abstract chemistry

8/4/2019 ABSTRACT Chemistry

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ABSTRACT

“Conversion of Resedential/ Commercial/ Industrial Wastes

Found in Cavite Area into Useful Engineering Materials’’

Submitted by: Nathaniel M. Ganuelas

ECE 14



CONVERSION OF HEAT WASTE TO ELECTRICITY

Researchers from Northwestern University have placed two compounds together to produce a new

material that can harness electricity from heat-generating items. The researchers mixed nanocrystals of

rock salt with lead telluride to produce the new material. Lead telluride is a compound of the elements

lead and tellurium. In nature, it occurs as the mineral altaite. Commercially, lead telluride is used as a

narrow gap semiconductor. These type of semiconductors are often used as infrared detectors or

thermoelectrics. Lead telluride is frequently combined with tin to produce lead tin telluride, which is used

as an infrared detector material. Halite known commonly as rock salt is the mineral form of sodium

chloride. Evaporite deposit minerals such as halides, sulfates and borates commonly contain rock salt.

Enclosed lakes, playas, and seas are common places where rock salt can be found. Rock salt is commonlyused for both residential and municipal purposes for managing ice. Brine (a mixture of water and salt) has

a freezing point that is lower than pure water. Therefore, putting salt on water will cause it to melt. Rock

salt may also be used for making ice cream. The mixture does not actually contain rock salt, but rock salt

is instead used to melt the ice surrounding the can holding the ice cream. The new material formed has a

high thermoelectric value in comparison to other materials, so much so that it might be able to convert 14

percent of heat waste to electricity.



This is a scientific first. Material scientists along with chemists and physicists collaborated together in

developing the new material. Results of the study will be published in the journal Nature Chemistry.

The team began by dispersing nanocrystals of rock salt into the compound lead telluride. The

nanocrystals used, increased the scattering of electrons, which resulted in reduced overall conductivity.

This is the first example of the use of nanostructures in lead telluride to increase the energy conversion

efficiency of the material. Industries that will benefit from the new material include the chemical, glass,automotive, and any industry that uses heat to make products. The overall efficiency of items such as

vehicle exhaust systems, industrial equipment and other such related products will be greatly improved.

Environmentally, it also proves to be beneficial

This project can be also applied in Cavite that can convert heat waste to electricity so the consume of

electricity in our province will be less than the normal amount we pay. It can be also useful for many

industries in Cavite that uses heat.

PLASTIC WASTE INTO ENERGY

The vast majority of plastics are a derivative of oil, natural gas or plants. As such, they contain much of the same energy potential of these carbon fuel sources. Plastics can be burned to generate heat that can be

transferred into energy in a similar way as the carbon-based fuels would be used. Although heat alone can

be considered energy, most usable energy in society is in the form of electricity.

WASTE INTO BIODIESEL

There are several common ways in which we can turn waste into a source of energy. Waste cookingoil can be turned into biodiesel to run our vehicles on. Large amounts of methane produced bylandfills can be collected and harnessed to run factories. Ethanol can be produced from the wastedparts of plants after harvest. These are all relatively new technologies, and research is continuing to

progress to find out which are the most efficient sources of energy, as well as the cheapest to mass-produce.

Biodiesel fuel is a long-chain fatty acid that can be produced from cooking oil after it has been used.Many restaurants must pay to get rid of the waste oil they use, and will give it away to anyoneinterested in making biodiesel. The fuel is produced by blending the cooking oil with lye andmethanol or ethanol. This separates the glycerine molecules from the fatty acids in the vegetable fat,allowing it to be used as fuel. It can be used in any diesel engine, or an engine can be converted torun on straight cooking oil or biodiesel.

CONCLUSION

These waste materials can be converted into useful energy and material for engineering. If we convertthese materials like other countries do , it can lessen the pollution and it can prevent the total desctruction

of global warming not only in Cavite but also in our country. This abstract that was from other sources in

other country can also be applied here in our province because we have the same situation in terms of

conserving our nature and this can help us solve problems not only in our nature but also in our industry

and business here in Cavite.



REFERENCES:

- Engineering suite @ 101 – www.suite101.com

- (IMAGE) www.PESWIKI.com

- www.Ehow.com

- www. Shell.com

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