absolutism in eastern europe

Absolutism in Eastern Europe

Review

1. In seventeenth and eighteenth century Prussia, the Junkers supported the monarchy and served in

the army in return for:

A. the right to sell their landsB. virtually absolute power

over their serfsC. control of an independent

national parliamentD. toleration of their religious

diversityE. exemption from all taxes

2. Frederick William, the Great Elector, advocated all of the following policies EXCEPT:

A. a uniform currency systemB. profitable dynastic

marriagesC. a citizen militia rather that

a standing armyD. the migration of

Huguenots from France to Prussia

E. canal construction

5. All of the following statements are true of seventeenth century Prussia EXCEPT:

A. it was thinly populatedB. it had poor soil and very few

mineral resourcesC. it was formed of widely

scattered territoriesD. it had it was a flat, open

plainE. excellent ports on the Baltic,

the Rhine, and the Elbe

6. Which of the following is true about the rulers of BOTH Austria and Prussia

during the seventeenth century?

A. they maintained permanent standing armies

B. they patterned their society after that of the Ottoman Empire

C. they succeeded in avoiding war for most of the century

D. they created centralized unified nation-states

E. they abolished serfdom

10. The reign of Peter the Great of Russia (1682-1725) resulted in which of the following?

A. the abolition of the Russian Orthodox Church

B. the limited territorial expansion of Russia

C. the weakening of serfdom

D. a decrease in the tax burden on poor peasants

E. the emergence of a wealthy middle class

11. Which of the following was NOT a feature of the reign of Peter the Great?

A. wars to expand the boundaries of Russia

B. autocratic ruleC. reforms to

westernize RussiaD. expansion of the

armyE. reforms to retard

the spread of serfdom

12. All of the following were measures Peter the Great took to strengthen the Russian monarch's

authority EXCEPT:

A. establishing control over the Russian Orthodox church

B. establishing a parliament modeled on that of England

C. copying Western forms of royal administration

D. reorganizing the nobility by tying status to royal recognition of rank

E. declaring himself emperor

13. Which of the following occurred in

Russia between 1530 and 1715?

I. a strengthening of the power of the czars

II. the expansion of Russia to the Pacific

III. the establishment of closer cultural ties with western Europe

A. I onlyB. II and III onlyC. II onlyD. I, II, and III

13. Which of the following occurred in Russia between 1530 and 1715?

I. a strengthening of the power of the czars

II. the expansion of Russia to the Pacific

III. the establishment of closer cultural ties with western Europe

A. I onlyB. II and III onlyC. II onlyD. I, II, and III

15. In response to the problems of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the landlords

of eastern Europe

A. offered better economic terms to their peasants.

B. used political power to gain control of the peasants.

C. renounced their traditional control of local justice.

D. imported labor from western Europe.

17. The administration of justice in eastern Europe generally was

A. in the hands of trained jurists working for the monarch.

B. controlled by local landlords.

C. the basis of the monarch's reforms.

D. relegated to the local clergy.

18. The importance and liberty of eastern European towns were undermined, in large part,

by

A. nobles selling agricultural commodities directly to foreign capitalists.

B. the enserfment of the peasants.

C. the creation of royal monopolies on trade.

D. the depopulation resulting from the Black Death.

19. As a result of the revolt by the Bohemian nobility in 1618,

A. the native Bohemian nobility was wiped out.

B. Bohemia gained independence from the Habsburgs.

C. the Habsburgs allowed Protestants to worship.

D. the Bohemian parliament gained power over taxation.

20. Absolute monarchs in eastern Europe monopolized power in all of the following areas

EXCEPT

A. taxation.B. the military.C. foreign policy.D. justice.

21. In the aftermath of the siege of Vienna in 1683, the Habsburgs

A. were forced to relinquish Bohemia.

B. conquered most of Hungary and Transylvania.

C. reestablished the parliaments of Bohemia and Syria.

D. pursued a peaceful relationship with the Ottoman Empire.

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22. The Thirty Years' War served as a catalyst for the development of absolutism in

A. Spain.B. Prussia.C. the Ottoman

Empire.D. France.

24. What was necessary for the smooth functioning of the Ottoman social and political

organization?

A. the subjugation and conversion of Christian peasants.

B. control of the trade routes between Asia and Europe.

C. peace and prosperity.D. continuous territorial

expansion.

25. Which of the following was true of the

Ottoman Empire? A. the hereditary

nobility monopolized political and social power.

B. Christians were systematically converted to Islam.

C. there was virtually no such thing as private property.

D. there was strict separation of church and state.

25. Which of the following was true of the Ottoman Empire?

A. the hereditary nobility monopolized political and social power.

B. Christians were systematically converted to Islam.

C. there was virtually no such thing as private property.

D. there was strict separation of church and state.

26. The hereditary provinces of the Habsburg state included all of the following EXCEPT

A. Brandenburg.B. Austria.C. Hungary.D. Bohemia.

28. All of the following were factors in the Hungarians' fight against Habsburg absolutism

EXCEPT

A. the strength of the Protestant faith in Hungary.

B. an alliance with the Turks.

C. the commercial and industrial strength of Hungary.

D. early adherence to a national ideal.

30. In the years after 1713, the former Spanish holdings and its influences in Italy passed into

the hands of:

A. FranceB. AustriaC. PrussiaD. the kingdom of

Savoy

30. In the years after 1713, the former Spanish holdings and its influences in Italy passed into

the hands of:

A. FranceB. AustriaC. PrussiaD. the kingdom of

Naples

31. The accomplishments of Frederick William the Great Elector include all of the following

EXCEPT

A. abolition of serfdom.

B. establishment of a standing army.

C. introduction of permanent taxation without consent

D. reduction of the power and independence of towns and cities.

32. During the constitutional struggle between Frederick William the Great Elector and the

Prussian nobility,

A. the nobles allied with the towns.

B. the nobles put national interest above personal interests.

C. war and invasion strengthened Frederick William's hand.

D. the estates gained control of taxation.

•

32. During the constitutional struggle between Frederick William the Great Elector and the

Prussian nobility,

A. the nobles allied with the towns.

B. the nobles put national interest above personal interests.

C. war and invasion strengthened Frederick William's hand.

D. the estates gained control of taxation.

33. Frederick I the Ostentatious is remembered for his

A. administrative reforms.

B. creation of Prussian militarism.

C. efforts to control the exploitation of the Prussian peasants.

D. slavish imitation of Louis XIV and acquisition of the royal title of king.

34. The accomplishments of Frederick William I included all of the following EXCEPT the

A. inculcation of militaristic values into the entire society.

B. establishment of an honest bureaucracy.

C. conquest of new territories.

D. recruitment of the Prussian nobility to serve in his army.

35. The policies and actions of Frederick William I were based on his belief that the

welfare of the king and state depended on the

A. army.B. agrarian

economy.C. bureaucracy.D. nobility.

36. The most enduring legacy of Frederick William I was

A. the establishment of a first-rate bureaucracy.

B. his foundation for the most militaristic country of modern times.

C. his decision to transform the peasants into serfs.

D. the acquisition of the royal title.

37. In return for its services in the army and government, the Prussian nobility

(Junkers):

A. was exempted from all taxation

B. was given a monopoly of government offices

C. received a majority of the seats in the Estates General

D. was given a free hand over the peasantry

38. All of the following characterized Brandenburg-Prussia between 1640-1740

EXCEPT:

A. government-dominated economic life

B. territorial consolidation

C. privileged position for the military

D. privileged position for the Junkers

E. religious persecution

39. The population of St. Petersburg was

A. compelled by Peter to reside there.

B. drawn to the new capital by its beauty.

C. composed almost exclusively of government officials.

D. composed of mostly foreigners who had built the city.

42. Which of the following statements about the conquests of the Mongols is NOT true:

A. the Poles and Germans were defeated by the horde of Batu Khan

B. the Mamluks of Egypt were subjugated in 1260

C. the Abbasids caliphate was brought to an end in 1258

D. their impact in Russia fell most heavily upon Moscow

43. Which of the following was NOT a factor in Moscow's rise to a position of dominance in

Russia?

A. geographical position

B. a series of able princes

C. it always opposed the Mongols

D. support of the Russian church

44. The concept of services to the state on the part of nobles of Russia became universal

during the reign of:

A. Ivan the TerribleB. Peter the GreatC. Ivan IIID. Michael

Romanov

45. The oprichnina or secret police, created by Ivan the Terrible, was used by

him to:

A. bring the church under his control

B. break the will of the noble class

C. drive the Mongols or Tatars from all Russian lands

D. establish the power of Moscow in Poland

46. Czar Michael Romanov came to the throne of Russia as a result of

A. a military coupB. the influence of

the churchC. the intervention

of the PolesD. an election by

the nobles

47. The Romanov dynasty ruled Russia from 1613 until:

A. Peter the Great gained the throne

B. the time of Catherine the Great

C. the Crimean WarD. the Russian

Revolution of 1917

48. The major themes for literature and art in the early Russian state came largely from:

A. the nobilityB. the churchC. Poland and

GermanyD. the merchant

class

49. Seeking timber, rope, pitch, and other naval supplies, the merchants of

this land were the first to penetrate Russia in any numbers:

A. ChinaB. EnglandC. GermanyD. France

51. The Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689, the first treaty the Chinese signed with a European

nation, dealt with:

A. the English establishing a trading post on Hong Kong Island

B. French annexation of Indo-China

C. recognition of the new Manchu dynasty by the powers of Europe

D. stabilization of the border with Russia Siberia

52. Proof that North America was not connected with Asia came as a result of the

exploration of:

A. Francis XavierB. Henry HudsonC. Vitus BeringD. William Barents

55. Which of the following nations and dynasties is NOT properly matched?

A. Hapsburgs of Austria

B. Hanoverians of England

C. Hohenzollerns of Prussia

D. Kornilovs of Russia

56. Peter the Great accomplished all of the

following EXCEPT:

A. he unified all of Russia under his leadership and control

B. he built a new capital at St. Petersburg

C. he defeated the Swedes

D. he created the Russian navy

56. Peter the Great accomplished all of the following EXCEPT:

A. he unified all of Russia under his leadership and control

B. he built a new capital at St. Petersburg

C. he defeated the Swedes

D. he created the Russian navy

57. Peter the Great was able to defeat the Swedes because:

A. the Swedish king was a maniac

B. he reformed his army along western lines

C. all Russia united behind the Czar in a remarkable show of patriotic fervor

D. the Swedish Baltic provinces revolted against their oppressors

59. Of major significance in the reign of Peter the Great was the:

A. binding of the nobility to state service

B. founding of MoscowC. Time of TroubleD. Bolshevik

Revolution

59. Of major significance in the reign of Peter the Great was the:

A. binding of the nobility to state service

B. founding of Moscow

C. Time of TroubleD. Bolshevik

Revolution

60. A major event in the reign of Peter the Great was the:

A. Pugachev revoltB. foundation of

MoscowC. Battle of PoltavaD. so-called Time of

TroublesE. organization of

Russia's first secret police

61. Peter the Great of Russia incorporated all of the following in his effort to modernize his

states EXCEPT

A. a standing professional army.

B. new taxation policies.

C. a bureaucracy based on merit.

D. effective local government and judiciary.

62. Charles XII of Sweden scored a major victory over Peter the Great at the Battle of

A. Poltava.B. Navra.C. St. Petersburg.D. Karlsruhe.

B

63. The Cossack leader Stenka Razin claimed that

A. the tsar was responsible for the suffering of the peasants.

B. evil officials and nobles, not the tsar, were responsible for the conditions of the peasants.

C. he was the true tsar.D. the reforms of Peter the

Great were destroying the peasants.

66. Many scholars believe that the Russian concept of kingship was derived from

A. the Mongols.B. imperial Rome.C. France.D. Byzantium.

A

67. The Cossacks were originally

A. a Turkish tribe that settled in the Ukraine.

B. runaway peasants from central Russia.

C. religious dissenters.D. special military units

of the tsars.

B

69. After the Time of Troubles, the Romanov tsars

A. increased the obligations of the nobility.

B. relaxed the obligations of the serfs.

C. relaxed the obligations of the nobility.

D. fostered the growth of an urban middle class.

B

70. The reforms of Patriarch Nikon led to

A. an independent church hierarchy.

B. a split between the church hierarchy and the common people.

C. more uniform practice of Orthodox Christianity.

D. a closer relationship with the Catholic church.

B

72. The reign of Peter the Great was characterized by

A. noble rebellion.B. relative peace.C. incessant warfare.D. economic and social

transformation.

73. Peter's new tax, on "souls,"

A. was levied on all clergy, church lands, church serfs, and monastic holdings.

B. attempted to make the wealth of the nobility subject to taxation.

C. made people the basis for the taxation system in Russia, not land.

D. was vigorously resented by peasant and noble alike, and led to serious civil unrest throughout Russia.C

74. Perhaps the most important consequence of Peter I's reforms was the

A. creation of a middle class.

B. widening gap between the elite and commoners.

C. use of French as the language of state.

D. imposition of royal justice in the provinces.

B

76. Perhaps the most important consequence of Stenka Razin's uprising was the

A. creation of the myth of rebellion that would inspire future generations.

B. abolition of serfdom.C. establishment of the

Cossack tradition.D. overthrow of the

Mongol Yoke.

A

77. The baroque palaces of central and eastern European princes were modeled on

A. Notre Dame de Paris.B. the Louvre.C. Versailles.D. the Kremlin.

78. All of the following were characteristic of the new royal cities EXCEPT

A. broad avenues.B. imposing

government buildings.C. speeding carriages.D. wide sidewalks.

D

absolutism in eastern europe

Documents

great of russia

following statements

following policies

western europea

century prussia

landlords of eastern

great elector

reign of peter