absolutism in western europe. characteristics monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Absolutism in Western Europe
![Page 2: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Characteristics
Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies
Nobility effectively brought under controlBureaucracies loyal to the king only (“nobility
of the robe”)French and Spanish kings gained control of
Catholic ChurchLarge standing armiesSecret police
![Page 3: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Philosophy
Jean Boudin (1530-1596) Theoretical basis for absolute states Only absolutism could provide order and force people to
obey governmentThomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
Wrote “Leviathan” Life in a state of nature was “nasty, brutish, and short” Needed strong, benevolent ruler to bring order to society
Bishop Jacques Bossuet (1627-1704) Advocate of divine right of kings God put kings in power, they are accountable to no one else
![Page 4: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Wars of Louis XIV
First Dutch War (1667-1668) Louis invaded Spanish Netherlands (Belgium), gained some
territorySecond Dutch War (1672-1678)
Louis invaded southern Netherlands for their opposition in first war
France gained some more territory, especially region of Alsace
War of the League of Augsburg (1688-1697) L of A: HRE, Spain, Sweden, Bavaria, Saxony, Dutch
Republic Formed to oppose another invasion Balance of power William of Orange brought England in against France Ended with status quo antebellum
![Page 5: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
War of Spanish Succession
Louis XIV’s grandson to inherit throne
Europe feared end to balance of power
France would become too strong
Countries allied to stop succession
Treaty of Utrecht (1713) Maintained balance of power Spain’s possessions were
partitioned Britain got asiento (slave trade) New kings in Sardinia and Prussia
![Page 6: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Europe in 1700
![Page 7: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Compromise in Central and Eastern
Europe
![Page 8: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Differences
Kingdoms less economically developed than in West Brandenburg-Prussia German states Austria Poland
Landowners still controlled vast estates worked by serfs
Serfs bound to land, not mobileNobles avoided erosion of wealth that
weakened nobility in France and England
![Page 9: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Compromise
In West, middle class had made the difference Money could help finance their allies Could supply people for fighting
In East, middle class failed to develop wealth and numbers
Balance in power between monarchs and nobles
Created need to compromise
![Page 10: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Leopold I of Austria
![Page 11: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Tsarist Absolutism in Russia
![Page 12: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Exception
Tsars gained absolute power with agricultural economy based on serf labor
Romanov family bought loyalty of noblesGave nobles complete control over classes
below themLaw Code of 1649
Consolidated various lower economic classes into one (serfs)
Wealth came from aggressive expansion into Asia
Peter the Great pushed Westernization
![Page 14: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Revolts
Some periodic revolts against RomanovsMostly due to decreasing power of peasantsCossack revolts in 1660s and 1670s brutally
repressedTsar was simply too powerful
Increasingly modern military Creation of state bureaucracy based on the West Russian Orthodox Church emphasized traditional
hierarchy
![Page 15: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Constitutionalism in
Great Britain
![Page 16: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Stuart Monarchy
![Page 17: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
English ParliamentAssembly of elites who
advised the kingDifferent from
continental assemblies: Members elected Eligibility for election
depended on property ownership
Members voted individually, not as a class
Saw itself as a body representing interests of all people
![Page 18: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Parliament turned to James’ sister, MaryOffered throne to her and her husband,
William of Orange He was from the Netherlands
Parliament’s armies teamed up with Dutch invasion
Kicked James II out of the countryReign of William and Mary was establishment
of constitutional monarchy Kings limited by laws of Parliament Theoretical support provided by John Locke (natural
rights)
![Page 19: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
William and Mary
![Page 20: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
English Bill of Rights
Laid foundation for constitutional monarchyListed rights of Parliament vs. monarchical
powerExamples:
No suspending laws without approval Right of petition No peacetime army Freedom of speech No excessive bail or cruel and unusual punishment Parliament must meet frequently
![Page 21: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Baroque Architecture
![Page 22: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Palace of Versailles
Paris, France
![Page 23: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Schonnbrun PalaceVienna, Austria
![Page 25: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Winter Palace, Russia
![Page 28: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Absolutism in Western Europe. Characteristics Monarchs not subordinate to elected assemblies Nobility effectively brought under control Bureaucracies](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd31a28abf838cac035/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The ResidenzMunich, Germany