academic integrity

Learning Development

6 August, 2014

ACADEMIC

INTEGRITY

August 6, 2014

NBS Using & Referencing Evidence in your Writing | www.newcastle.edu.au

2 Overview:

• Academic integrity

• How to use evidence in writing (and why)

• How to use Turnitin

• How to avoid plagiarism

August 6, 2014


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“Plagiarism is the presentation of

the thoughts or works of another

as one's own”

So why not avoid the problem

by simply ignoring

the thoughts or works of others?

August 6, 2014


4 Why do we use evidence?

• Construct informed

argument

• Reasoned thought based

on “Rational inquiry”

(graduate attribute)

• Knowledge as social

construction

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5 What constitutes evidence?

• “other people’s thoughts”

– Arguments

– Theories

• “other people’s work”

– Empirical research findings

– Data: facts and figures

• ALL IN AN ACADEMIC CONTEXT

Faculty of Business & Law: Summarising and Paraphrasing | www.newcastle.edu.au

6 When to use… quotes?

Rare – only with good reason

Exact wording: [change], leave… out, mistake [sic]

Inverted commas, page number in reference

Separate block if more than 40 words.

Use databases to find articles

• Search for material by keyword and subject

• Databases – the best, most direct and time-

efficient method, ensures the most thorough

coverage by simultaneously searching many

journals for articles on your topic

• Databases are scholarly tools – many articles are

“peer reviewed” – a guarantee of quality

• Provide text on screen, or citation to follow up

• Export your “finds” to EndNote

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8 How to paraphrase well…

• Make brief, essential notes in dot-point or

diagram form, using your own words

• Write the assignment from your notes, not

from the original text


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Paraphrase 1 – Words

The global economic downturn is depressing

revenues, thus threatening a key source of

employment and foreign exchange.

The global recession is reducing income,

damaging an essential source of jobs and

investment.


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Paraphrase 2 – Syntax




A key source of employment and foreign

exchange is being threatened as revenue is

depressed by the global economic downturn.


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Paraphrase 3 – Concept




Jobs and investment are being harmed by the

global recession’s impact on national income.


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Paraphrase 4 – Relation




The loss of jobs and investment during the

global recession is felt most strongly in the

export industries of developing countries, but

this impact has varied between regions.

August 6, 2014

Faculty of Business & Law: Referencing | www.newcastle.edu.au

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August 6, 2014


14 Turnitin

• For all written assignments you are required to submit

to the University, you should have the opportunity to

use Turnitin.

• Turnitin is a software intended to assist you and the

lecturer in assignment writing and assessment.

• Submission through Turnitin is mandatory for most

subjects.

• Turnitin is accessed through Blackboard (UoNline)

August 6, 2014


15 Turnitin can assist you to

write and revise your assignment

• You will receive a report outlining the sentences and phrases that are the same or similar as other authors’ works

• Submit prior to the due date

– submit a draft as it is written

– set yourself a ‘Turnitin’ deadline a week before the submission date

August 6, 2014


16 Turnitin finds matching text

• You need to interpret the report of matching text – there is no ‘correct’ percentage

– green is not always ‘good’, red not always ‘bad’

• Text similarity may be due to: – paraphrasing that still resembles the original text

– mistakes in referencing

– common terminology in the discipline

• Exclude your reference list and quotes from the text match – this makes it easier to detect problem sentences or phrases in the

body of your work

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WARNING

RESUBMISSION TO TURNITIN

• Turnitin will generate the second originality report 24

hours after your first submission.

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Types of evidence

Reputable news and analysis

Prospectuses and newsletters

Journal articles

Books

(Recognised) websites

Media releases

How can you use each one

to strengthen your work?

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You’ve all heard the warnings.

What is ? PLAGIARISM

Plagiarism is the presentation of the thoughts or works of

another as one's own… It may include

copying or paraphrasing material from any source without due

acknowledgment

using another person's ideas without due acknowledgment

working with others… and presenting the resulting work as

though it was completed independently

Student Academic Integrity Policy: UoN Policy 000608

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The firm attempted to

motivate its employees

with a more democratic

decision-making

structure.

You want to use this passage

in your work. Which of the

following is plagiarism?

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The firm attempted to motivate its

employees with a more democratic

decision-making structure.

YES. This is plagiarism. If you repeat someone’s

words, you must show that it is a direct quote and

include a reference to the original work.

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YES. This is plagiarism. Although the words have

been changed, the expression is still identifiable as

the original. Understanding has not been shown.

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YES. This is plagiarism. This time the syntax has

been changed, but the expression is still identifiable

as the original. Understanding has not been shown.

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NO. This is not plagiarism. By changing the words

and syntax to express the same idea, the student

has demonstrated understanding. The reference

makes it clear that the idea is not the student’s own.

Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words

The original passage:

• Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and

as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper.

Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear

as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit

the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking

notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed.

(1976): 46-47.

A legitimate paraphrase:

• In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to

keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the

problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to

minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu August 6, 2014


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http://owl.english.purdue.edu/








(1976): 46-47.

An acceptable summary:

• Students should take just a few notes in direct

quotation from sources to help minimize the amount

of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47).



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(1976): 46-47.

A plagiarized version:

• Students often use too many direct quotations when

they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the

final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10%

of the final copy should consist of directly quoted

material. So it is important to limit the amount of

source material copied while taking notes.



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Paraphrasing Exercise

• Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths

are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age

children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can

reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a

bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head. From

"Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers," Consumer Reports (May

1990): 348.

• The use of a helmet is the key to reducing bicycling fatalities,

which are due to head injuries 75% of the time. By cushioning

the head upon impact, a helmet can reduce accidental injury by

as much as 85%, saving the lives of hundreds of victims

annually, half of whom are school children ("Bike Helmets" 348).

Copyright ©1995-2011 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University


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http://owl.english.purdue.edu/writinglab/

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/

http://www.purdue.edu/

While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in

skyscraper engineering so far, it's unlikely that architects and

engineers have abandoned the quest for the world's tallest

building. The question is: Just how high can a building go?

Structural engineer William LeMessurier has designed a

skyscraper nearly one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears

Tower. And architect Robert Sobel claims that existing

technology could produce a 500-story building. From Ron

Bachman, "Reaching for the Sky." Dial (May 1990): 15.

• How much higher skyscrapers of the future will rise than the

present world marvel, the Sears Tower, is unknown. However,

the design of one twice as tall is already on the boards, and an

architect, Robert Sobel, thinks we currently have sufficient know-

how to build a skyscraper with over 500 stories (Bachman 15).

Copyright ©1995-2011 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University

August 6, 2014


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http://owl.english.purdue.edu/writinglab/

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/

http://www.purdue.edu/

Best way to observe Academic Integrity?

• Start practising

• Get assistance

early

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REMINDER!! • Complete the Academic Integrity Module

• You'll receive an email advising that you need to complete the module.

• The module is a 30 minute online test completed in UoNline.

• You need to gain a score of 100 per cent to pass, and you can repeat the module

as many times as you need to achieve this mark. Once you have successfully

completed the module, this will be automatically recorded against your details in

myHub.

• If you don't complete the module within the timeframe, you'll be unable to re-enrol

in courses, view exam results, grades and transcripts, or graduate.

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academic integrity

Education

referencing evidence

turnitin turnitin

faculty of business

assignment writing

global economic downturn

turnitin deadline

key source of employment

foreign exchange