about the unequal clarity of hearing in the left and right ear-english- gustav theodor fechner

7/29/2019 About the Unequal Clarity of Hearing in the Left and Right Ear-English- Gustav Theodor Fechner.

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GT FechnerAbout the unequal clarity of hearing in the left and right ear

Known to both the muscle strength than muscle mass in humans at the extremities

of the right side is larger than those of the left, in which latter respect, the careful

weighing of Ed.Deserve to be weavers, which are communicated in these reports

(1849. P. 79) are compared. A hasty generalization could it easily establish theconclusion that the right side of the body was preferred at all before the left, but this

conclusion is not confirmed when one examines, whether in the double-sided sensory

organs, the left side an advantage over the right to subject the delicacy of feeling had

expected. So after EH Weber's observations (Programming a collect P. 84 92 119.) Is

the sensitivity to both heat differences as for print by weights generally on the left

hand than on the right, and to this I add the remarkable fact that even the sound is

heard more clearly in the much larger majority of individuals with the left and right

ear.

I myself had previously always kept my ear for normal and never thought that Icould hear unequal in both ears, aroused me to the information provided in my

treatise on the binocular vision tests with tuning forks and watch over both ears

suspect it may be the case, a suspect who then confirmed by special attention directed

experiments, and initially I was very surprised when I experimented with other

people who also little something knew from an inequality of their hearing ability on

both sides, with the majority of them a corresponding result later on. With tuning

forks indeed can not put a precise comparative trial in front of both ears turn on

because you can not easily insure themselves of the same thickness of the clay in

different experiments, a clock, but gave me clear a larger beat when I immediatelybefore the left as right ear stopped, and the same results led to the following test,

which I then generally applied also to other people.

For other purposes, I can manufacture me a sound pendulum is a pendulum which

swings generated when crashing through a stop against a vertical fixed slate a sound

that is always of equal strength when the pendulum is dropped from the same

height. The elevation of the pendulum is measured by a circular arrangement along

which moves the upper portion of the suspension bar, and is limited by an adjustable

on the dividing Laufer, which serves as a pointer at the same time by the pendulum is

always so far raised until it at Laufer these encounters. I create now clocked manner with this instrument a sound always of the same

strength and allow the person to be examined alternately in same bar the one and the

other ear close, then where soon forms at different good hearing ears a judgment as to

whether the sound is heard clearly if the right ear is left open and the closed, or vice

versa. I will make the closure such that the index finger is placed on the anterior

cartilage of the ear and it will be pushed by force into the ear canal. Should doubt that

this closure can always be quite evenly on both ears is (seems to be regardless of

anything of uniformity in the way), so it should be noted that the judgment will

always be taken only after multiple repetitions of alternating closure of both ears, andthat given the large number of tested individuals (103) any inaccuracy in detail the

failure of the overall outcome may not significantly old barriers. This seems rather


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secure, if not about the process of appending a constant mistake to assume, however,

I find no fault with the most careful consideration. Lest the position of the instrument

such is founded, it was always attached to the same at such a distance from the

auditee and so symmetrical position, or the position while considering several so

changed that an equal participation of both ears had to take place by the

sound. Mostly I've also used both stronger than weaker sound in the same individual. Common ground that there are still more sophisticated methods to test the

sharpness of hearing in both ears comparatively, but then must necessarily be much

more complicated, and would be necessary only insofar as it concerned a measure of

uneven clarity of hearing in both ears. But here it was only to note the general fact

and its direction, for which the previous method is recommended both for its

simplicity as the fact that it allows to easily be stated differences between the two

ears of a large number individuals at once, and therefore statistics to win in large

numbers on which it mainly had to get here, and what would not have been possible

with cumbersome procedures. Although maybe would an apparatus that produces acontinuous uniform sound, still be preferable for testing, while the above has

certainly served its purpose perfectly.

Of course it was done with all of the following tests to rule, not to predict the

direction of the expected outcome or have guessed, nor has the majority of persons

who have been tested, the previously not known to others success obtained so that the

imagination of the result may not have altered.

A number of people are individually and entirely independently, as has been the

opportunity presented itself, examined, also some gatherings of people at once. All

individuals were adults, from about 17 to between 60 and 70 years. The following are

the results obtained.

An occasional single audit covered 28 persons known to me, heard of this, myself

included,

18 (13 male, 5 female). Better l. Than r,

10 (6 male, 4 female). Equally well on both ears or so that the difference

was doubtful

no better r. as lOf the 18 better than l r. However, one listener said, not so much more than just

bright l to hear the sound.

In an evening party listened (to the exclusion of already approved persons) of 8

people

4 (1 male, 3 female). Better than l r.,

2 (l male, 1 female). Equally well r. and l,

2 (male) r better. as l

Among the 4, what better than l r. heard again declared one (female) l merely for the

sound clearer or brighter, not more than r.


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I led the audience a Collegium of me, 10 in number, who knew nothing at all of the

objects to present themselves to the experiments. They introduced themselves one by

one, and were also tested independently of one another, so that not even the judgment

of an act could determine on the other. I was surprised at the unanimity of the result.

9 of the 10 l heard better than r.,

1 l equally well. Than r,

r not better. as l

Mr. Music Director Dr. Langer gave me the opportunity to make experiments at a

meeting of members of the security of its directorate, formed by students, singer

Pauline Association in Leipzig. Of the 48 attendees, who might have been aware of

the earlier successes partly heard

26 I. better. Than r,

12 equally well l and r., 10 r better. as l

However, since one was tested by the 26 better left earlier hearing, is held 26 to bring

in account in addition only 25th

Prof. Ruete finally gave me the opportunity to trials with a detachment of student

leaders who take part in clinical exercises under his Direction part to hire. Among the

10 individuals, none of which had been tested earlier, heard the noise 7 liters more

than r., 2 merely clearer, brighter but not more than l r., Merely one equally good l

and r.So all together paid less than 103 people heard the sound stronger 61, 4 merely

clearer, but not stronger, so 68 still on the whole better than l r., 26 equally well l and

r., Or so that the difference remained doubtful r 12 better. than I. *) .

*) In the lecture on this subject on 1 July also present, usually not previously been

tested, members of the sample were subjected Societt. With few exceptions, heard

all the other better than l r,. Without that most inequality had known this before. In

particular, Prof. Drobisch was very surprised to hear the sound decided more on the

left ear, because his eyesight in his left eye is paralyzed because he has an almost

habitual rheumatism on the left side of the head and a kind of chirping in the left ear,so that he used this side of the head always held for the weak at all.

What is striking is the different ratio, which was found in the individual fractions of

the experiments with different people, which proves that you can not be based on

small numbers.Everywhere but the preponderance of l was better than r. Hearing

decision.

Two, l better than r. hearing, persons of the above company (Prof. EH Weber and a

musically educated young lady) insured at the same time, that they the sound on one

ear to have a greater height than rail on the other, a person (Weber) on the right , theother on his left ear, though the sound used for testing had absolutely no other actual

pitch. Moreover, I received several times the statement that the sound in one ear


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appears higher than the other, but if I zufragte closer was found that only a brighter,

clearer sound was meant (which was sometimes associated with greater strength,

other times did not connected thereto), but not actually larger pitch of a sound. Those

two people but expressly declared to my questioning to hear not only a greater

brightness but greater height in one ear.

Of the previous tests such persons have been excluded, which either werenotoriously hard of hearing in both ears, or noticeably deaf in one ear, so as much as

possible to take only cases considered, which still fall within the width of

Health. Meanwhile, I have not left aside those cases where I could get hold of these,

but only particularly noted, and thereafter pathological deafness in his left ear seems

more likely to occur than on the right, because of 10 cases, the extent of those

categories to me personally are known mainly through reports from others, hear, at its

own test, or inquiry

7 better r. as I, only

2 l better. Than r,

l equally bad in both ears.

Here over but a more complete and more decisive statistics bids are doctors who

deal specifically with diseases of the ear, of course, are because of so few cases to

include anything else than that which takes place in normal limits preponderance of l

on r. no longer exists in pathological cases.

Incidentally, the result obtained by me to persons whose hearing is even in the

breadth of health, practical extent have some interest, as a moderate inequality ofhearing of both ears ears hereafter doctors still can be no reason to see something

pathological in it.

One naturally wonders where the reason for the peculiar preponderance of the

average hearing loss of about l r. based. If heat differences more clearly than l r. be

felt, it can not be pushed it unlikely that the skin of his right hand due to more

frequent use unquestionably somewhat thicker than that of the left. When printing

more than l r. is felt, this declaration is no longer enough, by a greater or lesser

thickness of the epidermis is not significantly alters the perception of pressure, and

the difference in favor of l in Weber's experiments not only obvious, but also the soleand the scapula showed. Itaque says Weber, quia alia explicatione caremus, vero est

simile, diversitatem illam in nervorum sentientium structura positam

eat.Quemadmodum enim musculi dextri Lateris musculis sinistri Lateris crassiores

adeoque robustiores sunt, ita nervous sensorios sinistri Lateris nervous dextri Lateris

sensibilitate superare non repugnat. "

You will now have to also ask the hearing: depends the difference between l and

r. from the external organs of the sound recording or a reasoned in the structure and

sensitivity of the nerves from differences, and furthermore, he is a congenital or

acquired. These questions I do not sure to decide until now. It has been expressed to me that


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probably could carry a difference in the pressure or heat conditions of the ears,

frequent in the whole of the people sleeping on the right side, which will have those

differences result in the presumption. Again, this is not just unlikely, but I have not so

far been able to obtain sufficiently extensive and accurate notes to be insured an

average coincidence in this respect.

It has also been suggested that perhaps one, it is through that relationship whensleeping, it was otherwise resulting inequality in the secretion of ear wax the non-

significant hearing l and r. its effect, that which takes place on average poorer hearing

r. only of a larger dependent blockage of the right ear with ear wax.

However, stayed with me and another individual the same inequality also

bestmglichster to iron out the ears. To eliminate the doubt but certain, the following

experiments, for their employment I am required Prof. Ruete served.

After the existing section of students from 10 individuals, of the S. 169 was talk of

sound pendulum by means tested, while the specified result was obtained, 7 morethan l r., 2 l clearer than r., Equal to 1 and r l well. Hearing, both ears of the same

individuals were Prof. Ruete mirror by means of the ears examined. Among the seven

individuals who l more than r. heard both ears appear to be more purely at 3, also was

found in this study as the ears Prof. Ruete itself, which is also more than l r. heard by

his assistant. With 2 ears were somewhat equal and indeed noticeably unclean in 1

was the left, 1 right ear at slightly impure than the other. Among the 8 individuals

who clear as l r. heard in both ears were noticeably equal to l pure; 1 at both a bit, but

equal, unclean, in which l individual who heard equally in both ears, both were

something unclean, r. greater than l

Thereafter, in unequal blockage of ears with wax not search the basic question, and

I must content myself for now to note the fact of difference with that probable reason,

without a secure base to be able to specify this.

It would not be without interest to apply any of the previous corresponding survey

on vision in both eyes. However, we already have one investigation based on use of

the registers of the optic nerve deaf in Leipzig, estimable, which can be obtained

here, in the, published by EH Weber Holkes name, but the actual content of all

dependent Weber thesis:

Disquisitio acie oculi dextri de mille et sinistri in ducentis hominibus sexual,

Aetate vitae ratione et diversis examinata. Lipsiae 1830 thereof, in the dissertation

itself further specified overall result of this is: "Ex 1450 hominibus cujusvis Aetatis,

sexus, Ordinis et opificii, qui a Cl. Taubero vitra acceperunt ocularia, mille satis

aequaliter oculo utroque cernebant. In 415 hominibus vere, qui hoc inaequalitatis

Vitio about oculos premerentur, myopesque simul essent, 248 reperiebantur Brevius

in sinistro quam in dextro cernentes, nec nisi quibus 167 in inversa ratio obtineret. In

254 hominibus, in quibus eadem singulis adesset oculorum inaequalitas, simul vero

presbyopiae vitium adjunctum, 137 a 117 a dextro et sinistro oculo graviorem

offerebant presbyopiam. Igitur in myopibus sinister in presbyopibus vero Deteriorforet oculus dexter, dexter Itaque in casu utroque longinquius cernens. Veruntamen

Quisque intelligit, ad haec confirmanda opus adhucdum eat majore observationum


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copia, Eaque in sanis quidem inslituenda, oculari vitro minime indigentibus. "

Meanwhile, this study refers to the visual range rather than the brightness of both

eyes. But I met with my studies of binocular vision to a plurality of individuals which

konstatierten by alternating circuit of one and the other eye or by pushing apart of the

double image of a white box on a black ground, a greater brightness of the one than

the other eye, and began himself to, occasionally to make further observations aboutit, as I led many individuals to watch, whether in the view of the sky in the evening or

on the milk glass shade of a burning lamp, the field appears brighter at the end of the

day them one or the other eye. Here, too, a considerable overweight found in favor of

the left eye. But I lead with diligence on any figures, because soon aufdrang me the

conviction that only can cause occasional attempts to secure anything and I do not

consider that result to be reliable. It is difficult to make many people understand that

it was not a question about clarity, but brightness, both eyes must carefully protected

against unequal fatigue, be brought under the same lighting effect and tested

repeatedly under different circumstances, what not everything by merely occasionalattempts this and that can happen. Moreover, such an inquiry may unquestionably

have interest only if it is done with consideration to the question of how far the

occurring inequalities based rather on uneven darkening of the transparent media of

the eye or unequal sensitivity of the retina, which the concurrence of the

ophthalmoscope, the entoptic shadows and other diagnostic expedients presupposes

that I'm not familiar enough, so I consider to be appropriate to recommend such an

investigation chiefs physiological and clinical institutes eyes stations, which draw

while a larger number of young people who needed guidance and can provide you

with the necessary tools. Apart from the brightness of the eyes can also color vision and the ability of the

same fatigue be different, which is very good by generating double images in my

treatise on the binocular vision (Abhandl. D. schs Soc. Phys-math. Cl. VS 375 ff 413

ff) can be determined manner specified, and unquestionably it will be useful, to

connect with the investigation here about the unequal brightness of the eyes.

about the unequal clarity of hearing in the left and right ear-english- gustav theodor fechner

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