absoption and tissue distribution of radiozinc i steers fed high zinc rations

8/2/2019 Absoption and Tissue Distribution of Radiozinc i Steers Fed High Zinc Rations

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/absoption-and-tissue-distribution-of-radiozinc-i-steers-fed-high-zinc-rations 1/9

Skipper and G. K. DavisJ. P. Feaster, Sam L. Hansard, J. T. McCall, F. H.Radiozinc in Steers Fed High-Zinc Rations

Absorption and Tissue Distribution of

1954, 13:781-788. J ANIM SCI

http://jas.fass.org/content/13/4/781World Wide Web at:

theupdated information and services, is located onThe online version of this article, along with

www.asas.org

by guest on February 27, 2012 jas.fass.orgDownloaded from

http://jas.fass.org/






A B S O R P T I O N A N D T I S S U E D I S T R I B U T I O N O F R A D I O Z IN C

I N S T E E R S F E D H I G H - Z I N C R A T I O N S 1

J. P. FEASTER, SAM L . HANSARD, J. T . McCA LL, F. H . SKIPPER 3 AND

G. K. DAVIS

F l o r id a A g r i c u lt u r a l E x p e r i m e n t S t a ti o n 4

I T h a s b ee n s h o w n b y B e r t r a n d a n d B h a t t a c h e r j e e ( 1 9 3 4 ) a n d b yE l v e h j e m a n d a s s o c ia t e s ( 1 9 3 4 , 1 9 3 5 ) t h a t z i n c is a n e c e s s a r y c o n -

s t i t u e n t o f t h e d i e t f o r t h e n o r m a l g r o w t h o f m i c e a n d r a t s . E x c e s s

d i e t a r y z i nc w a s r e p o r t e d b y S u t t o n a n d N e l s o n ( 1 9 3 7 ) t o p ro d u c e

a n e m i a , s u b n o r m a l g r o w t h a n d r e p r o d u c t i v e f a i l u r e i n r a t s . G r a y a n d

E l l is ( 1 9 5 0 ) n o t e d t h a t t h e i n h i b i t o r y ef fe c t o f m o l y b d e n u m o n g r o w t h

o f r a t s w a s a g g r a v a t e d b y t h e a d d i t i o n o f z i n c t o t h e d i e t , b u t o b s e r v e d

n o r e t a r d a t i o n o f g r o w t h u p o n a d d i t i o n o f z i n c a l o n e . S c o t t a n d F i s h e r

( 1 9 3 8 ) o b s e r v e d w e i g h t lo s se s in m a t u r e c a t s f e d o n a h i g h z i n c d i e t .

M c C a n c e a n d W i d d o w s o n ( 1 9 4 2 ) o b s e r v e d t h a t i n h u m a n s , e x ce s s

d i e t a r y z i n c w a s e x c r e t e d i n t h e f e c e s , w i t h n o c o r r e s p o n d i n g i n c r e a s e

i n u r i n a r y z i n c e x c r e t i o n . T h e e x c r e t i o n a n d t is s u e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f

i n j e c t e d r a d i o a c t i v e z i n c 65 h a s b e e n s t u d i e d i n d o g s a n d m i c e b y S h e l i n e

et al . ( 1 9 4 3 ) . T h e r a d i o i s o to p e h a s a ls o b e e n e m p l o y e d i n s tu d ie s o f

t h e re l a ti o n s h i p o f z i n c t o t h e p a n c r e a s ( M o n t g o m e r y a n d c o - w o r k er s ,

1 9 4 3; H e a t h a n d L i q u i e r- M i l w a r d , 1 9 50 ; L o w r y , B a l d w i n a n d H a r -

r i n g t o n , 1 9 5 4 ) a n d b l o o d p l a s m a a n d ce l ls ( E b a u g h a n d R o s s , 1 9 5 2 ;

T u p p e r a n d W a t t s , 1 9 5 2 ) .T h e p r e s e n t i n v e s t i g a t i o n w a s u n d e r t a k e n t o s t u d y t h e m o v e m e n t o f

z i n c th r o u g h t h e a n i m a l b o d y a n d t o o b s e r v e p o s s i b le e f fe c ts o f e x c e ss

d i e t a r y z i n c o n t h e c o n d i ti o n o f c a tt l e a n d o n t h e a b s o r p t i o n a n d d i s tr i-

b u t i o n o f r a d i o a c t i v e z i n c 65 a d m i n i s t e r e d o r a l l y a n d i n t r a v e n o u s l y t o

y o u n g g r o w i n g s t e e r s .

E x p e r i m e n t a l

F o u r p u r e b r e d J e r s e y s t e e r s w e r e m a i n t a i n e d f r o m t h e a g e o f o n em o n t h o n a r a t i o n o f g r a i n ( f r o m ~ /2 p o u n d a t o n e m o n t h t o 6 p o u n d s

z F l o r i d a A g r i c u l t u r a l E x p e r i m e n t S t a t i o n J o u r n a l S er ie s, N o . 2 8 1 . P u b l i s h e d w i t h t h e a p p r o v a lo f t h e D i r e c t o r o f t h e F l o r i d a A g r i c u l t u r a l E x p e r i m e n t S t a t i o n . T h i s w o r k w a s s u p p o r t e d i n p a r tb y f u n d s g r a n t e d b y t h e N u t r i t i o n F o u n d a t i o n , In c .

P r e s e n t a d d r e s s U T - A E C A g r i c u l t u r a l R e s e a r c h P r o g r a m , O a k R i d g e , T e n n e s s e e .a P r e s e n t a d d r e s s U n i v e r s i t y o f N e w M e x i c o , A l b u q u e r q u e , N e w M e x i c o .4 Ga inesv i l l e .














































782 FEASTER, HANSARD, MCCALL, SKIPPER, AND DAVIS

a t o n e y e a r ) , 1 p o u n d c o t t o n s e e d o il m e a l a n d p r a i ri e h a y a c c o r d in g

t o t h e c a l c u l a t ed r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e a n i m a l . Z i n c c a r b o n a t e w a s a d d e d

a t l e v e ls o f 1 0 0 0 p p m . z i n c t o t h e t o t a l r a t i o n o f t w o o f t h e s t e e r s a n d

5 0 p p m . t o t h e t o t a l r a t i o n o f t h e o t h e r t w o ( c o n t r o l ) s t e er s . A t 1 3

a n d 1 8 m o n t h s o f a g e , r e s p e c t i v e l y , t h e h i g h z i n c a n d c o n t r o l a n i m a l s

w e r e p l a c e d i n m e t a b o l i s m u n i t s f o r t h e q u a n t i t a t i v e s e p a r a t i o n a n d c o l-

l e c t i o n o f u r i n e a n d f e ce s . A f t e r t h e a n i m a l s h a d b e c o m e a d j u s t e d t o t h e

u n i t a n d w e r e o n a c o n s t a n t f e e d i n t a k e t h e y w e r e g i v e n o r a l l y o r

i n t r a v e n o u s l y ( H a n s a r d et al . , 1951) a s ing le dose of z inc 65, and con-

c u r r e n t s i x -d a y c h e m i c a l a n d r a d i o is o t o p e b a l a n c e s t u d i es w e r e s t a r t e d 3B l o o d , f e c es a n d u r i n e s a m p l e s w e r e t a k e n a t r e g u l a r i n t e r v a l s f o r

a s s a y . A t t h e e n d o f 6 d a y s , t h e a n i m a l s w e r e s l a u g h t e r e d . T i s s u e s a m p l e s

w e r e c a r e f u l l y s e l e c te d , w e i g h e d a n d a s h e d . T h e a s h w a s d i s s o l v e d in

a c i d a n d t h e s o l u t i o n m a d e t o v o l u m e . R a d i o z i n c m e a s u r e m e n t s w e r e

m a d e w i t h d i p p i n g t y p e G e i g e r - M u l l e r C o u n t e r s a n d c o n v e n t i o n a l

s c a l e r s . T o t a l z i n c c o n t e n t o f s e l e c t e d t i s s u e s w a s d e t e r m i n e d b y m e a n s

o f t h e L e e d s a n d N o r t h r u p p o l a r o g r a p h a f t e r e x t r a c t i o n o f z i n c b y t h e

d i t h i z o n e p r o c e d u r e o f M e n z e l a n d J a c k s o n ( 1 9 4 0 ) .

R e s u l t s a n d D i s c u s s i o n

Absorp t ion and Excre t ion o] Z inc

T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e 6 - d a y b a l a n c e s t u d i e s i n d i c a t e d t h a t o n l y 3 - 1 0

p e r c e n t o f t h e d i e t a r y z i n c w a s a b s o r b e d f r o m t h e g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l

t r a c t . T h e r e w e r e n o g r o s s s y m p t o m s o f t o x i c e f f e c t s o b s e r v e d i n t h e

t w o a n i m a l s r e c e i v i n g t h e h i g h l e v e l s o f d i e t a r y z i n c , a n d a l t h o u g h t h e i r

w e i g h t g a i n s w e r e s l ig h t l y l o w e r t h a n t h o s e o f t h e c o n t r o l s , th e d i f f e re n c e

w a s n o t s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t . T h e h i g h - z i n c a n i m a l s a t s l a u g h t e r

w e i g h e d 4 2 7 a n d 4 8 0 p o u n d s a t 3 7 8 a n d 4 0 9 d a y s o f a g e , w h i l e t h e

c o n t r o l s t e e r s w e i g h e d 5 4 0 a n d 5 6 0 p o u n d s a t 5 0 5 a n d 5 3 9 d a y s o f a g e.

L i k e w i s e , t h e r e w e r e n o s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t s n o t e d o n z i n c ~ exc re t ion

t h a t c o u l d b e a t t r i b u t e d t o t h e d i ff e re n c e i n d i e t a r y z i n c i n t a k e . F o l l o w -

i n g o r a l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , h o w e v e r , t h e h i g h - z i n c s t e e r e x c r e t e d s l i g h t l y

m o r e o f t h e i s o to p e in t h e f e ce s ( 7 3 . 2 % ) t h a n t h e c o n t r o l a n i m a l

( 6 5 . 8 % ) . U r i n a r y e x c r e t i o n a c c o u n t e d f o r 0. 24 a n d 0 .3 9 p e r c e n t o f t h ea d m i n i s t e r e d d o s e . F o l l o w i n g i n t r a v e n o u s i n j e c t i o n o f z i n c , f e c a l v a l u e s

w e r e 2 0 . 6 a n d 2 0 . 7 p e r c e n t a n d u r i n e v a l u e s w e r e 0 . 3 3 a n d 0 . 1 3 p e r c e n t

o f t h e i n j e c t e d d o s e f o r t h e h i g h - z i n c a n d c o n t r o l a n i m a l s , r e s p e c t i v e l y .

5The labeled zinc~ was obtained from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,Tennessee, after allocation by the Isotope Division of the Atomic Energy Commission.




















































TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF ZINC 783

T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n a n i m a l s a r e w i t h i n t h e e x p e c t e d r a n g e o f

i n d i v i d u a l v a r i a t i o n a n d w o u l d i n d i c a t e l i tt l e e ff e c t o f d i e t a r y z i n c

i n t a k e u p o n z i n c 6~ b e h a v i o r i n t h i s s p ec i e s . Sh e l i n e e t a l . ( 1 9 4 3 ) h a v e

r e p o r t e d t h a t i n m i c e 5 0 p e r c e n t o f i n t r a v e n o u s l y i n j e c t e d z i n c 65

a p p e a r e d i n t h e f e ce s in 7 d a y s , a n d in d o g s 2 5 p e r c e n t a p p e a r e d i n

t h e f e c e s i n 1 5 d a y s , le s s t h a n 5 p e r c e n t b e i n g e x c r e t e d i n t h e u r i n e

d u r i n g t h e s e p e r i o d s .

F o l l o w i n g o r a l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f r a d i o z i n c , p e a k e x c r e t i o n o f t h e

i s o t o p e i n t h e f e c e s o c c u r r e d d u r i n g t h e 2 4 - t o 4 8 - h o u r i n t e r v a l . A f t e r

i n t r a v e n o u s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n t h e r e w a s n o s u c h c l e a r l y d e f i n e d p e a k ,a l t h o u g h r a d i o z i n c w a s e x c r e t e d a t a s l i g h t l y h i g h e r r a t e f r o m 2 4 t o

1 2 0 h o u r s a f t e r d o s i n g t h a n d u r i n g t h e r e m a i n d e r o f t h e d o s a g e - t o -

s ac r i f i ce i n t e rv a l .

Z i n c 65 i n t h e B l o o d

I n o r d e r t o s t u d y t h e m o v e m e n t a n d e x c h a n g e o f r a d io z i n c b e t w e e n

b l o o d a n d t is s u e s, b l o o d s a m p l e s w e r e d r a w n a t f r e q u e n t i n t e r v a l s

d u r i n g t h e 6 - d a y p e r i o d . A n a l y s i s o f 1 8 b l o o d s a m p l e s f r o m t h e

s t e e r s d o s e d o r a l l y in d i c a t e d t h a t z i n c ~ e n t e r i n g t h e b l o o d f r o m t h e

g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l t r a c t n e v e r r e a c h e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s s u f f i c i e n t l y h i g h

t o m e a s u r e . F o l l o w i n g i n t r a v e n o u s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e i s o t o p e , h o w -

e v e r , t h e l e v e l o f z i n c 65 d e c r e a s e d r a p i d l y f r o m 1 00 p e r c e n t o f t h e d o s e

i n th e t o t a l b l o o d a t 3 m i n u t e s t o 1 0 p e r c e n t a f t e r 4 h o u r s . T o t a l b l o o d

w a s c a lc u l a t e d a s 7 p e r c e n t o f b o d y w e i g h t ( H a n s a r d e t a l . , ! 9 5 3 ) .

E q u i l i b r i u m b e t w e e n b l o o d a n d t is s u e a p p e a r e d t o h a v e b e e n r e a c h e d

a f t e r a b o u t 1 0 h o u r s, w i t h a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 p e r c e n t o f t h e a d m i n i s t e r e d

d o s e p r e s e n t i n t h e bl o od . E b a u g h a n d R o s s ( 1 9 5 2 ) r e p o r t e d t h a t 11p e r c e n t o f t h e z i n c 65 d o s e r e m a i n e d i n t h e p l a s m a o f m a n a t 3 0 m i n u t e s

a f t e r i n t r a v e n o u s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n .

S i n c e z i n c i s k n o w n t o b e a c o n s t i t u e n t o f th e e n z y m e c a r b o n i c

a n h y d r a s e , f o u n d i n r e d b l o o d c e l l s , a n a t t e m p t w a s m a d e t o f o l l o w t h e

i n v i v o u p t a k e o f r a d i o a c t i v e z i n c b y t h e r e d c e l l s . P a c k e d c e l l v o l u m e

w a s d e t e r m i n e d b y c e n t r if u g i n g t h e b l o o d s a m p l e s , a n d b l o o d c ell

z in c G~ a c t i v i t y c a l c u l a te d b y s u b t r a c t i n g f r o m t h e c o u n t s p e r m i n u t e

i n a g i v e n v o l u m e o f w h o l e b l o o d t h e c o u n t s f o u n d i n t h e v o l u m e o f

p l a s m a p r e s e n t i n t h is v o l u m e o f b l o o d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e c e l l - p la s m a

r a t i o f o r t h e s a m p l e . F i g u r e 1 s h o w s th e r a t e o f d i s a p p e a r a n c e a n d t h e

p a r t i t i o n o f z in c 6~ b e t w e e n b o v i n e p l a s m a a n d c e ll s a s a f u n c t i o n o f

t i m e f o lI o w i n g i n t r a v e n o u s i s o t o p e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . Z i n c 65 v a l u e s a r e

e x p r e s s e d a s c o u n t s p e r m i n u t e i n t h e p l a s m a a n d c e l l f r a c t i o n s m a k i n g





















































7 8 4 F E A S T E R ,HANSARD, ~[cCA LL, SKIPPER~ AND DAVIS

u p 1 0 0 m l . o f w h o l e b lo o d . T h e v a l u e s a t 3 a n d 1 0 m i n u t e s r e p r e s e n t

a v e r a g e s o f t h o s e o b t a i n e d w i t h b lo o d f r o m b o t h s t e e r s ; t h e r e m a i n i n g

p o i n t s a r e b a s e d o n si n g le v a lu e s f o r in d i v i d u a l s a m p l e s d r a w n a l t e r -

n a t e l y f r o m t h e t w o a n im a l s .

9 8 -9 6 -

~ , 5 4 [o _ 5 2

2 8 ]

~ 20

o0

12-

4

Iq -

9 , 9 P L A S M A0 C E L L S

0" - - - - - - 1 i

212 2 '6 5C)

H O U R S A F T E R D O S I N G

Fi g u re 1. Th e d i s ap p e a ran ce o f z i n c6 5 f ro m p l a s m a an d r ed ce l ls o fb o v i n e blo od following intravenous administration. (Co unt s per min ut e per

100 ml. whole blood equivalent.)

I n t h e s a m p l e s d r a w n 3 m i n u t e s a f t e r i so t o p e a d m i n i s tr a t i o n , 2 2 p e r -

c e n t o f t h e r a d i o a c t i v e z i n c i n t h e b l o o d w a s f o u n d i n t h e c e l l f r a c t i o n

a n d 7 8 p e r c e n t i n t h e p l a s m a . A s t e a d y i n c r e a s e i n t h e c e l l - t o - p l a s m a

z i n c ~5 r a t i o w a s n o t e d d u r i n g t h e n e x t s e v e r a l h o u r s , e q u i l i b r i u m b e t w e e n

t h e t w o f r a c t i o n s b e i n g r e a c h e d a b o u t 6 h o u r s a f t e r d o s a g e . T h e r e a f t e r ,

w i t h p l a s m a z in c ~ a c t i v i t y s h o w i n g a s l i g h tl y m o r e r a p i d d e c r e a s e t h a n

t h a t o f th e c e ll s, c e ll u l a r a c t i v i t y p r e d o m i n a t e d . T h e s e f in d i n g s i n d i c a t e

t h a t t h e r e d c e l l w a l l i s p e r m e a b l e t o t h e z i n c c a t i o n , a c o n c e p t i n

k e e p i n g w i t h t h e e s s e n t i a l n a t u r e o f t h i s e l e m e n t w i t h r e s p e c t to t h e r e d

b l o o d c e l l e n z y m e c a r b o n i c a n h y d r a s e .K e i l in a n d M a n n ( 1 9 3 9 ) f o u n d t h e z in c c o n t e n t o f c a r b o n i c

a n h y d r a s e p r e p a r e d f r o m b e e f c o r p us c le s t o b e d i r e c t l y p r o p o r t i o n a l

t o t h e e n z y m e a c t i v i ty , a n d w e r e o f t h e o p i n i o n t h a t a l l th e z i n c p r e s e n t

i n t h e e r y t h r o c y t e s w a s c o m b i n e d w i t h c a r b o n i c a n h y d r a s e ; t h e y c o n -

c l u d e d t h a t t h i s e n z y m e i s a z in c - p r o t e in c o m p l e x . T u p p e r , W a t t s a n d























































W o r m a l ( 1 9 5 2 ) c o r r o b o r a t e d t h e f a c t t h a t z i n c in c a r b o n i c a n h y d r a s e

is f i r m l y b o u n d t o th e p r o t e i n , n o t i n g t h a t , in vitro a t l ea s t , l i t t l e i f

a n y o f t h e z i n c G5 u s e d i n l a b e l i n g r e d c e il s b e c a m e f i r m l y a t t a c h e d t o

t h e c a r b o n i c a n h y d r a s e . B e r f e n s t a m ( 1 9 5 2 ) o b s e r v e d t h a t i n t r a v e n o u s

i n j e c t io n s o f z i n c r a i s e d t h e z i n c c o n t e n t o f th e e r y t h r o c y t e s w i t h o u t

a c o n c o m i t a n t i n c r e a s e i n c a r b o n i c a n h y d r a s e a c t i v i t y . W h e t h e r o r n o t

i n t h e p r e s e n t s t u d y t h e z i n c 6~, w h i c h a p p a r e n t l y c r o s s e d t h e r e d c e ll

m e m b r a n e , a c t u a l l y e x c h a n g e d w i th t h e z i n c i on s a l r e a d y a t t a c h e d t o

t h e c a r b o n i c a n h y d r a s e i s p r o b l e m a t i c a l .

Tissue Distribution o] Zinc 65

E x c r e t i o n d a t a p r e v i o u s l y p r e s e n t e d i n d i c a te t h a t r e t e n t i o n o f z in c 6 ~

a v e r a g e d 3 0 a n d 7 9 p e r c e n t f o r o r a l a n d i n t r a v e n o u s a d m i n i s tr a t i o n ,

r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h i s w a s r e f l e c te d i n t h e z i n c 65 c o n t e n t o f t h e t i s su e i n

t h a t t h e i n tr a v e n o u s v a l u e s w e r e f r o m t w o t o t h r e e t im e s t h e c o r r e s p o n d -

i n g o r a l v a l u e s . A s d i s c u s s e d e a r l i e r , t h e d i e t a r y z i n c l e v e l d i d n o t a p p e a r

t o i n f l u e n c e t h e b e h a v i o r o f r a d i o z i n c . T h e r e f o r e , i n o r d e r t o e l i m i n a t e

e f f e c ts d u e t o d i ff e r en c e s i n m e t h o d s o f a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , a b s o r p t i o n f r o mt h e t r a c t o r b o d y w e i g h t, a l l t i s s u e d i s t r i b u t i o n v a l u e s f o r z i n c 6~ h a v e

b e e n c a l c u l a t e d o n t h e b a s i s o f p e r c e n t a g e o f retained zinc 65 dose , an d

c o r r e c t e d t o a s t a n d a r d b o d y w e i g h t of 5 00 p o u n d s . T h u s t h e v a lu e s

t a b u l a t e d i n t h e s e c o n d c o l u m n o f t a b l e 1 f o r i n d i v i d u a l t i s s u e s r e f l e c t

t h e h a n d l i n g b y t h e b o d y o f t h a t r a d i o z i n c m a d e a v a i l a b l e t o i t .

S i n c e t h e r e w a s n o a p p a r e n t i n f l u e n c e o f d i e t a r y z i n c l e v e l s e i t h e r

u p o n t o t a l t i s s u e z i n c o r u p o n t h e b e h a v i o r o f t h e a d m i n i s t e r e d r a d i o -

z i n c, t h e s u m m a r y o f t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f z i n c 65 i n s e l e c t e d t i s s u e s 6 d a y s

a f t e r o r a l a n d i n t r a v e n o u s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n t o a l l s t e e r s i s p r e s e n t e d i n

t a b l e 1 . C o n c e n t r a t i o n v a l u e s f o r t o t a l z i n c a r e e x p r e s s e d a s r a g . o f z i n c

p e r k g . f r e s h w e i g h t , a n d t i s s u e s a r e a r r a n g e d i n d e c r e a s i n g o r d e r o f

c o n c e n t r a t i o n .

I t i s o f p a r t i c u l a r i n t e re s t t h a t t h e p i t u i t a r y c o n t a i n e d t h e h i g h e s t

l e v e l o f z i n c a n d v a l u e s f o r t h e i n c i s o rs r a n k e d a l o n g w i t h t h e s o f t t is s u e

v a l u e s . T h e b l o o d v a l u e o f 8 . 8 r a g . p e r k g . i s i n c l o s e a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e

f in d i n g s o f V a l l e e a n d G i b s o n ( 1 9 4 8 ) . S c o t t a n d F i s h e r ( 1 9 3 8 ) n o t e d

t h a t i n c a t s f e d e x c e s s z i n c a t a s l i g h t l y l o w e r l e v e l p e r k g . o f b o d yw e i g h t t h a n t h a t r e c e i v e d b y t h e s e s t e e r s , z i n c c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n t h e

p a n c r e a s a n d l iv e r w e r e 4 8 0 a n d 9 0 0 m i c r o g r a m s p e r g r a m , r e s p e c t i v e l y ,

a s c o m p a r e d w i t h 7 2 a n d 5 8 m i c r o g r a m s i n t h e c o n tr o ls . T h i s d i e t a r y

i n f l u e n c e w a s n o t n o t e d f o r r u m i n a n t s i n t h i s s t u d y w h e r e e x c e s s z i n c

w a s f e d f o r m o r e t h a n a y e a r .




















































786 FEASTER, MANSARD , M CC AL L, SKIPPE R, AND DAVIS

T h e a c c u m u l a t i o n o f r a d io z i n c , i n g e n e ra l , w a s h i g h e s t in t h e s o f t

t is s ue s . T h e p a n c r e a s , l iv e r , p i t u i t a r y , k i d n e y a n d a d r e n a l s s h o w e d t h e

h i g h e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f r e t a in e d d o s e . H o w e v e r , t h e t u r n o v e r r a t e a s

s h o w n b y s p ec if ic a c t i v i t y ( r a p i d i t y of u p t a k e a n d l o ss ) w a s h i g h e s t

i n th e l iv e r , a d r e n a l s a n d p a n c r e a s . I n d e c r e a s i n g o r d e r o f c o n c e n t r a -

t io n , t h e g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l t r a c t a n d c o n t e n t s , m u s c l e , s p l e e n , h i d e a n d

h a i r , b r a i n , t h y m u s , l u n g s , h e a r t a n d s p i n a l c o r d c o n t a i n e d f r o m .0 3

t o 0 .2 p e r c e n t o f th e a b s o r b e d d o s e p e r k g . o f f r e sh t i ss u e . T h e b i l e a n d

b o n e m a r r o w c o n t a i n e d n o r a d i o z i n c a f t e r 6 d a y s .

T A B L E 1. S U M M A R Y O F Z I N C 65 D I S T R I B U T I O N I N Y E A R L I N G C A T T L EA T 6 D A Y S A F T E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N

M g. Zinc Percentage of Zn 65per Kg. Dose Reta ine d per Specif ic

T is sue Fresh W eigh t K g . Fresh T i s sue Ac t iv i ty1

Pi tui ta ry 247 o . 98 4 .0Inciso rs 130 .17 1.3Pan creas 125 1.58 12.6K idn ey 121 .86 7.1A dren als 55 .75 13.6Rib Sterna l En d 45 .80 17.8Li ve r 33 1.20 36.3Rib Shaft 28 .15 5 .4M andib le Angle 25 .35 14.0W hole B lood 8 .8 .04 4 .5

1 Specific activ ity expressed as per cen t of retained zinc dose per m illigram zinc X 10a.

R a d i o z i n c a c c u m u l a t i o n i n b o n e s m o r e o r l es s p a r a l l e l e d t h e i r m e t a -

b o l i c a c t i v i t y , p r o b a b l y r e f l e c ti n g t h e b l o o d s u p p l y t o t h e p a r t i c u l a r

a r e a s . T r a b e c u l a r b o n e r e t a i n e d m o r e z i n c 65 t h a n c o r t i c a l b o n e a n d t h e

t u r n o v e r r a t e , a s s h o w n b y t h e s p e c if i c a c t i v i t y v a l u e s , w a s h i g h e r f o r

t h e s t e rn a l e n d o f t h e r i b t h a n f o r t h e r ib s h a f t ; t u r n o v e r r a t e w a s

h i g h e r fo r t h e m a n d i b l e th a n f o r t h e m e t a t a r s u s s h a f t a n d w a s l o w e s t

f o r t h e i n c i s o r t e e t h .

T h e p a n c r e a s a n d l i v e r s h o w e d t h e h i g h e s t c o n c e n t r a t io n s o f r a d i o -

z i n c in a ll 4 a n i m a l s . T h i s f in d i n g w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e p a n c r e a s b e a r s

o u t t h e c lo s e c h e m i c a l r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n i n s u l i n a n d z i n c. S h e l i n e

a n d c o - w o r k e r s ( 1 9 4 3 ) f o u n d t h a t t h e t i s s u es sh o w i n g t h e g r e a t e s tt u r n o v e r f o l lo w i n g i n t r a v e n o u s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f z in c 6 5 t o d o g s w e r e

t h e l i v e r , p a n c r e a s a n d k i d n e y . S l o w e s t t u r n o v e r o c c u r r e d i n r e d b l o o d

c e ll s, b r a i n , sk e l e t a l m u s c l e a n d s k in . H e a t h a n d L i q u i e r - M i l w a r d

( 1 9 5 0 ) o b s e r v e d t h a t z i nc 65 w a s p r e s e n t i n r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e a m o u n t s

i n th e p a n c r e a s a s w e l l as t h e l i v e r, sp l e e n a n d k i d n e y o f h u m a n s
























































following intramuscular injection of the isotope, and zinc65 was found

by Montgomery e t a l . (1943 ) to be eliminated in the pancreatic juice

of the dog. Lowry, Baldwin and Itarrington (1954) noted that in

alloxan-diabetic rats the uptake of zinc65 by the pancreas was consider-

ably lower than in normal rats.

Summary

Radiochemical procedures have been employed to study the move-

ment of zinc through the body of four yearling steers. Absorption and

tissue distribution in two steers maintained for more than a year on

i000 ppm. zinc were compared with control animals following oral and

intravenous administration of the radioisotope.

Concurrent chemical and radiozinc balance studies indicated that

most of the zinc was excreted in the feces and was not absorbed. Those

steers dosed orally with zinc 6~ excreted 72.2 and 65.8 percent in the

feces and 0.24 and 0.39 percent in the urine on the high-zinc and con-

trol rations, respectively. Following intravenous administration, 20.6

and 0.25 percent of the dose was excreted in the feces and urine,respectively, with no differences attributable to dietary zinc level noted.

The rate of disappearance of zinc 65 from the blood following intra-

venous administration resulted in the attainment of equilibrium

between blood and soft tissue in 10 hours. The partition between plasma

and cells presented as a function of time indicated that equilibrium

between the two fractions occurred at about 6 hours, after which activity

in the red cells predominated.

The accumulation of r e t a i n e d radiozinc was, in general, highest in

the soft tissue, the pancreas, liver, pituitary, kidney and adrenals having

highest concentration. Turnover rate was highest for the liver and lowest

for the incisor teeth.

The accumulation and turnover of zinc in the various bones paralleled

their m e t a b o l i c activity.

Literature Cited

Berfenstam, R. 1952. Studies on carbonic anhydrase activity in children. Actapaediat. 41 : 32.Bertrand, G. and R. C. Bhattacherjee. 1934. The combined action of zinc and

vitamins in the feeding of animals. Compt. Rend. Acad. 198:1823.Ebaugh, F. G. and J. F. Ross. 1952. Radioactive zinc metabolism in patients

with neoplastic diseases. Fed. Proc. 11:413.Gray, L. F. and G. H. Ellis. 1950. Some interrelationships of copper, molybdenum,

zinc, and lead in the nutrition of the rat. Jour. Nutr. 40:441.
























































788 F E A S TE R , H AN S A R D , M c C A L L , S K I P P E R , A ND D A V I S

H a n s a r d , S a m L . , C . L . C o m a r a n d M . P . P l u m l e e . 1 95 1. R a d i o i s o t o p e P r o c e d u r e s

w i t h f a r m a n i m a l s . I . N u c l e o n i c s 9 : 1 3 .H a n s a r d , S a m . L . , C . L . C o m a r a n d M . P . P l u m l e e . 1 95 1. R a d i o i s o t o p e l~ r o c e d u r es

w i t h f a r m a n i m a l s . I I N u c l e o n i c s 9 : 3 8 .H a n s a r d , S a m L . , W . O . B u t l e r , C . L . C o m a r a n d C . S. H o b b s . 1 95 3. B l o o d

vo lu m e of fa rm an im als . JOUP.NAL OF A17IiVIAL SCIENCE 12:4 02.

H e a t h , J . C . a n d J . L i q u i e r - M i l w a r d . 1 95 0. D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d f u n c t i o n o f z in c i n

n o r m a l a n d m a l i g n a n t t i ss u e s. I. U p t a k e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f r a d i o a c t i v e z i n c 6~.

B i o c h e m . B i o p h y s . A c t a 5 : 4 0 4 .

K e i l in , D . a n d T . M a n n . 1 93 9. C a r b o n i c a n b y d r a s e . N a t u r e 1 4 4 :4 4 2 .

L o w r y , J . R . , R . R . B a l d w i n , a n d R . V . H a r r i n g t o n . 1 95 4. U p t a k e o f r a d i o z i n cb y n o r m a l a n d d i a b e t i c r a t p a n c r e a s . S c i e n c e 1 1 9 : 2 1 9 .

M c C a n c e , R . A . a n d E . M . W i d d o w s o n . 1 9 4 2 . T h e a b s o r p t i o n a n d e x c r e t i o n o fz i n c . B i o c h e m . J o u r . 3 6 : 6 9 2 .

M e n z e l , R . G . a n d M . L . J a c k s o n . 1 95 1. D e t e r m i n a t i o n o f c o p p e r a n d z i n c ins o i l s o r p l a n t s . A n a l . C h e m. 2 3 :1 8 6 1 .

M o n t g o m e r y , M . L . , G . E . S h e l i n e a n d I . L . C h a i k o f f . 19 43 . E l i m i n a t i o n o f

a d m i n i s t e r e d z i n c i n p a n c r e a t i c j u i c e, d u o d e n a l j u i c e a n d b i l e o f t h e d o g a s

m e a s u r e d b y i t s r a d i o a c t i v e i s o to p e ( Z n 6 5 ) . J . E x p . M e d . 7 8 : 15 1 .S c o t t , D . A . a n d A . M . F i s h e r . 1 9 3 8 . T h e p a n c r e a s a n d l i v e r o f n o r m a l a n d z i n c -

f e d c a t s . A m . J o u r . P h y s i o l . 1 2 1 : 2 5 3 .

S h e l i n e , G . E . , I . L . C h a i k o f f , H . G . J o n e s , a n d M . L . M o n t g o m e r y . 1 9 4 3 . S t u d i e so n t h e m e t a b o l i s m o f z i n c w i t h t h e a i d o f i t s r a d i o a c t i v e i so t o p e . I . E x c r e t i o n

o f a d m i n i s t e r e d z i n c i n u r i n e a n d f e c e s. J o u r . B i o l . C h e m . 1 4 7 :4 0 9 .

S h e l i n e , G . E . , I . L . C h a i k o f f , H . B . J o n e s a n d M . L . M o n t g o m e r y . 1 9 4 3 . S t u d i e s

o n t h e m e t a b o l i s m o f z i n c w i t h t h e a i d o f i t s r a d i o a c t i v e i s o t o p e . I I . T h e

d i s t r i b u t i o n o f a d m i n i s t e r e d r a d i o a c t i v e z i n c i n t h e t i s s u e o f m i c e a n d d o g s .J o u r . B i o l. C h e m . 1 4 9 :1 3 9 .

S t i r n , F . E ., C . A . E l v e h j e m a n d E . B . H a r t . 1 93 5. T h e i n d i s p e n s a b i l i t y o f z i n c i nt h e n u t r i t i o n o f t h e r a t . J o u r . B i o l. C h e m . 1 0 9 : 3 4 7.

S u t to n , W . R . a n d V . E . N e l s o n . 1 9 3 7 . S tu d i e s o n z in c . P ro c . S o c . E x p . B io l . M e d .3 6 : 2 1 1 .

T o d d , W . R ., C . A . E l v e h j e m a n d E . B . H a r t . 1 93 4. Z i n c i n t h e n u t r i t i o n o f t h e

r a t . A m . J o u r . P h y s i o l . 1 0 7 : 1 4 6 .

T u p p e r , R . , R . W . E . W a t t s a n d A . W o r m a l . 1 95 2. S o m e e x p e r im e n t s o n t h e z i n c

i n c a r b o n i c a n h y d r a s e . B i o c h e m . J o u r . 5 0 : 4 2 9 .V a l le e , B . L . a n d J . G . G i b s o n . 1 94 8. T h e z i n c c o n t e n t o f n o r m a l h u m a n w h o l e

b l o o d , p l a s m a , l e u c o c y t e s a n d e r y t h r o c y t e s . J o u r . B i o l . C h e m . 1 7 6 : 4 4 6 .















































absoption and tissue distribution of radiozinc i steers fed high zinc rations

Documents