accelerating sustainable poverty reduction through community empowerment 1 deputy minister for...
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ACCELERATING SUSTAINABLE POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH
COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT
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Deputy Minister for Poverty, Labor and SMEsMinistry of National Development Planning/National Development
Planning Agency (Bappenas)
Jakarta, May 25, 2010
I. Poverty reduction in the national development framework
II. Poverty Situation in Indonesia
III. National Program for Community Empowerment (PNPM Mandiri)
IV. PNPM Monitoring
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Outline
Poverty Reduction in Indonesia’s National Development
LTNDP
MDGs & Other InternationalConventions
ImplementationOf PovertyReductionPrograms
MTNDP
StrategicPlan
Sectors’ program
National Development Agenda 2004-2009
1. Realizing a safe & Peaceful Indonesia
2. Realizing a Just & Democratic Indonesia
3. Enhancing the Prosperity of the People:a.Reducing the number of poor and open
unemploymentb.Improving the quality of human resourcesc. Improving the quality of environment and
natural resources managementd.Increasing the infrastructure
Regional’s Program
National Budget
Regional Budget
Annual Work PlanPoverty Reduction as the priority
of national development
NationalPoverty
Reduction Strategy
MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT GOAL
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Economic growth 5.7% 5.5 % 6.3% 6.1% 4.5%Unemployment 11.24% 10.28% 9.11% 8.39% 7.87%Poverty rate 15.97% 17.75 % 15.42% 15.42% 14.15%
PROJECTION 2010 PROJECTION 2014 Economic growth 5.5% -5.6% 7.0%-7.7%Unemployment 7.6% 5%-6%Poverty rate 12.0%-13.5% 8%-10%
Source: Medium Term Development Goal (RPJM) 2004-2009 and 2010-2014 4
SOCIAL AND ECONOMICWELFARE
PEACE AND SAFETY
JUSTICE AND DEMOCRACY
Economic Development and People’s
Welfare
Governance Reform Democracy
Law Supremacy
and combating Corruption
Inclusive Growth and
Justice
3 AGENDA IN 2004-2009
5 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA IN THE RPJM 2009-2014
TRIPLE-TRACK DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Pro-Growth : Strategy to increase and accelerate economic growth through promoting investment, exports, and businesses including the improvement of investment climate.
Pro-Job : Strategy to create employment opportunities including the the establishment of a flexible labor market and creating a conducive industrial relations.
Pro-Poor : Strategy to reduce poverty and to revitalize agriculture sector, forestry, maritime, rural economy. In the medium and long-term period the poverty alleviation strategy is also aimed at increasing the capacity and quality of the community level contributed to local development, and to provide access for the poor in basic services including education, health, sanitation/clean water, as well as rural infrastructure.
Economic Growthand Stability
EmploymentCreation
Poverty Reduction
People’sWelfare
Basic Needs Improvement
Programs
Social Protection
System
HarmonizationCommunity
EmpowermentPrograms
PNPM:•Small-scale infrastructure
•Economic productivity•Environmentimprovement
•Human resources improvement
•Fiscal-Monetary Policies
•Infrastructure Acceleration
Package•Investment
Climate Package•Energy policy•SMEs Package
•Etc.
Price Stabilization(rice, education,
health, basicinfrastructure)
•CCT & •other social programs
Labor-related Programs
Framework fro Welfare Improvement
3 CLUSTERS OF THE POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS
POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS
Cluster 1
Program on Social Welfare and Social
Security
Cluster 2
Community Empowerment
Programs
Cluster 3
SMEs Programs
Target:very poor, poor
and near poor HH
Target: Poor Communities
Target:SMEs
SE L F R E L I A N C E
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II. Poverty Situation in Indonesia
Tingkat Kemiskinan di Indonesia: 1976-2009
Sources: Central Statistics Agency
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Notes: Methodology improvement in 1996.
Poverty Poverty Trend Trend in in Indonesia: 1976-2009Indonesia: 1976-2009
Inequal distribution of poor people across regions
57.1% poor lives in Java-Bali
21% poor lives in Sumatera21.9% poor are spreaded in
the rest of the country
Sources: Susenas 2009, CSA
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III. National Program for Community Empowerment
(PNPM Mandiri)
A national program to reduce poverty through community empowerment with the objective of increasing community capacity & self-help group to achieve better standard of living & welfare poverty reduction is more sustainable
1. PNPM Mandiri
2. Why is PNPM?Harmonize empowerment activities
implemented by various ministries to reduce inefficiency & overlapped activities, mechanisms,
and community’s institutions.Better targeting the poor
at sub districts and villages.
PNPM Components:a.Community Empowerment Facilitator provision to increase community awareness and capacity to form
a self-help group & advisory body at the village. Output: formation of self-help group and elected advisory body.
b.Community grant• Provide community grant to the formed self-help group, to finance
identified activities, selected in the advisory body’s forum.• The grant is an open menu for: a) basic infrastructure (rural road &
irrigations, school/health post renovations, etc); b) economic activities, etc.
c. Local government and stakeholder capacity building• A set of activities for strengthening local government & stakeholder
capacity to create a positive, conducive, & synergetic environment for the community, in particular for the poor.
d.Program Management: MIS, Monitoring & Evaluation, operational supports
8. Beneficiaries
3. PovertyReflections
2. Community Meetings
1. Socialisation in the communities
6. Planning
5. Community Organizating
7. Implementation
4. Social Mapping
How does the empowerment process work?
MARKET LINKAGES•Microfinance•Smallholder development
•Information technology•Renewable energy
•Non-bank (micro-credit institutions)
SOCIAL PROTECTION•Women’s participation
•Justice for the Poor•Helping Marginal
Groups•Budget transparency
•Community trust funds•Sustainability
RESPONSIVE GOVERNMENT/EMPOWERED COMMUNITIES
•Strengthening bottom-up planning and budgeting;•Improving local government representation and responsiveness (sub-districts, village heads, village
legislative bodies, etc)•Improving social service delivery to the poor.
•Pro-poor planning and budgeting
Block grant tansfer to the poor
communities
1.Harmonize PNPM-core programs by:
•Formulate a General guidelines & manuals•Monitoring-evaluation, MIS, Complain handling•Technical ops. Manuals of each core program•Focus location of PNPM core to poor kecamatan and desa to provide platform for PNPM-Support later on.
2.Increase coordination by establishing PNPM National Oversight Body & PNPM Coordination Team at provincial and district level.
3.Identify and integrate PNPM-support from sectoral programs onto PNPM-Core.
4.Improve facilitators quality (training) & mobilization
1.Harmonize PNPM-core programs by:
•Formulate a General guidelines & manuals•Monitoring-evaluation, MIS, Complain handling•Technical ops. Manuals of each core program•Focus location of PNPM core to poor kecamatan and desa to provide platform for PNPM-Support later on.
2.Increase coordination by establishing PNPM National Oversight Body & PNPM Coordination Team at provincial and district level.
3.Identify and integrate PNPM-support from sectoral programs onto PNPM-Core.
4.Improve facilitators quality (training) & mobilization
• Sinchronize community participatory planning process into the regular/local government development plan.
• Improve integration and synergy between PNPM-Core and Support
• Integrated MIS for better monitoring and evaluation
• Increase Local Government Ownership for a decentralized program.
• Sinchronize community participatory planning process into the regular/local government development plan.
• Improve integration and synergy between PNPM-Core and Support
• Integrated MIS for better monitoring and evaluation
• Increase Local Government Ownership for a decentralized program.
Harmonization Stages
2009 - 20152007-2008 (Transition)
No. Employed staff Persons/years
1. National Level 61
2. Province Level 220
3. District Level 686
4. Sub-District Level- Sub-District Facilitator- UPK Management Staff (from the community)
9,57013,113
5. Village Level: Village Facilitator 11,998
Total of employed staff 35,648
Employment at the community level (work-days)** 741,868
Impact of PNPM on employment (2009)
** 2009 is not a full year data yet. In 2007 total employment generated at the community level was: 9,97 mill work-days; In 2008: 16,8 million work-days.
Impact on increases per capita consumption among poor householdsHouseholds in the first quintile of predicted per capita consumption saw approximately 10% greater gains in comparison with control areas between 2002 and 2007.
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
Consumption Per Capita
Kec Poverty Score
Predicted Consumption Per Capita
Consumption Per Capita
Kec Poverty Score
Predicted Consumption Per Capita
Fu
ll S
am
ple
Ho
us
eh
old
-Ma
tch
ed
S
am
ple
Impact on expands access to health care: Household heads in PNPM areas were 11% more likely to see expanded access to outpatient care.
Impact on Poverty Reduction Households in poor kecamatan are 9-12% more likely to move out of poverty than households in control areas.
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IV. PNPM Mandiri Monitoring system
(SIMPADU)
SIMPADU PNPM integrates data from 5 core programs within PNPM Mandiri.
Planning and realization data of PNPM activities
Provincial, district, and sub-district level
Time period from 2007 to 2010
Display demographic data from Podes 2006 (village data) and PPLS 2008 (poor HH data by name by address)
What is inside SIMPADU PNPM?
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Features for Public Users
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DASHBOARD
CREATE QUERIES
VIEW DATA
VIEW MAP
National – Province – District
Total of 3 years, or by year
By Program
Available for anyone with internet access
Create specific queries based on province, district, sub-district, type of activities, or time period
To view details of proposed and realized activities, together with the profile of particular sub-district
To create queries spatially
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Features for Internal UsersOnly accessible for the Management & Control Team, in order to conduct for
advanced analysis
Maximum, Minimum, Average, Variants, Deviation
Create Reports of Proposed Activities, Progress of Activities, Realization of Activities, and Community Participation
View Data Distribution Spatially
GRAPHICS
STATISTICS
REPORTS
THEMATIC MAPS
Visual Analysis: Baseline Data, Realization of Activities, Demography data, and Disaster Data
FUND ALLOCATION COMPARED TO THE NUMBER OF POOR PEOPLE IN EACH PROVINCE
26*) Fund form National Budget and Regional Budget, year 2010
THE COVERAGE OF PNPM MANDIRI (NUMBER OF SUB-DISTRICT)
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THE USE OF BLOCK GRANT BY THE COMMUNITIES
*) Data based on PNPM Rural, PNPM Urban, and PNPM Underdeveloped and Special Region, 2009
Health, 22.13%Education, 2.01%
Social, 9.38%
Agriculture, 0.54%
Transportation, 52.475%
Economy, 10.65%
Environment, 0.99%
Distribution of Households without proper access to Sanitation
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Variable: Percentage of Households without Access to Sanitation
Ranges Color Legend
- No Data
0 – 12.00
12.01 – 24.00
24.01 – 36.00
36.01 – 48.00
48.01 – 60.00
> 60.00
PNPM Fund Distribution for Sanitation by District Level in East Java, 2009
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Variable: Access/Transportation
Ranges Color Legend
- No Data
0 – 15,000,000
15,000,000 .01– 25,000,000
25,000,000 .01– 35,000,000
35,000,000 .01– 45,000,000
45,000,000 .01– 55,000,000
> 55,000,000
THANK YOU
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