Enyi Patrick EnyiPh.D, FCA, RFC, FCPA, CFIP, MFP, MBA, FAAFM, FIIAPROFESSOR OF ACCOUNTING AND QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES Babcock Business School, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, OGUN 121103, Nigeria

Academic and Scholarly Profile

ORIGIN & EDUCATION

Enyi, Patrick Enyi was born 2nd February 1960 at Uburu in Eastern Nigeria

He had his early education at Wesley LSB School, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria

He concluded his GCE Ordinary and Advanced levels in Lagos, in 1980 and 1981 respectively.

He proceeded to study ACCA professional accountancy at London School of Accountancy in 1981 and returned to Nigeria in December 1983.

Obtained B.Sc degree in Accounting from Howard Hall University, Postgraduate Diploma (PGD) and MBA from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, and Ph.D from Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS

Fellow, Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (2001)

Member, International Association of Registered Financial Consultants (IARFC)

Fellow, Certified Institute of Public Administrators, (CIPA – UK)

Member, Institute of Public Accountants of Australia (IPA)

Fellow, American Academy of Financial Management (AAFM)

Member, International Institute of Certified Forensic Investigation Professionals (IICFIP)

Fellow, Institute of Industrial Administrators of Nigeria (IIAN)

Member, American Accounting Association (AAA)

Member, International Society for Development & Sustainability (ISDS – Japan)

INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE

Enyi started his practical accounting experience as A Senior Audit Assistant with the now defunct firm of Egunjobi, Sulaimon & Co. (Chartered Accountants), Kano, Nigeria 1984 and rose to become Resident Audit Manager, Onitsha for another firm of chartered accountants in 1987 doubling as the CEO of Elfinco Consulting.

He worked as an Accountant, Chief Accountant and Group Accountant for a group of companies engaged in trading, manufacturing and financial services in the eastern part of Nigeria between 1992 and the year 2000.

He developed Nigeria's first computer based accounting package in the year 1998 and followed it up with a micro banking software in 2002. In addition Enyi engages in the development of financial and mathematically based computer software as well as organizing training on programming and software development.

TEACHING CAREER

Enyi began his teaching career as a part-time accounting tutor in a secondary school in 1987 and stepped it up to part-time lecturing at the Onitsha outreach center of the University of Calabar in 1997.

He joined the faculty of Madonna University, Okija, Nigeria in September 2000 as a Lecturer I and rose to the rank of Senior Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in September 2003.

He left Madonna University in October 2005 and joined the faculty of Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki and served up to September 2007.

In October 2007, he was pulled to Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria where he served as the Head of the Accounting department until November 2010.

He was assessed and appointed a professor of accounting and quantitative techniques by Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo in May 2010 and he joined the faculty of the university in December 2010. He served as the Head of Department of Accounting between July 2012 and August 2014. He became the Vice Dean, Babcock Business School in September 2014.

SPECIALIZATION

Prof. Enyi's research interests cuts across the core decision and analytical areas in accounting and finance. They include but not limited to: Liquidity Management and Insolvency

Capital structure and theories

Decision Support analytics

Financial Modeling and Behavioral Analysis

Forensics

RESEARCHES UNDERTAKEN

Prof. Enyi has carried out researches on the following areas with groundbreaking findings: Causes of business failure - developed models for detection and prediction of insolvency and

business liquidation.

The effectiveness or otherwise of Ratios in measuring financial performance

Integrating joint products in break even analysis

Using a modified transportation model to improve business profitability

Using forensic accounting to analyze and detect variances in production outputs of manufacturing organizations.

The ineffectiveness of the simplex method of linear programming in the maximization of some aspects of scarce resources

RESEARCHES SUPERVISED

The following are some of the Ph.D and M.Sc research projects supervised by Prof. Enyi: How Human Assets Accounting affects Performance Reporting of firms (concluded 2013)

Appraisal of Resources Management in Nigeria Poverty Eradication Programme (concluded 2012)

How working capital management affects profitability in quoted food and beverages companies in Nigeria

The effect of intellectual capital on financial performance of quoted insurance firms in Nigeria (concluded 2014)

How human resource accounting affects managerial decisions of SDA institutions in Cameroon.

The impact of micro finance banks on poverty reduction in OGUN State Nigeria. (Concluded 2012)

Government budgeting and its impact on Education in the Republic of Burundi (concluded 2014)

Researches Supervised – continued

The effect of tax planning on corporate financial performance of selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria (concluded 2013)

Cost consequences of non-adherence to accounting ethics in Ghanaian universities (concluded 2014)

Tax policies and effect on the development of infrastructures in Ogun state, Nigeria (concluded 2012)

International Financial Reporting Standards and its effects on financial statement quality of banks in Nigeria (M.Sc Thesis concluded 2014)

The effect of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance of selected banks in Nigeria (concluded 2012)

Researches Supervised- continued

Application of Forensic Accounting In the Investigation and Detection of Corruption in Nigeria (concluded 2011)

Analysis of Tax Morale and Tax Compliance in Nigeria (concluded 2011)

Value relevance of accounting information in the Nigerian Stock Market (concluded 2011)

Corporate Environmental Reporting Practices in Nigerian and South African firms (concluded 2010)

Design and bases of Environmental Accounting in Oil & Gas and Manufacturing sectors in Nigeria (concluded 2009)

Accounting Disclosures and Corporate Attributes of Listed Companies in Nigeria (concluded 2009)

Researches Supervised-continued

Financial Strategy as Support Determinant for the Avoidance and Resolution of Distress In The Nigerian Banking Industry (concluded 2010)

Activity Based Costing and its effects on the Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Lagos and Ogun states, Nigeria (concluded 2012)

The above are mostly Ph.D research projects supervised by Prof. Enyi; about 5 others are currently under his mentor ship and supervision. There are more than 45 others mostly at the masters degree level as at December 2014

My thoughts on Accounting Research

Accounting research is an APPLIED rather than a BASIC research.

It deals with the area of Macro Economy concerned with:

Business strategy and performanceBusiness Profitability

Business Sustainability

Business Expandability

Financial Statements Analysis

Business strategy and economic developmentInvestment planning

Tax planning and administration

Corporate Social Responsibilities

Budgetary Analysis

Capital Market Analysis

Business Management and GovernanceAuditing and public perceptions

Forensic Accounting and Investigations

Resources and Projects Management

Management Efficiency and Effectiveness

• Accounting research permeates every sphere of economic life. However, the most common objects of accounting research are:• Governments – Federal, State, Local

• Tax policies and administration• Budgetary analysis – realization and application• Effectiveness of Public Fund Application

• Civil Societies and NGOs• Economic analysis of contributions by trade associations and

professional bodies• Contributions of the informal sector to economic development of a

country• Corporate Entities, Banks, Schools etc

• Performance analysis• Capital adequacy and structure• Corporate governance• Management Efficiency and Effectiveness• Market and Investment Analysis, etc

Accounting Research Focus: ENTITIES

Accounting Research Focus: TOPICS

• Accounting Research is mostly focused (but not limited) to the following topics/subjects:• Capital Adequacy and performance• Corporate performance and stock/share price movements• Capital leverage and Corporate Survival• Capital structure and corporate risk• Working Capital and Business Solvency• Tax planning and corporate performance• Audit Expectation Gap• Corporate Reporting and Accounting Standards (IFRS, GAAP etc)• Budgetary Allocation and Government Infrastructure• Tax Administration and Social Amenities• Tax Morale and Government Revenue• Fixed Assets Management and Firm Survival• Human Resource Accounting and Business Valuation• Human Resource Accounting and the Quality of Financial Statements, etc

o The variables commonly deployed in accounting research include:

o Interest rateo Tax rateo Volume and structure of capital (Debt and Equity)o Inflation rateo Performance statistics – EBIT, PAT, EPS, Dividend Rate,

PER, PR, ATR, CTR etco Tax Administration Statistics: Revenue projected,

collected, defaults and categorieso Government statistics: Budget allocations and budget

performance figure, CBN monetary policy rates, financial crimes data, etc

o Population statistics for humans, business units or assets

Accounting Research Focus: Variables

In accounting research we try to build models deduced from established mathematical relationships between intervening variables which are the subjects of a research project.

We use the model or the established mathematical relationships to: In accounting research we try to build models deduced from established

mathematical relationships between intervening variables which are the subjects of a research project.

We use the model or the established mathematical relationships to: Interpret existing relationships between variables and how the relationships

have behaved or changed over a time period; Predict the likely outcome of future events relating to the research variables

(usually with a linear regression equation); Control on going processes (using the model as a feedback/feed-forward tool);

and Plan for future activities (using the model as a projection tool). existing

relationships between variables and how the relationships have behaved or changed over a time period;

Predict the likely outcome of future events relating to the research variables (usually with a linear regression equation);

Control on going processes (using the model as a feedback/feed-forward tool); and

Plan for future activities (using the model as a projection tool).

Types of Relationship Sought

We try to establish different types of relationship in accounting research, however, the type to establish will, definitely, depend on the intentions of the researcher as well as the type of variables involved. The following gives an overview:

o Correlation: When it is necessary to determine how one variable influences the other variables in the research equation/relationship.

o Strength and Direction: When there is the need to know the extent of influence of one or more variables on the behaviour of other variables and the direction to which the relationship is pulled. Strength is measured by the R2 property of the equation while direction is measured by the sign preceding each variable.

Please note that these two tests are LINEAR in nature and they contain the analytical and predictive qualities that accountants and accounting researchers are looking for.

Other works by Prof. Enyi

New interpolation formula for Internal Rate of Return (IRR) = (lp – hq) / (l – h) l = NPV @ q; h = NPV @ p; q = lower discount rate; p = higher discount rate

New joint-products break-even analysis model

New solvency measurement model based on the earning capacity or potential performance of a firm. It can effectively measure the fiscal health of a firm more accurately than all existing models. It is called Relative Solvency Ratio (RSR) and it is measured thus: RSR = [r(r – p) / 104py]

r = turnover; p = profit before tax; y = available working capital

A simplified research data analysis software – called Calculux; and many others.