about scorm

SCORMSCORMBy:By:

Akshay KumarAkshay Kumar

SCORMSCORM Akshay Kumar Akshay Kumar 22

What we want?What we want?

•What is SCORM?What is SCORM?•Connection with e-learningConnection with e-learning•Application of XML TechnologyApplication of XML Technology•Technical description about SCORMTechnical description about SCORM•Why it is important to us?Why it is important to us?


Background: A Thinking Background: A Thinking process?process?• Design for ReuseDesign for Reuse

– What’s the right level of granularity?What’s the right level of granularity?• TrackingTracking

– What’s the right level of granularity?What’s the right level of granularity?• MetadataMetadata

– How much is needed?How much is needed?• LMSLMS

– What does the Table of Content look like?What does the Table of Content look like?– Navigation Controls?Navigation Controls?


Granularity and ReusabilityGranularity and ReusabilityRaw Data

(Media Elements)Informati

on Objects

Learning Objective

Lesson(Aggregation)

Course(Collection)

Source: Academic ADL Co-Lab (adapted from Learnactivity)

Context +Reusability -


What is SCORM?What is SCORM?A software model

– defines the interrelationship of course components, data models, and protocols such that content “objects” are sharable across systems that conform with the same model.

• It is collection of specification adopted together It is collection of specification adopted together for achieving some property of content like for achieving some property of content like Accessibility, Adaptability, Affordability, Durability , reusability, interoperabilityreusability, interoperability


SCORM and Technology SCORM and Technology • Content Aggregation ModelContent Aggregation Model

– Metadata (from IEEE LOM 1484.12)Metadata (from IEEE LOM 1484.12)– Content Structure (derived from AICC)Content Structure (derived from AICC)– Content Packaging (from IMS)Content Packaging (from IMS)– Sequencing Information (from IMS)Sequencing Information (from IMS)

• Run-Time EnvironmentRun-Time Environment– IEEE Application Programming InterfaceIEEE Application Programming Interface

(1484.11.2)(1484.11.2)– IEEE Data Model (1484.11.1)IEEE Data Model (1484.11.1)

• Sequencing & NavigationSequencing & Navigation– Sequencing Information & BehaviorSequencing Information & Behavior

(from IMS)(from IMS)


Generalized view of LMSGeneralized view of LMS


SCORM Content Model Components • Assets:Assets:

– building block of a learning resource.building block of a learning resource.– text, images, sound, assessment objects or any text, images, sound, assessment objects or any

other piece of dataother piece of data– More than one asset can be collected together More than one asset can be collected together

to build other assets.to build other assets.• SCO:SCO:

– A SCO is a collection of one or more Assets that A SCO is a collection of one or more Assets that represent a single launchable learning resourcerepresent a single launchable learning resource

– tracked by an LMStracked by an LMS


Conceptual Makeup of SCOConceptual Makeup of SCO


SCORM Content Aggregation SCORM Content Aggregation ModelModel


Conceptual Representation of Conceptual Representation of ActivityActivity


Content OrganizationContent Organization


<organization> tag<organization> tag• TitleTitle• ItemItem

– titletitle– ItemItem– adlcp: timeLimitAction, dataFromLMS, adlcp: timeLimitAction, dataFromLMS,

completionthresholdcompletionthreshold– imsss:sequencingimsss:sequencing– adlnav:presentationadlnav:presentation

• MetadataMetadata• imsss:sequencingimsss:sequencing


Content PackagingContent Packaging


Sequence and NavigationSequence and Navigation

•Three ways for learners to traverse the Three ways for learners to traverse the Activity TreeActivity Tree User Choice (“Choice”)User Choice (“Choice”)

The learner can choose any activity in any The learner can choose any activity in any order at any timeorder at any time

FlowFlow The learner can only move toward the ‘next’ or The learner can only move toward the ‘next’ or

‘previous’ activity – the system determines the ‘previous’ activity – the system determines the activity to deliveryactivity to delivery

Forward OnlyForward Only The “Previous” button is disabled.The “Previous” button is disabled.


Adding Sequencing Adding Sequencing BehaviorBehavior• AA

– 11– BB

• 22• 33


Run time environmentRun time environmentCommunicating with the LMSCommunicating with the LMS

/* look up window hierarchy to find LMS /* look up window hierarchy to find LMS provided API */provided API */

API.Initialize(“”);API.Initialize(“”);

var name = API.GetValue(“var name = API.GetValue(“cmi.learner_namecmi.learner_name”);”);

API.SetValue(“API.SetValue(“cmi.score.scaledcmi.score.scaled”, “”, “0.90.9”);”);

API.Terminate(“”);API.Terminate(“”);


Continue…Continue…

• Must use JavaScriptMust use JavaScript• There are only 8 functions that you may There are only 8 functions that you may

useuse GetDiagnostic(GetDiagnostic(YY))GetLastError()GetLastError()GetErrorString(GetErrorString(ZZ))

Initialize(“”)Initialize(“”)SetValue(SetValue(XX, , YY))GetValue(GetValue(XX))Commit(“”)Commit(“”)Terminate(“”)Terminate(“”)Where X = cmi data model element, Y = any string,

Z = error code


API, API instance and API API, API instance and API implementationimplementation


CMI data model elementCMI data model element

• Comments From Learner • Comments From LMS • Completion Status • Completion Threshold • Learner Id• Learner Name• Learner Preferences• etc…


Conceptual API Instance Conceptual API Instance TransitionTransition


SCORM Run Time SCORM Run Time EnvironmentEnvironment•flafla


Continue….Continue….


Overall Picture in Meta-DataOverall Picture in Meta-Data

•Examples with showing Examples with showing – APIWrapper.jsAPIWrapper.js– imsmanifest.xmlimsmanifest.xml


Scope of AdaptationScope of Adaptation

•SCORM Content Aggregation ModelSCORM Content Aggregation Model


Limitation considered..Limitation considered..(one prespecitive)(one prespecitive)• limited adaptivitylimited adaptivity• Run time environment do setting of the Run time environment do setting of the

predefined rule with key value pair only. predefined rule with key value pair only. We can not change these values at run We can not change these values at run time after SCO made.time after SCO made.

• This is again compact and it can not be This is again compact and it can not be used in different context by simple used in different context by simple change. We have to make a new change. We have to make a new imsmanifest file for the changed context of imsmanifest file for the changed context of learning.learning.


Continue….Continue….• SCORM describes a solutions for systems, SCORM describes a solutions for systems,

components and content interopability for components and content interopability for learninglearning– Data and Behavioral interoperabilityData and Behavioral interoperability

• SCORM does not extend beyond learning SCORM does not extend beyond learning to management of learningto management of learning

• SCORM does not impose any pedagogical SCORM does not impose any pedagogical or assessment modelor assessment model

• SCORM supports only limited pedagogical SCORM supports only limited pedagogical featuresfeatures


Continue….Continue….• No communication across SCO’sNo communication across SCO’s• No access to other SCO’sNo access to other SCO’s• SCO has its own behaviorSCO has its own behavior• Using same hierarchy for structure, behavior and displayUsing same hierarchy for structure, behavior and display• Learners are individualLearners are individual• It can not adapt learner experience without learner It can not adapt learner experience without learner

interactioninteraction• There is no concept of alternate resource although we There is no concept of alternate resource although we

can simulate it by making various navigation restrictionscan simulate it by making various navigation restrictions• There is nothing for picking some of resource from a There is nothing for picking some of resource from a

collection of resourcecollection of resource


Development in SCORMDevelopment in SCORM• January 1999 — January 1999 — Executive Order 13111Executive Order 13111 signed signed

tasking the tasking the DoDDoD to develop common to develop common specifications and standards for e-learning across specifications and standards for e-learning across both federal and private sectors both federal and private sectors

• January 2000 — SCORM Version 1.0 January 2000 — SCORM Version 1.0 • January 2001 — SCORM Version 1.1 January 2001 — SCORM Version 1.1 • October 2001 — SCORM Version 1.2 October 2001 — SCORM Version 1.2 • January 2004 — SCORM 2004 (1st Edition) January 2004 — SCORM 2004 (1st Edition) • July 2004 — SCORM 2004 (2nd Edition) July 2004 — SCORM 2004 (2nd Edition) • June 2006 — Department of Defense Instruction June 2006 — Department of Defense Instruction

(DoDI) 1322.26 Requiring DoD Use of SCORM (DoDI) 1322.26 Requiring DoD Use of SCORM • October 2006 — SCORM 2004 (3rd Edition) October 2006 — SCORM 2004 (3rd Edition)

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Executive_Order_13111&action=edit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DoD


SCORM BOOKSCORM BOOK

•SCORM 2004 3rd Edition OverviewSCORM 2004 3rd Edition Overview• SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Content SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Content

Aggregation Model (CAM) bookAggregation Model (CAM) book•SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Run-Time SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Run-Time

Environment (RTE) bookEnvironment (RTE) book•SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Sequencing SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Sequencing

and Navigation (SN) book and Navigation (SN) book


SCORM 2004 3rd Edition SCORM 2004 3rd Edition OverviewOverview

• It givesIt gives– an overview of the SCORM 2004 3rd an overview of the SCORM 2004 3rd

Edition documentation suiteEdition documentation suite– the SCORM 2004 3rd Edition the SCORM 2004 3rd Edition

Conformance Test SuiteConformance Test Suite– SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Sample Run-SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Sample Run-

Time Environment. Time Environment.


The SCORM Content The SCORM Content Aggregation Model (CAM) bookAggregation Model (CAM) book•Describes Describes

– components used in a learning experiencecomponents used in a learning experience– how to package those components for how to package those components for

exchange from system to systemexchange from system to system– how to describe those components to how to describe those components to

enable search and discovery,enable search and discovery,– how to define the sequencing rules for the how to define the sequencing rules for the

components. components.


The SCORM SN bookThe SCORM SN book• describes describes

– how SCORM conformant content may be how SCORM conformant content may be sequenced through a set of learner-initiated or sequenced through a set of learner-initiated or system-initiated navigation events. system-initiated navigation events.

– The branching and flow of that content may be The branching and flow of that content may be described by a predefined set of activities, described by a predefined set of activities, typically defined at design time. typically defined at design time.

– how a SCORM conformant LMS interprets the how a SCORM conformant LMS interprets the sequencing rules expressed by a content sequencing rules expressed by a content developer along with the set of learner-developer along with the set of learner-initiated or system-initiated navigation events initiated or system-initiated navigation events and their effects on the run-time environment.and their effects on the run-time environment.


The SCORM RTE bookThe SCORM RTE book• describes describes

– the Learning Management System (LMS) the Learning Management System (LMS) requirements for managing the run-time requirements for managing the run-time environment environment

– The RTE covers the requirements of SCOs The RTE covers the requirements of SCOs and their use of the API and the SCORM and their use of the API and the SCORM Run-Time Environment Data Model.Run-Time Environment Data Model.


Discussion………Discussion………

??


ReferencesReferences• http://www.adlnet.gov/scorm/index.cfmhttp://www.adlnet.gov/scorm/index.cfm• http://www.adlnet.gov/downloads/index.cfmhttp://www.adlnet.gov/downloads/index.cfm• http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/scorm2/index.htmhttp://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/scorm2/index.htm• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCORMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCORM• http://www2006.org/programme/files/pdf/p65-poster.pdfhttp://www2006.org/programme/files/pdf/p65-poster.pdf• http://lttf.ieee.org/learn_tech/issues/january2005/index.htmlhttp://lttf.ieee.org/learn_tech/issues/january2005/index.html• http://www.lsal.org/lsal/expertise/papers/presentations/id2scorm2http://www.lsal.org/lsal/expertise/papers/presentations/id2scorm2

0030304/id2scorm20030304.pdf0030304/id2scorm20030304.pdf• http://www.imsglobal.orghttp://www.imsglobal.org• http://www.imsproject.orghttp://www.imsproject.org//• http://www.aicc.org/http://www.aicc.org/• http://www.itsc.ieee.org/wg11/files/IEEE_1484.11.1_D5_submitted.http://www.itsc.ieee.org/wg11/files/IEEE_1484.11.1_D5_submitted.

pdfpdf• http://www.itsc.ieee.org/http://www.itsc.ieee.org/

http://www.adlnet.gov/scorm/index.cfm

http://www.adlnet.gov/downloads/index.cfm

http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/scorm2/index.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCORM

http://www2006.org/programme/files/pdf/p65-poster.pdf

http://lttf.ieee.org/learn_tech/issues/january2005/index.html

http://www.lsal.org/lsal/expertise/papers/presentations/id2scorm20030304/id2scorm20030304.pdf

http://www.lsal.org/lsal/expertise/papers/presentations/id2scorm20030304/id2scorm20030304.pdf

http://www.imsglobal.org/

http://www.imsproject.org/

http://www.aicc.org/

http://www.itsc.ieee.org/wg11/files/IEEE_1484.11.1_D5_submitted.pdf

http://www.itsc.ieee.org/wg11/files/IEEE_1484.11.1_D5_submitted.pdf

http://www.itsc.ieee.org/


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