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Abraham Lincoln’s Presidency

February 12, 1809: Born in Kentucky 1830: Moves to Illinois where he

becomes a clerk 1831-1842: Member of the Illinois

legislature 1858: Lincoln-Douglas Debates,

defeated in campaign for US Senate 1860: Wins election of 1860 against

Stephen Douglas, John Breckinridge, and John Bell

1861-1865: President of the United States

April 15, 1865: Assassinated at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C

Brief Biography of Lincoln

Republican Abraham Lincoln Popular in the North

because he spoke out against slavery in debates

Ends up starting as being indifferent about slavery and has a main goal of preserving the Union

Wins 10% of the popular vote without even being on Southern Ballots, won key electoral votes

Northern Democrat Stephen Douglas Does not want to spread

slavery into Western Territory. Wants to fund Homestead Act and Transcontinental Railroad

Pleads with Southerners to stay in the Union regardless of who is elected

Not popular in the South. Only won in Missouri and only had three votes from New Jersey

Election of 1860

Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge of

Kentucky Wins most of the slave-

holding states in the deep South

Supports expansion of slavery into the territories

Constitutional Union Party John Bell Main Goal: heal the split

between the North and the South

Promises to preserve slavery in the Union

Wins three border states

Election of 1860

“In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without yourselves the aggressor.” Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861

“..the union now subsisting between South Carolina and the other states, under the name of ‘United States of America’, is hereby dissolved.” Secede: to separate, to leaveStates Seceding the Union after Lincoln’s election:• South Carolina• Mississippi• Florida• Alabama• Georgia• Louisiana• Texas• Virginia (West Virginia breaks away and remains in Union)• Arkansas• North Carolina • Tennessee

Jefferson Davis was the only President of the Confederacy (only lasted 4 years)

Opposed secession while in the Senate but was pro-slavery

Could not overcome infrastructure problems within the Confederacy

Was later widely respected in the South as a symbol of the “Lost Cause”

Jefferson Davis: President of the CSA

Slave states that did not secede Delaware: Union support, few

slaves Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland—

supported the South, but divided Maryland—martial law control of

military authorities

Border States

Union fort in the middle of Charleston Harbor Apr. 11, 1861: Confederate demand Union surrenders

fort, Union refuses Apr. 12, 1861: Confederates begin to demand and

continue for 34 hours Union troops were unprepared—lacking ammunition,

tried to conserve ammunition throughout the battle No one was killed in battle but Union surrender

surrenders fort

Fort Sumter

Union: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kansas, Oregon, California, West Virginia

Confederacy: Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Florida

Border: Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delawere

Union: BlueConfederacy: GrayBorder: Red