absolute monarchs in europe , 1500–1800
DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER. 21. QUIT. Absolute Monarchs in Europe , 1500–1800. Chapter Overview. Time Line. Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism. 1. SECTION. MAP. France’s Ultimate Monarch. 2. SECTION. Central European Monarchs Clash. 3. SECTION. Russian Czars Increase Power. 4. SECTION. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500–1800
QUIT
Chapter OverviewChapter Overview
Time LineTime Line
Visual SummaryVisual Summary
SECTION Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism 1
SECTION France’s Ultimate Monarch 2
SECTION Central European Monarchs Clash 3
SECTION Russian Czars Increase Power 4
SECTION Parliament Limits the English Monarchy 5
21CHAPTER
MAP
GRAPH
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Chapter Overview
From 1500 to 1800, absolute monarchs rule in Europe. In countries such as Spain and France, rulers wield great power and build major monuments to their rule. In countries such as England and the Netherlands, constitutional law limits royal power.
21CHAPTER Absolute Monarchs
in Europe, 1500–1800
1579 Netherlands declares independence from Spain.
1649 Puritans under Oliver Cromwell execute English King.
21CHAPTER
Time Line
1500 1800
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Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500–1800
1756 Frederick the Great begins Seven Years’ War.
1533 Ivan the Terrible begins to rule Russia.
1643 Louis XIV begins to rule France.
1697 Peter the Great begins European tour. He later built St. Petersburg to rival European capitals.
In the 1500s, Philip II of Spain becomes the strongest ruler in Europe, helping establish absolute monarchy. But in time Spain weakens, and the Netherlands breaks away from Spanish rule.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
1
MAP
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MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
During a time of religious and economic instability, Philip II ruled Spain with a strong hand.
When faced with crises, many heads of government take on additional economic or political powers.
Overview
Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
1
AssessmentAssessment
• Philip II
• absolute monarch
• divine right
TERMS & NAMES
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MAP
1. List the conditions that allowed European monarchs to gain power. Then list the ways they exercised their increased power.
Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
1
Section 1 Assessment
continued . . .
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MAP
Decline of feudalism
Rise of cities
Growth of national kingdoms
Growth of middle class
Wealth of colonies
Breakdown of Church authority
Economic and religious crisesRevolts
Regulated worship, social gatherings, and economy Increased size of court
Created new government bureaucraciesReduced power of nobles and representative bodies
Absolute Monarch
2. What does the art described in this section reveal about the cultures of Spain and the Netherlands? THINK ABOUT
Section
Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
1
1 Assessment
• what the art of Velázquez and El Greco revealsabout Spain
• what the art of Rembrandt and Vermeer revealsabout the Netherlands
ANSWERANSWER
• Velázquez showed pride of Spanish monarchs.
• El Greco showed Catholic faith in Spain.
• Rembrandt and Vermeer showed the importance of merchants, civic leaders, and the middle class in the Netherlands.
Possible Responses:
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MAP
End of Section 1
Religious wars plague France in the 1500s. With the rise of Louis XIV, France becomes Europe’s most powerful nation. Louis’s rule extends French power and prestige, but he leads the country into crippling wars.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
France’s Ultimate Monarch
2HOME
France’s Ultimate Monarch
2
After a century of war and riots, France was ruled by Louis XIV, the most powerful monarch of his time.
Louis used his power to build a great palace and sponsor art that is part of France’s cultural legacy.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• Edict of Nantes
• Cardinal Richelieu
• skepticism
• Louis XIV
• intendant
• Jean Baptiste Colbert
• War of the Spanish Succession
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
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France’s Ultimate Monarch
2
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the major events of Louis XIV’s reign.
Section 2 Assessment
continued . . .
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1643 1715
Louis becomes
king.
1648-1653
Riots disrupt France.
1661
Louis starts rule.
1667 1672 1685 1701-1713
Louis invades the
Spanish Netherlands.
Louis invades the
Dutch Netherlands.
Louis voids
Edict of Nantes.
Louis fights War of
Spanish Succession.
Louis dies.
France’s Ultimate Monarch
2
2. Many historians think of Louis XIV as the perfect example of an absolute monarch. Do you agree? Explain why or why not. THINK ABOUT
Section 2 Assessment
• the description of an absolute monarch at the end of Section 1
• the ways in which Louis XIV fits that description • any ways in which Louis XIV does not fit the description
ANSWERANSWER
Yes—regulated worship by voiding Edict of Nantes, weakened nobility by using intendants and making nobles live at court, built palace to show power, used mercantilist policies to control economy continued . . .
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Possible Response:
France’s Ultimate Monarch
2
3. How did the policies of Colbert and Louis XIV affect the French economy? Explain both positive and negative effects. THINK ABOUT
Section 2 Assessment
• Colbert’s attempts to make France self-sufficient • what happened when Louis cancelled the Edict of Nantes • the cost of Versailles and wars
ANSWERANSWER
Colbert’s mercantilism helped economy by building up and protecting French industries.
Louis XIV helped economy by using Colbert’s policies but hurt it by voiding Edict of Nantes, which drove out Huguenots, and by taxing and spending to fund building and wars.
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Possible Responses:
End of Section 2
Central Europe also becomes the scene of devastating wars. The most destructive conflict, the Thirty Years’ War, severely weakens the Holy Roman Empire. Afterward, Austria and Prussia struggle for power.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Central European Monarchs Clash
3HOME
After a period of turmoil, absolute monarchs ruled Austria and the Germanic state of Prussia.
Prussia built a strong military tradition in Germany that contributed in part to world wars in the 20th century.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• Thirty Years’ War
• Maria Theresa
• Frederick the Great
• Seven Years’ War
Central European Monarchs Clash
3
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
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Central European Monarchs Clash
3
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great.
Section 3 Assessment
continued . . .
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1740-1780 1740-1786
Allied with former enemy France
Allied with Austria’s former ally Britain
Lost Silesia in War of Austrian Succession and did not regain it in Seven Years’ War
Gained Silesia in War of Austrian Succession and neither gained nor lost in Seven Years’ War
Imposed limits on nobility
Followed his father’s military policies
Points of Comparison Maria Theresa Frederick the Great
Years of reign
Foreign policy
Success in war
Steps to become absolute monarchs
Central European Monarchs Clash
3
Section 3 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
• ended religious wars, allowing Europe to split into Catholic and Protestant areas
• weakened Holy Roman Empire
• recognized Europe as collection of independent states
• began modern way of negotiating
Possible Responses:
2. Name several ways that the Peace of Westphalia laid the foundations of modern Europe. THINK ABOUT
• religious effects • diplomatic effects • political effects
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End of Section 3
Russian rulers begin to dominate the nobility in the 16th and 17th centuries. Under Peter the Great, Russia opens up to the West and becomes a key European power.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Russian Czars Increase Power
4HOME
GRAPH
Peter the Great made many changes in Russia to try to make it more like western Europe.
Many Russians today debate whether to model themselves on the West or to focus on traditional Russian culture.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• Ivan the Terrible
• boyars
• Peter the Great
• westernization
Russian Czars Increase Power
4
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
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GRAPH
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the important events of Peter the Great’s reign.
Russian Czars Increase Power
4
continued . . .
Section 4 Assessment
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GRAPH
Peter the GreatVisited western Europe
Took control of church Reduced power
of landownersModernized army
Tried to westernize Russia
Fought Sweden for Baltic land
Had St. Petersburg built
Section 4 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
2. Do you think Ivan the Terrible or Peter the Great was more of an absolute monarch? Explain the standards by which you made your decision. THINK ABOUT
• ways that each increased the power of the Russian czar
Russian Czars Increase Power
4
• long term effects of each one’s rule
Ivan—Took title czar, which means “caesar”; expanded Russia; gave law code; organized his own police force; persecuted boyars; created new class of nobles. Aimed to increase and protect his own power more than to improve Russia.
Peter—Took control of church; reduced power of landowners; strengthened army; imposed heavy taxes; forced nobles to move to St. Petersburg. Made reforms whether people wanted them or not.
Possible Responses:
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GRAPH
continued . . .
Section 4 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
3. Which of Peter the Great’s actions reveal that he saw himself as the highest authority in Russia? Explain. THINK ABOUT
• steps he took to reduce the authority of others
Russian Czars Increase Power
4
• actions that overturned traditional sources of authority in Russia
Possible Responses:
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GRAPH
• showed he saw himself above church by taking control of it
• showed he saw himself above nobility by weakening it and forcing it to westernize
• showed he saw himself above tradition by forcing Western customs on Russia End of Section 4
English kings battle Parliament for power in the 1600s, leading to civil war. Parliament wins, and a Puritan government is formed. The monarchy is later restored, but its power is limited by law.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
5HOME
Absolute rulers in England were overthrown, and Parliament gained power.
Many of the government reforms of this period contributed to the democratic tradition of the United States.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
5
• Charles I
• English Civil War
• Oliver Cromwell
• Restoration
• habeas corpus
• Glorious Revolution
• constitutional monarchy
• cabinet
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
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Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the causes of each monarch’s conflict with Parliament.
Section 5 Assessment
5
continued . . .
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Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
Monarch Conflicts with Parliament
James I
Charles I
James II
• Believed in divine right to rule• Wanted large funds to pay for court and wars• Did not make Puritan reforms
• Wanted funds to finance wars• Tried to force all subjects to be Anglican• Resisted Parliament’s attempts to restrict his power
• Flaunted his faith• Named Catholics to high office
5
Section 5 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
• He alienated Parliament by dissolving it, ignoring Petition of Right, and trying to arrest Parliamentary leaders.
• He alienated his subjects by imposing fines and fees on them and trying to force them all to be Anglican.
Possible Responses:
2. In your opinion, which decisions of Charles I made his conflict with Parliament worse? Explain. THINK ABOUT
• decisions that lost him the support of Parliament • decisions that lost him the support of his people
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Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
End of Section 5