that cause distress and dysfunction and affect the performance of daily functions
✤ Approximately 60 million Americans have or are suffering from mental disorders.
✤ Roughly half of all Americans will experience some form of mental illness by age 75.
✤ Symptoms tend to first be exhibited in childhood.
✤ Many affect economic, gender, and ethnic groups equally.
✤ Due to flaws in surveys, these numbers may actually be even higher.
Defining Abnormal Behavior
✤ The most accurate way of defining abnormal behavior is to examine whether the behavior impairs or interferes with a person’s ability to function.
✤ This practical approach to defining abnormal behavior:
1. examines the behavior being displayed,2. compares it to established norms in a sociocultural context, and 3. identifies the consequences associated with the behavior.
✤ This approach focuses on how a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors affect (or interfere with) his/her home life, work, and social functioning.
Explaining Psychological Disorders
✤ MEDICAL MODEL psychological disorders are actually sicknesses associated with specific symptoms that must be treated medically; led to development of hospitals for the mentally ill
✤ NEUROBIOLOGICAL MODEL modern name for the medical model; psychological disorders are the result of biological factors; includes imbalances of bodily processes, brain abnormalities, and genetic influences
✤ PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL psychological disorders are the result of psychological processes only; includes interpretation of stressful events, memories from traumatic events, self-defeating attitudes and thinking pattern, and distorted perceptions
✤ SOCIOCULTURAL MODEL psychological disorders result from societal roles and expectations, environmental location, gender, age, ethnicity, and social and cultural definitions of normal and abnormal behavior
✤ BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL psychological disorders are the result of the combination and interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
✤ DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL the amount and type of stress play a crucial role in triggering genetic predispositions, which could result in psychological disorders
Classifying Psychological Disorders
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
✤ reference book written by a collection of individuals used by all psychologists for identifying and classifying psychological disorders
✤ first published by the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1952
✤ latest edition, DSM-IV-TR (2000)
✤ provides specific guidelines that must be met for someone to be diagnosed and labeled with a given disorder
✤ guidelines listing factors identified through the biopsychosocial model, provide a checklist for psychologists in determining causes of disorders
✤ individuals evaluated on five dimensions represented by five axes (see handout)
Labeling Psychological Disorders
✤ Some believe labels cause more harm than good.
✤ Labeling leads others to treat the labeled differently.
✤ Psychiatrist Thomas Szasz says descriptions of individuals are better than labels.
✤ Labels don’t include unique qualities that are part of a description of a person.
✤ Labeled people tend to act/live up to the expectations and characteristics of the label, hindering improvement.
BIPOLAR
SCHIZOPHRENIA
NARCISSISTIC
BORDERLINE
OCDDEPRESSION
MANIC
Anxiety Disorders
✤ Phobia✤ Generalized Anxiety Disorder✤ Panic Disorder✤ Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)✤ Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Somatoform Disorders
✤ Conversion Disorder✤ Hypochondriasis✤ Somatization Disorder✤ Pain Disorder
Dissociative Disorders
✤ Dissociative Fugue✤ Dissociative Amnesia✤ Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder
Mood Disorders✤ Major Depressive Disorder
also referred to as Unipolar Disorder
✤ Dysthymic Disorder
✤ Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
✤ Bipolar I Disorder formerly called Manic Depressive Disorder
✤ Bipolar II Disorder
✤ Cyclothymic Disorder
✤ Hypomania
Schizophrenia
✤ Paranoid Schizophrenia
✤ Disorganized Schizophrenia
✤ Catatonic Schizophrenia
✤ Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
✤ Residual Schizophrenia
Personality Disorders
✤ Paranoid✤ Schizoid✤ Schizotypal✤ Dependent✤ Obsessive-Compulsive
✤ Avoidant✤ Histrionic✤ Narcissistic✤ Borderline✤ Antisocial
Other Disorders
✤ Psychological Disorders of Childhood✤ Externalizing/Undercontrolled Disorders (Conduct Disorders, ADHD)
✤ Internalizing/Overcontrolled Disorders (Separation Anxiety Disorder)
✤ Pervasive Developmental Disorders (Autism Spectrum Disorder)
✤ Substance-Related Disorders ✤ psychoactive drug addiction
✤ alcoholism✤ other drug-dependence disorders (heroin, cocaine)
Mental Illness & the Law
✤ U.S. Legal Protection for Individuals with Psychological Disorders
✤ Protection from Prosecution
✤ Protection from Punishment
✤ Criticisms of Legal Protections for the Mentally Ill
✤ Legal Reforms
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY ProjectA 10-Minute Overview of an APA-Recognized Category of Psychological Disorders
✤ DESCRIBE your assigned DSM-IV-TR category of disorders.
✤ DEFINE and EXPLAIN the specific disorders related to your category. This includes diagnostic criteria, symptoms, and etiology (possible causes or origin) of these disorders.
✤ INCLUDE web links to video examples of your category illustrating some of the disorders in your assigned category.
✤ DISCUSS the methods most often used to treat the disorders in your category as well as the effectiveness of these treatments.