ACADs (08-006) Covered

KeywordsDirect radiation levels, gross beta activity, Cs-137, primary pathways, critical pathways, operating report, dose patterns, weather patterns, population distribution, land use.

Description

Supporting MaterialRadiological Environmental Monitoring Program Instructor Handout

1.1.8.3.2 1.2.1.9 3.1.1.7 3.1.1.14 3.2.4.1 3.2.4.4 3.3.10.8 3.3.15.1

3.3.15.2 3.3.15.5 4.2.7.26

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 2 of 52

TP-2TVAN Technical Training

Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program

Enabling Objectives

• Objectives of REMP• REMP Requirements Document• Two Primary Pathways• Parameters of Critical Pathway Analysis• Importance of Preoperational Monitoring• Direct Radiation Measurements• Local, Perimeter, & Remote Stations

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 3 of 52

TP-3TVAN Technical Training

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Enabling Objectives

• Categories of Food Products• Water Sampling Technique• Categories of Fish• Quality Control Samples• Purpose of Land Use Survey• Predominant Fission/Activation Product• Results Report

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 4 of 52

TP-4TVAN Technical Training

Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program

REMP Objectives

• Determine Plant Effects on People• Determine Trends of Radioactivity in the

Environment• Provide Assurance to the Public• Meet Regulatory Requirements• Provide for Monitoring during Emergencies

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 5 of 52

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REMP Bases

• 10 CFR 50, Appendix A, General Design Criterion 64 - Monitor Plant Environs for Radioactivity.

• 10 CFR 50, Appendix I, Appropriate Monitoring to Evaluate Doses.

• NRC Generic Letter 89-01 – Programmatic Controls in Tech Specs & ODCM

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 6 of 52

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REMP Descriptions

• FSAR – General Monitoring Program• Plant Technical Specifications – Administrative

Controls.• Plant Offsite Dose Calculation Manual

(ODCM) – Specific Requirements for the Monitoring Programs

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 7 of 52

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Critical Pathways

• Airborne Pathways

• Waterborne Pathways

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 8 of 52

TP-8TVAN Technical Training

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Airborne Pathways

• Direct (Air)1. Direct Radiation2. Inhalation

• Indirect (Ground or Terrestrial)1. Materials Deposited on Ground2. Materials Deposited on Plants and Ingested.

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 9 of 52

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Waterborne Pathway

• Ingestion of Water

• Ingestion of Fish or other Aquatic Animals or Plants

• Direct Exposure at the Shoreline

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 10 of 52

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Pathways for Exposure

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Parameters for aCritical Pathway Analysis

• Dose Projections

• Weather Patterns

• Population Distribution

• Land Use

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 12 of 52

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Air-Related PathwaysDose Conc. LLDmRem/yr

1. Air pCi/m3 pCi/m3 I-131 0.05 0.0024 0.0100Noble Gas 0.43

2. Milk pCi/L pCi/LI-131 0.09 0.05 0.50

3. Vegetables pCi/Kg pCi/KgI-131 0.62 0.21 1-8Sr-90 1.00 0.11 8Sr-89 0.70 1.00 40

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 13 of 52

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RankingAir-Related Pathways

Based on Calculated Annual Dose (mRem/yr)

Sr Iodine Noble Gases

1. Vegetation(1.7) Milk (>1)(1.0 Sr-90) (Conservative(0.7 Sr-89) Assumptions)

2. Vegetation (0.62) Direct (0.43)3. Inhalation (0.05)

Milk (0.09) (Actual Location)

4.

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 14 of 52

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Dose Distribution – SQN% of Total Monitors

Rank Dose Sector 1-10 Miles >10 Miles 1 19.1 SSW LM, PM 2 15.4 NNE LM, PM RM 3 13.9 NE LM 4 9.0 N LM, PM 5 9.0 SW PM RM 6 6.6 S 7 5.0 SSE 8 4.7 ENE 9 3.4 SE 10 3.0 NNW 11 2.5 WSW PM 12 2.3 E 13 2.2 ESE RM 14 1.5 W PM 15 1.4 NW 16 0.9 WNW RM

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 15 of 52

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Dose DistributionTimes Population - SQN

% of TotalRank Dose Sector Monitors, 1-10 Miles 1 19 SSW LM, PM 2 15 WSW PM 3 12 SW PM 4 9 NW 5 9 W PM 6 6 WNW 7 5 S 8 3 NNW 9 3 SSE 10 2 N LM 11 2 NNE LM 12 2 SE 13 1 ESE 14 1 NE LM 15 1 ENE 16 1 E

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 16 of 52

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Water-Related Pathways

Annual DosemRem/yr Concentration LLD

1. Water pCi/L pCi/LMF&AP 0.0023 0.0920 5-10I-131 0.0051 0.0036 1-8H-3 0.0001 2.0000 330Sr-90 0.0022 0.0004 2

2. Fish pCi/g pCi/gMF&AP 0.3800 2.0000 0.01-0.10I-131 0.0210 0.0020 0.02Sr-90 0.0055 0.0001 0.10

MF&AP = Mixed Fission & Activated Products

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 17 of 52

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RankingWater-Related Pathways

Based on Calculated Annual Dose (mRem/yr)

Iodine Sr MF&AP1. 2. Fish

(0.38)3. Fish

Ingestion (0.021)4. Water Water Water

Ingestion (0.0051) Ingestion (0.0022) Ingestion

Fish (0.0055) (0.0023)

MF&AP = Mixed Fission & Activated Products

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 18 of 52

TP-18TVAN Technical Training

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PreoperationalMonitoring Program

• Establish Background Radiation Levels

• Identify Fluctuations in Background Data

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Background Fluctuations

• Seasonal

• Annual

• Random

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Gross Beta in Air

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ThermoluminescentDosimeter

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Direct RadiationMonitoring

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Atmospheric MonitoringStations

• Local Monitors (LM) – On or Adjacent to the Site Boundary

• Perimeter Monitors (PM) – 3-10 Miles from the Site

• Remote Monitors (RM) – > 10 Miles from the Site

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 24 of 52

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Air Monitor Station

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 25 of 52

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Original Air Filter

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 26 of 52

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Air FlowMeasuring Equipment

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Present Air SampleCollector

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Air Filter Assembly

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 29 of 52

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Rainwater Collection Tray

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 30 of 52

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One Type ofSoil Sampler

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 31 of 52

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Typical Food Products - 1

• Fresh Leafy Vegetables1. Lettuce2. Cabbage3. Greens

• Other Vegetables1. Tomatoes2. Green Beans3. Corn

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 32 of 52

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Typical Food Products - 2

• Tubers1. Potatoes2. Turnips

• Fruits1. Apples2. Peaches

• Meat/Poultry1. Beef2. Chicken

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 33 of 52

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Water Sampling Station

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Fish Samples

• Commercial Species1. Catfish2. Smallmouth Buffalo

• Game Species1. Bass2. Crappie

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 35 of 52

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Electrofishing

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Sample Analyses

• Gross Beta – Low Background Counter• I-131 Specific – Chemical Separation & Beta-

Gamma Coincidence Counting• Sr-89,90 – Chemical Separation/Beta Ct.• Tritium – Liquid Scintillation Counting

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Liquid ScintillationCounting

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Sample Analyses

• Gross Beta – Low Background Counter• I-131 Specific – Chemical Separation & Beta-Gamma

Coincidence Counting• Sr-89,90 – Chemical Separation/Beta Ct.• Tritium – Liquid Scintillation Counting• Gamma – Gamma Spectroscopy

1. Marinelli Beaker2. “Cottage Cheese” Type Container, Various

• Charcoal Cartridge – High Resolution Gamma

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 39 of 52

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Marinelli Beakers

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Counting Solid Samples

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 41 of 52

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Quality Control Program

• Equipment Checks• Laboratory Cross Check Program with Outside

Laboratory• Split Samples with AL, TN, & EPA• Quality Control Samples• Supervisors Review Trends/Problems

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 42 of 52

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Quality Control Samples

• Blank Samples• Duplicate Samples• Split Samples• Analytical Knowns• Blind Spikes• Internal Cross-Checks

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 43 of 52

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Land Use Survey

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 44 of 52

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Direct Radiation LevelsSequoyah Nuclear Plant

Four Quarter Moving Average

10

15

20

25

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Calendar Year

Ave

rag

e E

xpo

sure

/ m

R /

Qtr

On-Site

Off-Site

Initial SQNP operation in July, 1980

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 47 of 52

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HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 48 of 52

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Cs-137 in Soil

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 49 of 52

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HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 50 of 52

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Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report

• Site/Plant Descriptions• Monitoring Program Description• Assessment/Evaluation of Plant Impacts• Monitoring Program Modifications• Missed Samples/Analyses

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 51 of 52

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Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report

• Analytical Procedures• Nominal Lower Limits of Detection (LLD)• Quality Assurance/Quality Control Program• Land Use Survey Results• Data Tables

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 52 of 52

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Summary - Analysis

• Critical Pathway Analysis Includes Dose Projections

Based on:

1. Dose Projections

2. Weather Patterns

3. Population Distribution

4. Land Use

HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 53 of 52

TP-53TVAN Technical Training

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Summary - REMP

• REMP Sampling1. Direct Radiation2. Atmospheric Media3. Terrestrial Media4. Waterborne Media

• Quality Assurance/Quality Control• Land Use Survey• Annual Report to NRC